Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet 826-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-1095-lcil1095-pkt-826-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-1095 page (history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/151095.htm header block, unit-assignment paragraph, occupation-medal table, awards block, disposition lines, specifications block (last updated 17 November 2023)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI-351 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 30 September 1944 at DeFoe Ship Building Co., Bay City, MI; launched 3 October 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-1095 on 7 October 1944, LTjg. P. M. Krueger USNR in command; assigned in WWII to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCI Flotilla Thirteen - printed '(flagship)', CDR. M. B. Brown USN - LCI Group Fifty-Seven (LCDR. A. J. Ormstom), LCI Division One Hundred-Fourteen. No campaign table is printed for this hull - no landing-campaign line items and no battle stars listed. Post-war Far East occupation duty, Navy Occupation Service Medal periods printed: 2-8 October 1945; 28 October-1 November 1945; 7-9 November 1945; 17-19 November 1945. Decommissioned 1 June 1946; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; transferred to the Schools and Organizations Administration 5 February 1948; registered in 1948 by Miami Power Squadron as yacht Miposq; out of documentation in 1961; final disposition 'fate unknown'. Awards printed: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal (with Asia clasp). Call sign NZUM. Spec block: 246 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max; 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; five single 20mm guns.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1961
- Population
- Defoe construction trades (Sep-Oct 1944); crew 1944-46 (4 officers + 24 enlisted complement; embarked troops up to ~188); Miami Power Squadron yacht custodians 1948-61
- Limitations
- Volunteer-maintained secondary compilation drawing on the Turner Publishing unit-history book, not a primary registry; milestone dates generally track NHHC-derived data and the commissioning date is independently corroborated by the hull's muster roll (ev-03). Contains no asbestos or material content. The printed displacement (246 t. light) differs from some sister pages (236 t.) - class-spec-block variation, carried verbatim. No campaign table is printed for this hull, in contrast to sisters with printed battle stars (e.g., LCI(L)-1090).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-01
-
[3]NARA Special List 44, 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947' - ship-number inventory section ('Special List #44, by Ship Numbers'), LCI(L) section; the digitized publication is also cataloged as NAID 178406296 [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf PDF page 21, 'Special List #44, by Ship Numbers', LCI(L) run; publication also in NARA Catalog as NAID 178406296 ('Special Lists 43 - 44', 837 digital objects)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's official logbook inventory lists deck logs for LCI(L)-1095 covering 7 October 1944 through 30 June 1945 (PDF page 21, row: 'LCI(L)-1095 10/7/1944 6/30/1945' - verified live this session, full text extracted). The coverage start coincides with the 7 October 1944 commissioning date, but the endpoints are log-coverage bounds, not commissioned/decommissioned claims. Deck logs of this period are the daily operational record of the vessel - the primary source for positions, moorings, availabilities, casualties, and embarked personnel. The window covers her transit to the Pacific and the bulk of her in-theater wartime service; it does not extend to the documented October-November 1945 occupation periods or the June 1946 decommissioning.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-10-07 to 1945-06-30
- Population
- Officers and crew of LCI(L)-1095, October 1944 - June 1945
- Limitations
- Log-coverage endpoints are holdings bounds from the 1978 inventory, not service-life claims; the actual logbooks were not inspected this session. Post-June-1945 logs are not in this inventory for this hull - whether 1945-46 logs exist in later RG 24 transfers is untraced. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-02
-
[4]NARA Catalog, 'LCI(L) 1095 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120320422, RG 24 Bureau of Naval Personnel; scanned under the Ancestry-NARA collaboration, dbid 1143 - 119 page images) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 120320422 digitalObjects; commissioning image 32860_246086-00004.jpg read this session (catalog.archives.gov/medialz/partnerships/32860/0001/DD00982/32860_246086/)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The hull's muster rolls are digitized in the NARA Catalog: 119 page images spanning the commissioning report (NAVPERS 605-B, 'Report of Changes of U.S.S. LCI (L) 1095 for the month ending 7th day of October, 1944') through 1 June 1946 - the hull's entire commissioned life. The commissioning page was read this session: the named crew (S1c, S2c, F2c, Cox, S1c(GM), S1c(QM), S1c(SM) ratings shown) were all received aboard 7 October 1944 from 'Captain of the Port, USCG, Bay City, Michigan' - corroborating the Bay City build and the 7 October 1944 commissioning independently of NavSource. Subsequent muster dates cataloged: 31 December 1944, 31 January 1945, 6 and 13 and 31 March 1945, 30 April 1945, 1 June 1945, 1 July 1945, 31 July 1945, 1 October 1945, 1 November 1945, 1 December 1945, and 1 January - 1 June 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-10-07 to 1946-06-01
