Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(G)-220 ex USS LCI(L)-220 (1942-1945) - timeline, campaign table, specifications, disposal, NARA-captioned photography [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150220.htm header timeline, campaign table, awards bar, specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull (history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry,' Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995): LCI-1 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); built at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; launched 12 November 1942; commissioned USS LCI(L)-220 on 25 November 1942. Assigned Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater; campaigns: Sicilian occupation 9-15 July 1943; Salerno landings 9-21 September 1943; Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings 22 January and 30 January - 1 February 1944; Invasion of Southern France 15 August - 17 September 1944; four battle stars for WWII service. Redesignated Landing Craft Infantry (Gunboat) LCI(G)-220 on 15 July 1945; occupation duty in the Far East including service in China 24 October 1945 - 1 September 1946; decommissioned 1946; struck from the Naval Register 1946; transferred to the State Department for disposal in 1946 and sold by the State Department 11 December 1946; fate unknown. Specifications: 216 t. light / 234 t. landing / 389 t. loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; LCI(L) complement 3 officers + 21 enlisted, LCI(G) 5 officers + 65 enlisted, troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; propulsion two sets of four GM diesels, four per shaft, 1,600 BHP, twin variable-pitch propellers; awards listed include China Service Medal (extended), EAME Campaign Medal (4 stars), and Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1942); LCI(L) crew ~24 and embarked troops (up to 188); LCI(G) crew ~70 (1945-46)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - but its headline facts here are independently corroborated by NARA-held ship-specific records (war diaries, action reports, muster rolls, deck-log inventory; see ev-02 through ev-07). Internal defect: the same page lists 'Laid down, 25 November 1942' - identical to its commissioning date and after its own stated 12 November 1942 launch - so the laid-down date is unresolved (see gaps). The page's '6 kts (max.)' speed figure is internally inconsistent with '14 kts maximum continuous' (likely a typo for 16 kts) - not carried. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-01
-
[2]NARA Special List 44, 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947' (by ship number) - inventory row for LCI(L)-220 [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 22, row 'LCI(L)-220 11/25/1942 6/30/1945'; RG 24 Entry 118 per archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Special List 44 inventories deck logs for this hull covering 11/25/1942 - 6/30/1945 (single row, verified verbatim on PDF page 22 of the ship-number list). Logs of this era are held in Record Group 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel), Entry 118, at the National Archives. The coverage start coincides with the commissioning date; the row documents in-scope wartime log coverage through mid-1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (coverage); 1978 (list publication)
- Population
- Crew of record during log coverage window (11/1942-6/1945)
- Limitations
- An inventory entry, not the logs themselves: it establishes that NARA holds deck logs for this hull for the stated window, not their content. These are log-coverage dates - consistent with but not proof of exact commissioning/decommissioning dates. No SL44 row exists for the post-6/30/1945 period (LCI(G) gunboat conversion and China service) - postwar log coverage for this hull is not inventoried here (see gaps). No asbestos content; deck logs are a personnel/movement record type.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-02
-
[3]NARA, 'USS LCI (L) 220 - Act Rep In connection with Husky Operations' (NAID 135906809), RG 38, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), digitized via Fold3, microfilm Roll A480, 7 images [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov NAID 135906809, digital objects 0564.jpg-0570.jpg (firsthand narrative pp. 1-2 OCR-verified); Fold3 image 269741767
