Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet 807-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-pkt-807-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-16 (10/15/150016) - build/milestone timeline, five-campaign credit, specifications, photographic record, disposal [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150016.htm header block, campaign table, and specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down September 1942 (day not stated) at New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N.J.; launched October 1942; commissioned USS LCI(L)-16, 9 November 1942. Assigned to the Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater as part of LCI Flotilla Two, credited with five campaigns: Tunisian operations 27 March-9 July 1943; Sicilian occupation 9-15 July 1943; Salerno landings 9-21 September 1943; Anzio-Nettuno advanced landing 22 January-8 February 1944; Invasion of Normandy 6-25 June 1944. Decommissioned and leased to the United Kingdom 18 October 1944; returned to U.S. Naval custody 21 May 1946; struck from the Naval Register on a date NavSource lists as unknown; transferred to the Maritime Commission at Jones Point, N.Y. for disposal (PDX-225, 27 September 1946); sold 28 March 1948; fate unknown. Awarded five battle stars for WWII service. Specifications: 216 t. light / 234 t. landing / 389 t. loaded; 158'5.5"; 23'3" beam; 16 knots; complement 3 officers + 21 enlisted; propulsion 'two sets of 4 GM diesels, 4 per shaft, BHP 1,600, twin variable pitch propellers.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- New York Shipbuilding construction trades (1942); USN crew (1942-44); embarked troops (up to 182); RN crew (1944-46); post-sale owners unknown
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestones generally track NVR/Navy records but the page carries a template typo: the campaign lead sentence names 'USS LCI(L)-218' where this hull is meant; the five campaigns and five battle stars are consistent with this hull's photographic record at Bizerte, Salerno, Anzio, Newhaven, and Normandy. Contains no asbestos content. 'Struck' date unstated; laid-down/launched precise dates not given.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-01
-
[3]NARA NAID 78313065, 'USS LCI(L) 16 - Rep of Amphibious Ops During Landings, 1/21/44 - 2/8/44, Cape D'Anzio, Italy' - the ship's own action report, RG 38 (Records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations), series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), microfilm roll A835, Micro Serial 65790 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 78313065, file unit; digital objects 0224.jpg-0226.jpg on NARA media server; Fold3 file #271082465
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Ship-generated primary record, digitized: the Commanding Officer's action report to the Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet (via Commander Group IV, LCI(L) Flotilla II; Commander Task Group 81.4; Commander Task Force 81; Commander Naval Forces, Northwest African Waters), dated 9 February 1944, signed 'LIEUT. M. J. MORRISON, Commanding Officer, LCI (L) No. 16.' The report records that LCI(L)-16 was 'assigned and fitted as a salvage ship for Green Beach' at Anzio; patrolled to assist landing craft retracting and unloading; repelled dive-bomber attacks (ME-109s, FW-190s); went to the aid of the burning LCI(L) No. 20 on Red Beach; pulled HMS LST No. 413, LCT 203, and LCT 223 off beaches; and was re-assigned to HM Tug Weasel for continued salvage operations towing LCTs and pontoons through 8 February. 'We expended 3378 rounds of 20 MM ammunition during the Operation when we were under constant attack and also shelling from the enemy inland.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-01-21 to 1944-02-08
- Population
- Ship's company (24 officers/enlisted) under Lt. M. J. Morrison; embarked troops and adjacent landing-craft crews at Anzio
- Limitations
- Establishes the hull's documented Anzio role (salvage and beach support under fire) and identifies its commanding officer - vessel history only. The report is operational narrative; it contains no material, insulation, or asbestos content whatsoever. Three scanned pages verified by direct image read (catalog.archives.gov digital objects; Fold3 mirror requires authentication).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, HMS LCI(L)-16 (LCI(L)-16), Royal Navy record - pennant, builder, milestones [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/20842.html vessel record block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Royal Navy record for the same hull: HMS LCI(L)-16, LCI 1 class landing craft infantry, pennant LCI(L)-16, built by New York Shipbuilding Corp. (Camden, N.J.); laid down 9 September 1942; launched 2 October 1942; commissioned (into the Royal Navy) 18 October 1944; 'Returned to the USN on 21 May 1946.'