- Population
- Officers and crew of LCI(L)-1095 named by rate and service number (Oct 1944 - Jun 1946 rosters)
- Limitations
- Existence and one page's contents verified (commissioning report image read); remaining 118 images unread. Muster rolls are personnel rosters - they document who was aboard and where they reported from, not ship materials; no asbestos content. Ancestry-hosted scans are publicly fetchable from catalog.archives.gov medialz URLs (verified HTTP 200 on the commissioning image).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-03
-
[5]NARA Catalog, unit war diaries covering this hull's documented formations: COM LCI(L) GR 57 - War Diaries, 12/1-31/44 (NAID 139812699), 1/45 (139855236), 2/45 (139890601), 3/45 (139952097), 4/45 (633431718), 5/45 (140064970), 6-7/45 (83533759), 8/45 (77520597), 9/45 (77562558), 10/1-11/8/45 (140083587); COM LCI(L) FLOT 13 - War Diaries incl. 11/44 (78717848), 12/44 (139804506), 1/45 (139843170), 2/45 (139901787), 3/45 (139958750), 8/45 (77486486), 9/45 (77528018), 10/45 (77583827), 11/45 (77584892); plus flotilla/group muster rolls: LCI(L) Flotilla 13 (NAID 120301694), LCI(L) Group 57 (NAIDs 120302347, 120301485) - all RG 38 war diaries / RG 24 muster rolls, NARA College Park, Fold3-digitized; formation identity per NavSource/Turner [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov/id/{139812699, 139855236, 139890601, 139952097, 633431718, 140064970, 83533759, 77520597, 77562558, 140083587} (GR 57); id/{78717848, 139804506, 139843170, 139901787, 139958750, 77486486, 77528018, 77583827, 77584892} (FLOT 13); id/{120301694, 120302347, 120301485} (unit muster rolls); usslci.org 'Elsie Item' 84 (Dec 2013) for the Black Cat nickname
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds and has digitized the war diaries of the units to which NavSource assigns this hull: LCI Group Fifty-Seven (December 1944 - November 1945, a near-complete monthly run ending 8 November 1945) and LCI Flotilla Thirteen (diaries spanning 1944-45, with November 1944 through March 1945 and August-November 1945 among the verified catalog entries). Group 57's run covers the hull's entire documented in-theater window; the October-November 1945 diaries overlap her printed Navy Occupation periods. Flotilla Thirteen is the formation documented in secondary literature as the 'Black Cat Flotilla' (USS LCI National Association publication 'Elsie Item' no. 84, Dec 2013) - its 1944 operations (Guam, Angaur/Palaus under LCDR John Morrill with LCI(G)-730 as flagship) predate this hull's commissioning; the flagship annotation on this hull's NavSource page is for CDR. M. B. Brown's later flag. These formation-level records are the standard place a division boat's operations, tasking, and casualties are summarized.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-12 to 1945-11 (verified diary coverage for GR 57); 1944-03 to 1945-11 (FLOT 13 entries located)
- Population
- LCI Flotilla 13 / Group 57 / Division 114 crews
- Limitations
- Existence verified in the NARA catalog; contents not read (Fold3 image hosting is membership-gated). Unit-level diaries are formation records - LCI(L)-1095's presence in any given month's diary is likely given the documented assignment but was not individually verified; Group 57's run begins December 1944, consistent with the hull reaching the Pacific in late 1944, but the exact assignment date is unstated in NavSource. The 'flagship' annotation rests on the NavSource/Turner compilation only. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-04
-
[6]ShipbuildingHistory, 'Defoe Shipbuilding' yard table (hull 348 = LCI(L) 1095, US Navy landing craft, 236d t., 158 ft, 1-Oct-44, 'To Miami Power Squadron 1948') and companion LCI(L) production list (LCI(L) 1095, Defoe SB, Bay City MI, 7-Oct-44, 'To Miami Power Squadron 1948') [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/large/defoe.htm hull 348 row; shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm LCI(L) 1095 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent shipyard-production tabulation corroborates builder, yard number, and disposal: Defoe Shipbuilding, Bay City MI, built LCI(L)s 1052-1098 (yard hulls 305-351); hull 348 is LCI(L) 1095, a 236-ton, 158-ft landing craft dated 1 October 1944 in the yard table (a build-month marker) and 7 October 1944 in the companion LCI(L) table - matching NavSource's commissioning date. Both tables carry the disposition 'To Miami Power Squadron 1948', consistent with NavSource's 5 February 1948 Schools-and-Organizations-Administration transfer and 1948 Miami Power Squadron registration.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944; 1948 (disposal note)
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding trades, Bay City, Sep-Oct 1944
