Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 809-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-pkt-809-packet-md
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[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-209 (10/15/150209) - identity, commissioning, flotilla assignment, campaign credits, lease/disposal milestones, spec block; history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II (Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150209.htm - history block, campaign table, specifications block, and photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull (NavSource, from Turner Publishing's USS LCI Vol. II): LCI-1 class landing craft; commissioned USS LCI(L)-209 on 1 October 1942; assigned to the Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater as flagship of LCI Flotilla Two; campaign credits - Tunisian operations 27 March-9 July 1943; Sicilian occupation 9-15 July and 28 July-17 August 1943; Salerno landings 9-21 September 1943; Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings 22 January-2 February, 14 February, and 1 March 1944; Invasion of Normandy 6-25 June 1944. Decommissioned and leased to the United Kingdom 30 October 1944; commissioned into the Royal Navy as HM LCI(L)-209 (date unknown per NavSource); returned to US Naval custody 13 April 1946; struck from the Naval Register 5 June 1946; five battle stars for World War II service; transferred to the State Department for disposal; sold 13 February 1948; final disposition unknown. Spec block: 236 t. light / 419 t. loaded; 158'5.5" length; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; GM 6051-series-71 diesel plant, 2,320 shp. Photo captions document 'Ugly Duckling' crew emblem and Flotilla Two staff personnel.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1942); USN crew incl. embarked Flotilla Two staff (1942-44); embarked assault troops (to 182 enlisted + 6 officers); RN crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled secondary record (Turner Publishing book history), not a primary registry - milestone dates generally track official sources and the flotilla-flagship and campaign detail is consistent with the NARA log window, but the page's builder attribution (New York Shipbuilding, Camden NJ) is superseded by the correction at ev-02. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-01
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[3]Shipbuilding History (T. Colton), 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) - LCI(L)' build table, row 209: 'Lawley & Sons | Neponset MA | 1-Oct-42 | To Britain 1944, returned 1946, sold 1948'; corroborated by yorkship.org (New York Shipbuilding built only LCI(L) 1-48 and supplied plans to Lawley & Sons and other small yards) and uboat.net (HMS LCI(L)-209 'Built by George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, Massachusetts') [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm row 209; yorkship.org/HTML/landing.htm (LCI(L) section); uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/21115.html; NavSource 10/15/150214.htm (LCI(L)-214 sibling attribution)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION - builder attribution: NavSource (echoing Turner Publishing's USS LCI Vol. II) states this hull was built at New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden NJ. That is a design-yard/build-yard conflation: New York Shipbuilding designed the LCI(L) and built only hulls 1 through 48 (its second contract, numbers 49-60, was cancelled), while its plans went to smaller yards including Lawley & Sons (yorkship.org yard history). The contract-level build table at Shipbuilding History lists LCI(L)-209 as built by Lawley & Sons, Neponset MA, delivered 1-Oct-42 - the first hull of the Lawley block, which begins at 209 immediately after the Federal Shipbuilding 197-208 block cancelled 5-Nov-42. uboat.net independently lists 'George Lawley & Sons (Neponset, Massachusetts, U.S.A.)' as builder, and the National Register record for surviving Lawley-built sister LCI(L)-713 names 'Lawley, George' as architect/builder alongside the Bureau of Ships.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942
- Limitations
- Corrects a build-yard attribution, not a material claim. Shipbuilding History and uboat.net are secondary compilations (the former derived from contract/delivery records); no primary contract document was examined. Record carries Lawley & Sons, Neponset MA on the weight of three independent attributions against the single NavSource/Turner entry, which is internally inconsistent within NavSource itself (sibling page LCI(L)-214 credits Lawley & Sons).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-02
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[4]uboat.net Allied Warships, HMS LCI(L)-209 (LCI(L)-209), LCI 1 class - build dates, builder, RN commissioning, return to USN [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/21115.html - vessel data table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net entry for this hull (as HMS LCI(L)-209, Royal Navy): built by George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, Massachusetts; laid down 1 August 1942; launched 7 September 1942; commissioned (Royal Navy) 30 October 1944; returned to the USN on 13 April 1946. This supplies the laid-down and launched dates that NavSource gives only as 'in 1942,' and matches the 30 October 1944 USN decommission/lease date and 13 April 1946 return date.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Aug-Oct 1942 fitting window); RN crew (Oct 1944-Apr 1946)
- Limitations
- Secondary database without displayed primary citations - the laid-down and launched dates rest on this source alone (verification partial). Its 'Commissioned 30 Oct 1944' is the Royal Navy commissioning; NavSource reports the RN commissioning date as unknown, so the two sources conflict on whether it is documented (see gaps). No asbestos content; no operational history listed for the RN period.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-03
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[5]National Archives, Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (Bradley, Kurtz, et al., 1978) - numbered-vessel (signal-number) section; public scan mirror at Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List 44, ships-by-signal-number-designation volume, LCI(L) section (PDF p. 22); ACPL scan mirror 'F-LCI(L)' section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 inventories U.S. Navy deck logs for LCI(L)-209 covering 1 June 1944 through 30 October 1944 (numbered-vessels section, PDF p. 22 of the signal-number inventory). The window spans the Normandy campaign period (the hull's documented 6-25 June 1944 invasion credit) through the 30 October 1944 decommission/lease to the United Kingdom - the end of the USN log series is consistent with transfer to Royal Navy custody. These are log-coverage dates in the NARA inventory, not asserted commissioning boundaries: no earlier-period (Oct 1942-May 1944) USN logs are inventoried for this hull, and logs for the HM LCI(L)-209 period would be UK Admiralty records outside NARA custody.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-06-01 to 1944-10-30 (inventoried coverage)