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Royal Navy crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a curated secondary database (Gudmundur Helgason's Allied Warships section) - generally reliable for lend-lease vessels but not a primary registry; its precise laid-down (9 Sep) and launched (2 Oct) dates exceed NavSource's month-level detail and are carried pending primary corroboration. No asbestos content. RN commission date 18 Oct 1944 matches NavSource's USN decommission/lease date - internally consistent.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-03
-
[5]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton compilation), 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) - LCI(L)' construction table - LCI(L)-16 row [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.njscuba.net/us-navy-small/lcil/ table row for LCI(L)-16
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent build-table corroboration: 'LCI(L)-16 | New York SB | Camden NJ | 9 Nov 1942 | to Britain 1944, returned 1946, sold 1948' - matching NavSource's builder and milestone sequence. Class context from the same table header: 923 LCI(L)s built by ten shipyards; the first-350-boat design (which includes this hull) was 158.5 feet and 216 tons light.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary source (Tim Colton's shipbuildinghistory, hosted at njscuba.net); the 'delivered' column date corresponds to the Navy commissioning date here. No asbestos content; no construction-material detail beyond the class design summary.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-04
-
[6]NARA flotilla- and fleet-level files for this hull's operations: NAID 135946468 'COM LCI (L) FLOT 2 - Action Reports on Operation HUSKY (Enc A-S)' (RG 38, Micro Serial 55509, dated 7/29/1943); NAID 77609142 'COM 8th FLEET - Fwding with comment action reports on the assault landings at Salerno, Italy, 9/9/43' (Micro Serial 155840); NAID 120249473 'LCI(L) Flotilla 2 - Muster Rolls' (RG 24, Bureau of Naval Personnel) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov/id/135946468; catalog.archives.gov/id/77609142; catalog.archives.gov/id/120249473
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Digitized NARA records of this hull's parent unit likely contain LCI(L)-16-specific content: the Flotilla 2 action-report enclosure set for Operation HUSKY (Sicily, July 1943 - this hull earned the Sicilian-occupation battle star), the 8th Fleet forwarding file of Salerno assault-landing action reports (this hull earned the Salerno battle star), and LCI(L) Flotilla 2 muster rolls (RG 24) which should carry her crew lists.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- LCI(L) Flotilla 2 ships' companies, including this hull's crew
- Limitations
- Archival leads only: catalog metadata confirms the file units exist and are digitized, but their enclosures were not opened page-by-page this session, so specific LCI(L)-16 content inside them is presumed from her documented campaign participation, not yet verified line-by-line. No asbestos content expected (operational/personnel records).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-05
-
[7]Era inference built on: NavSource + HyperWar spec blocks (two sets of 4 GM diesels, 8 engines total, twin screws - no steam plant); usslci.org class description (steel hull, quad GM 6-cylinder diesels); shipyard-exposure-map shipyards.json product list for new-york-shipbuilding (documented: Pabco Six-Ply Super Caltemp block, Ehret 85% magnesia insulation, Johns-Manville Transite cement panels, asbestos gaskets, packing, asbestos-coated welding rods, ebonized asbestos lumber, wire insulation, felt insulation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource + HyperWar spec blocks; usslci.org/facts; shipyards.json yard_id 'new-york-shipbuilding'
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled diesel landing craft built September-November 1942 at New York Shipbuilding, Camden, sits inside that yard's documented asbestos-product environment (see yard dataset row) and inside the Navy's asbestos-use era. Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a small diesel craft of this period were diesel-exhaust and machinery lagging, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and possibly deck covering and accommodation-space insulation. She carried no boilers or steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply - but her construction trades at Camden and her 24-man crew plus up to 182 embarked troops were inside the era's asbestos material envelope.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- New York Shipbuilding construction trades (Sep-Nov 1942); USN crew (1942-44); RN crew (1944-46); embarked troops (to 188); post-1948 buyer's crews unknown
- Limitations