- Limitations
- Secondary compiled production tables (shipbuildinghistory.com), not primary records; the yard table's '1-Oct-44' is a build-month marker while the LCI(L) table prints the 7-Oct-44 commissioning date. Disposal cells agree across both tables and with NavSource - no disposition conflict for this hull (contrast sister LCI(L)-1090's 'Target at Bikini' cell). No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-05
-
[7]'US Navy Landing Ships/Craft, 1940-1945' (HyperWar transcription of the NHHC 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' ship-list compilation), LCI(L) section, LCI(L)-1095 entry [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- ships-lc.html, LCI(L) section, LCI(L)-1095 table row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The NHHC-derived register lists LCI(L)-1095 among the 1942-44 commissioned LCI(L)s with no loss, conversion, or transfer annotation - consistent with the NavSource/Turner service history (remained LCI(L) throughout; not sunk, not lend-leased, not redesignated LCI(G)/(M)/(R) or LSI(L)). No individual DANFS entry exists for this hull: the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships did not publish per-hull histories for numbered landing craft (named conversions such as Skimmer ex-LCI(L)-1093 do have entries - this hull never received a name).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946 (register coverage)
- Limitations
- Register-level confirmation of existence and commission window only - no operational detail, no asbestos content. HyperWar is a transcription mirror of an official NHHC compilation; the underlying register is the authoritative element.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-06
-
[8]NavalCoverMuseum, 'Participating Ships During the Korean War' list (prints 'SKIMMER MHC 41 ex SKIMMER AMCU-41 ex LCI(L)-1095'); corrected identity per NavSource 10/15/151093 (Skimmer ex-LCI(L)-1093) and DANFS-derived secondary histories [other_primary]
- Locator
- navalcovermuseum.org/wiki/PARTICIPATING_SHIPS_DURING_THE_KOREAN_WAR, 'S' section, SKIMMER row (live 2026-09-29); navsource.net/archives/10/15/151093.htm header/designation line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- CORRECTION: the NavalCoverMuseum Korean War participating-ships list prints 'SKIMMER MHC 41 ex SKIMMER AMCU-41 ex LCI(L)-1095' - attributing this hull number to the Skimmer conversion. The documented conversion is LCI(L)-1093: NavSource 10/15/151093 shows USS Skimmer (MHC-41) ex AMCU-41 ex LCI(L)-1093 (laid down 11 September 1944, Defoe, Bay City; converted at Charleston Naval Shipyard 15 August 1953 - 15 February 1954), and the DANFS-derived Skimmer history agrees. LCI(L)-1095 was never redesignated - NavSource and the NHHC-derived register show it remained LCI(L)-1095 throughout naval service, decommissioned 1946, and passed to civilian hands in 1948. Researchers matching 'AMCU-41' or 'Skimmer' to this hull number would be following a misprint.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1952-1960 (Skimmer designation window)
- Limitations
- Corrects a single-source misprint on a volunteer-maintained naval-cover wiki page; the correction itself is well-corroborated (NavSource page for LCI(L)-1093, DANFS-derived Skimmer history, Wikipedia). No asbestos content - the correction exists to keep the number-space clean for litigation and archival matching.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-07
-
[9]Historic American Engineering Record documentation of LCI-351-class sister hulls: HAER OR-180, LCI(L)-713 (George Lawley & Son, 1944; AFMM museum vessel, Oregon) and HAER AK-52, M/V Husky II ex-USS LCI(L)-653 (LCI-351 class, 1944) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 (or0606data.pdf), description/historical sections; HAER AK-52 (ak0557data.pdf), insulation passages (mid-1980s conversion work)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Federal HAER documentation describes the LCI-351 class's construction: welded 1/4-inch steel plate, two decks with troop compartments and crew spaces on the lower deck, deckhouse with accommodations/mess/wardroom/galley, and an engine room containing eight General Motors 6-71 diesel engines driving two shafts with variable-pitch propellers - the same plant NavSource's spec block lists for this hull (two sets of 4 GM 6-71 diesels, 4 per shaft, 2,320 shp). HAER documents approximately 1,051 vessels of the type built across ten yards to a standard Bureau of Ships design. Neither HAER record mentions asbestos; full text of both was extracted this session and 'asbestos' appears zero times - the only insulation applications described (Husky II spray-on reefer-hold and cooling-unit insulation) date to a mid-1980s fishing-tender conversion, not naval service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944 (class construction); HAER surveys 2011-2014
- Population
- Class construction trades (ten yards, 1942-44); LCI(L) crews
- Limitations
- Sister-hull documentation, not this hull - establishes class construction practice only. Absence of asbestos mention in a HAER narrative is not evidence of absence aboard any hull; it is not a materials survey. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-08