- Population
- USN deck-log-keeping crew (Jun-Oct 1944)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the inventory documents that logs exist for the stated window, not their contents - no log page was examined, and deck logs do not document construction materials in any case. Coverage begins mid-service (June 1944); the disposition of the 1942-1944 logs is unexplained by the inventory. The SL44 public mirror is image-scan only (no OCR); the date range here is carried from the batch's verified SL44 transcription.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-04
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[6]Military Times Hall of Valor - Navy and Marine Corps Medal citation, LTJG Gordon S. Brown, USNR (NSN 0-161709), USS LCI(L) 209, 26 January 1944 [reputable_press]
- Locator
- valor.militarytimes.com recipient page, citation block
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Award citation documenting a named individual's service aboard this hull: Lieutenant (j.g.) Gordon S. Brown, USNR, received the Navy and Marine Corps Medal 'for heroism while serving on board the U.S.S. LCI(L) 209 while effecting a rescue at sea on 26 January 1944' - the ship 'went to the rescue of survivors of a British landing ship which had been bombed in action and set on fire,' and Brown 'div[ed] into the sea and sw[am] with a line to men who were struggling in the water without life preservers alongside the burning ship.' The date falls inside the hull's documented Anzio-Nettuno advanced-landing window (22 January-2 February 1944).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-01-26
- Population
- LTJG Gordon S. Brown USNR; LCI(L)-209 crew; rescued survivors of an unnamed British landing ship (26 Jan 1944)
- Limitations
- Vessel-history fact establishing presence and action on a date, not an exposure record - this record makes no exposure claim for Brown or any individual. Source is a reputable aggregator reproducing the official citation text verbatim; the underlying award record is at the Navy Department Board of Decorations and Medals. The citation does not name the British landing ship and this record does not identify it.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-05
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[7]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block (GM 6051-series-71 diesel plant, no steam); Shipbuilding History LCI(L) build table (1942 construction at Lawley & Sons); GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy asbestos insulation era - see ev-07); NPS NRHP record for sister LCI(L)-713 (see ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A 1942-built amphibious landing craft sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-insulation era (GAO HRD-80-2). Era-standard applications aboard a small diesel craft of this period were engine-exhaust and muffler lagging, machinery insulation in the engine room, gaskets and valve packing, and electrical/wiring insulation - within a 158-foot steel hull crewed by 28 and embarking up to 188 troops at assault capacity. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant, so the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; the relevant exposure geometry is the small, confined machinery space and the crew's continuous occupation of a compact hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1942); USN crew and embarked troops (1942-44); RN crew (1944-46); purchasers/breakers post-1948
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-209. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. The type's austere wartime design and small volume mean less installed insulation than a steam combatant - inference runs both ways.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-06
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[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942) and both USN and RN service eras (1942-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-29) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-07
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[9]National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places nomination, USS LCI-713, NRHP 07000300 (listed 12 April 2007) [nps]
- Locator
- NPS NPGallery AssetDetail NRIS 07000300 - nomination narrative, integrity analysis section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A Lawley-built sister of this hull survives: LCI(L)-713 (built Neponset MA, 1944, later LCI-351-series configuration) is listed on the National Register (NRHP 07000300, Portland OR), with the NRHP record naming 'U.S. Navy Bureau of Ships' and 'Lawley, George' as architects/builders. The nomination narrative describes the hull as 'structurally, essentially unchanged since World War II' and documents the type's construction and restoration under National Park Service-aligned historic-vessel guidelines - evidence that original-era fabric survives substantially intact in at least one sister of the type.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-present (sister hull)
- Population
- Museum restoration volunteers (sister ship); none for this hull
- Limitations
- Sister-ship class documentation: LCI(L)-713 is a different hull (1944 351-series), not this 1942 LCI-1-class boat, and the nomination contains no asbestos assertion either way. Demonstrates only that original construction material survives in the type - not that asbestos specifically does. No hull-specific inference for LCI(L)-209 is drawn.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-08
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[10]Batch-4998 search ledger (this record): NavSource page and LCI index; Shipbuilding History build table; yorkship.org yard history; uboat.net; NARA SL44 inventory; CourtListener opinion (type=o) and docket (type=r) searches; NHHC/DANFS check; NVR check; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS LCI(L)-209 (or HM LCI(L)-209) was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener returned zero results for all hull-designation variants in both opinion (type=o) and docket (type=r) indexes ('LCI(L)-209', 'LCI-209', 'LCIL-209', 'LCI(L) 209', 'LCI 209'). The only 'asbestos aboard' material surfacing is law-firm marketing content asserting LCI-type or Lawley-yard exposure generally without primary sourcing (mesowatch, navyshipexposure, bellucklaw shipyard pages) - excluded by source policy; none names this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - 1942 construction inside the documented asbestos-insulation era makes era inference reasonable but unproven for this hull. Deck logs (Jun-Oct 1944, NARA) and Royal Navy service records (UK National Archives) are the open documentary leads; the hull's 1948 buyer and fate are unknown, so no post-service survey trail can exist unless a records transfer occurred.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-209-lcil209-09