- Class/era and yard-level inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, build specification, or work package located for LCI(L)-16. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution to this hull. The shipyards.json product list documents the yard's asbestos material environment generally - it does not document installation aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-06
-
[8]Selikoff IJ, Nicholson WJ, Lilis R, 'Radiological evidence of asbestos disease among ship repair workers,' Am J Ind Med. 1980;1(1):9-22 (PMID 7342758) - peer-reviewed cohort documentation cited in the Atlas yard record for this hull's builder [other_primary]
- Locator
- PMID 7342758 abstract (NCBI efetch, verified live); shipyards.json evidence row ev-new-york-shipbuilding-08
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed evidence of the asbestos exposure burden in WWII-era ship work: Selikoff, Nicholson and Lilis studied 286 ship-repair workers 30 or more years from employment onset and found 86% had radiological evidence of asbestosis plus five previously undiagnosed lung cancers - documenting that significant asbestos was used in vessels constructed before 1975 and that repair of such vessels carried exposure potential. The Atlas yard dataset cites this literature for the yard where this hull was built.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1980 (publication); exposure era ~1930s-1970s
- Population
- Ship repair workers, WWII-era cohorts (class context)
- Limitations
- Yard/industry-level epidemiology, not a hull record: the studied cohort was ship-repair workers, not the crew or builders of this craft; it establishes era industry exposure, not materials aboard LCI(L)-16. Does not establish individual exposure, quantity, or any legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942) and U.S. service era (1942-44, 1946-48 custody).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, consistent with prior batches) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-08
-
[10]Batch-4983 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NARA catalog (hull action report + flotilla files); uboat.net RN record; shipbuildinghistory; HyperWar 'Ships of the U.S. Navy 1940-1945'; usslci.org; CourtListener API v4; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS LCI(L)-16 / HMS LCI(L)-16 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener authenticated searches returned zero opinions for 'LCI(L)-16', 'LCI(L) 16', 'LCI (L) 16', 'LCI-16', 'USS LCI(L)-16 OR LCI(L) No. 16', and 'USS LCI asbestos'; the only docket hits on 'LCI-16' are unrelated name collisions (Axon Solutions copyright case; Reconnaissance Energy securities class action; LCI Holding bankruptcy). No DANFS entry exists for this hull (HyperWar's DANFS link is commented out unbuilt; NHHC URL variants return 404). Secondary web sweeps surfaced only law-firm marketing content asserting asbestos aboard landing craft generally (mesotheliomalawyercenter.org, asbestos-ships.com, bellucklaw.com - the latter covering Federal Shipbuilding Port Newark's LCI(L) 161-196 block, a different yard and hull series) - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942 steel-hulled diesel landing craft sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era and its builder's documented asbestos-product environment. The negative finding covers ship-specific documentation and litigation only; UK-side records (TNA ADM series) for the 1944-46 RN period were not searched. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-09
-
[11]Source-defect cross-check: NavSource 10/15/150016.htm campaign paragraph vs. the same page's battle-star count and photo captions; NavSource 10/15/150218.htm (LCI(L)-218) for template comparison [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150016.htm campaign paragraph; photo captions III-SC 182820, III-SC 182822 and captions for Anzio/Newhaven/Sword Beach/Penarth images; compare NavSource 10/15/150218.htm
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: the LCI(L)-16 NavSource page's campaign paragraph reads 'During World War II USS LCI(L)-218 was assigned to the Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater' - a copy/paste template error in the source. The campaign table on the page (five campaigns) and the stated five battle stars are this hull's record, corroborated independently by dated photography placing LCI(L)-16 at Bizerte loading for Sicily (July 1943), at Termini-Imerese for the Salerno reinforcement (14 September 1943, NARA III-SC 182820/182822), on the beach at Anzio (early 1944), arriving Newhaven (March 1944), landing British troops on Sword Beach (June 1944), and moored at Penarth, Wales (1945-46).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1946 (campaign window)
- Limitations
- Corrects a transcription error in a secondary source, not a material or asbestos claim. The five-campaign attribution itself rests on NavSource's summary of the ship's battle-star credit; primary action-report confirmation exists for Anzio only (NAID 78313065).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-16-lcil16-10