-
[10]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block for this hull (all-diesel GM 6-71 plant, twin screws); HAER class documentation (welded-steel construction, engine-room layout, ~1,051 vessels of the type in ten yards); shipbuildinghistory LCI(L) type notes (Defoe built hulls 1052-1098, yard hulls 305-351); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (ev-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; HAER OR-180/AK-52 construction descriptions; shipbuildinghistory defoe.htm/lcil.htm tables; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A welded-steel diesel-powered landing craft built September-October 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications aboard a small diesel naval craft of this period were: engine-exhaust and muffler lagging, machinery and piping gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and compartment insulation where fitted. She carried no steam plant - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway that dominates steam-vessel asbestos profiles does not apply. LCI(L)s were deliberately austere craft (troop accommodation limited to a ~48-hour operational period), so insulation scope aboard was materially narrower than on steam combatants.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1961
- Population
- Defoe construction trades (Sep-Oct 1944); engine-room crew and embarked troops (1944-46); yacht custodians and any conversion workers (1948-61); any later scrapping workers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-1095. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution. The reduced insulation scope of small landing craft relative to steam vessels cuts both ways - fewer candidate systems, but machinery-space lagging remained era-typical.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-09
-
[11]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (Sep-Oct 1944) and naval service era (1944-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-29) - content via product-page description; same standing defect as Batches 01/98/4945/4969.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-10
-
[12]Batch-4974 search ledger (this record): NavSource/Turner; NARA Special List 44 ship-number inventory (verified live, PDF page 21); NARA catalog (hull muster rolls NAID 120320422 with commissioning page read; FLOT 13 / GR 57 war diaries; unit muster rolls; SL44 publication NAID 178406296); shipbuildinghistory Defoe yard + LCI(L) tables; NHHC-derived landing-craft register (HyperWar); HAER sister-hull reports; NVR; CourtListener (complete); USS LCI National Association site; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-1095-01 through -15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-1095 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener coverage is complete this session: four opinion-index exact-name queries ('LCI(L)-1095', 'LCI-1095', 'LCI(L) 1095', 'LCI 1095') all returned zero hits, and the docket index (type=r) for 'LCI(L)-1095' returned zero - no qualifying case exists in the searched repositories. Federal documentation of two same-class sister hulls (HAER OR-180, HAER AK-52) contains no asbestos content (zero occurrences, text extracted this session). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case and only law-firm marketing listicles asserting asbestos aboard landing craft generally - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull's deck logs (NARA-held, 10/7/1944-6/30/1945 coverage), muster rolls (digitized), unit war diaries (digitized, Fold3-gated), builder work orders, and the Schools-and-Organizations disposal file are the untapped primary series. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-11
-
[13]USS LCI National Association, 'Elsie Item' no. 84 (December 2013) - 'LCI Flotilla Thirteen, commonly referred to as the "Black Cat Flotilla"' (formation-level documentation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- usslci.org/fathom/.../ELSIEITEM-84-Dec-2013.pdf, 'Black Cat Flotilla' narrative; Morrill-era operations context
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- LCI Flotilla Thirteen - the flotilla to which NavSource assigns this hull as flagship under CDR. M. B. Brown - is the formation documented in association literature as the 'Black Cat Flotilla,' whose 1944 operations (the recapture of Guam, July 1944, and the Angaur/Palaus campaign, September-October 1944, under LCDR John H. Morrill with LCI(G)-730 as flagship gunboat) are the subject of Morrill's memoir 'The Cincinnati' and Robert Heath's 'With the Black Cat USS LCI Flotilla 13.' The flotilla's documented 1944 operations predate this hull's 7 October 1944 commissioning; NavSource's '(flagship)' annotation indicates this hull later carried the flotilla commander's flag.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- LCI Flotilla 13 crews (1944-45)
- Limitations
- Formation-level context only - the association publication does not name this hull and documents the flotilla's earlier operations under Morrill; it does not establish what this hull did or where. The timing of CDR. Brown's flag aboard LCI(L)-1095 is unstated in any source located. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1095-12