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Ship-specific firsthand wartime record, content-verified by OCR of the digitized report: the commanding officer's action report for Operation HUSKY states that on 10 July 1943, approaching the Red 2 portion of beach southeast of Gela, Sicily, the ship was illuminated by searchlights and taken under heavy enemy shell, machine-gun, and mortar fire ('all the shells landed within about 50 yards'); no direct hits but shrapnel came aboard; a near shell burst parted her stern anchor cable and sprung a plate, causing a leak in the steering engine room; the port screw was damaged (fouled cable or bent blades). She retracted, re-beached under fire, and landed her troops. Routed via 'Commander LCI (L) Flotilla one, Group Two' - her flotilla assignment.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-07
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops at Gela (10 July 1943); repair trades at her subsequent availability (location undocumented here)
- Limitations
- Vessel-history record only - documents combat damage and repair need at Gela, not materials or asbestos content. Damage descriptions (sprung plate, steering-engine-room leak, damaged screw) imply yard-level repair work afterward but the repair location and scope are not in this document. OCR transcription of a typewritten 1943 report - minor character errors possible; quoted phrases were read in context.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-03
-
[4]NARA photo-data record, U.S. Army Signal Corps photo SC 175921 (Osborne, 10 July 1943), Army Signal Corps Collection, U.S. National Archives (record reproduced via NHHC Online Library mirror at ibiblio.org/HyperWar) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ibiblio.org HyperWar Online Library photo-data page SC 175921; NavSource 10/15/150220.htm photo captions (SC 181015; III-SC 181098; LIFE/Rodger Salerno frames; China mooring and Shanghai frames)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official Signal Corps photo record captioned: 'D-Day scene on Red Beach at Gela, Sicily, 10 July 1943. USS LCI(L)-220 is broached at left, with a LCM from USS Bellatrix (AKA-3) unloading just off her bow.' Places this hull broached on the Gela beach on D-Day - corroborating the stranding described in her own HUSKY action report (ev-03). A second Signal Corps photo (SC 181015) shows the same broach; a third (III-SC 181098) shows LCI(L)-220 with LCI(L)-235, LCI(L)-95 and HM LST-425 loading 45th Division troops at Palermo, 4 September 1943, for the Salerno landings. LIFE Magazine photographs by George Rodger show troops coming ashore from LCI(L)-220 and LCI(L)-235 at the Salerno beachhead, September 1943. China-period photos show LCI(G)-220 moored with LCI(G)-195, -233 and -234 (circa 13 December 1945 - 1 April 1946) and at Shanghai, 11 January 1946 (captions per NavSource-transcribed records, incl. a USS LCI National Association 'Elsie Item' #46 credit).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-07 to 1943-09; 1945-12 to 1946-04
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops at Gela and Palermo (July-September 1943); crew at China moorings (1945-46)
- Limitations
- Photographic presence record - establishes the stranding, Salerno staging/beachhead, and China moorings, not materials aboard. Signal Corps photo metadata transcribed via the NHHC Online Library mirror (ibiblio) and NavSource captions; the catalog.archives.gov photographic originals are JS-rendered and were not independently fetched; the LIFE images are magazine-archive content carried via NavSource contribution credits. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-04
-
[5]NARA, USS LCI(L) 220 monthly War Diaries (14 file units, Sep 1943 - Dec 1944), RG 38, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), digitized via Fold3 - e.g., NAID 78664417 (9/43, cover page OCR-verified), plus two further digitized action reports: NAID 78301351 (Cape D'Anzio landings, 1/20/44-2/2/44) and NAID 134358000 (Invasion of Southern France, 8/10-25/44) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov NAIDs 78664417, 78243120, 136047802, 78327417, 78353430, 78385717, 78439569, 78459854, 78512851, 78621455, 134374271, 78646166, 139778023, 139898640 (war diaries); NAID 78301351 (Anzio); NAID 134358000 (Southern France)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds this hull's own monthly war diaries as digitized scans covering September 1943 through December 1944 (file units for 9/43, 10/43, 11/43, 12/43, 1/44, 2/44, 3-4/44, 5/44, 6/44, 7-8/44, 9/44, 10/44, 11/44, 12/44; the September 1943 cover page 'WAR DIARY of the USS LCI(L) 220 for the month of September 1943' was OCR-verified). Two further ship-specific action reports are digitized: amphibious operations during the landings near Cape D'Anzio, Italy, 20 January - 2 February 1944 (Anzio), and operations during the invasion of Southern France, 10-25 August 1944. The December 1944 diary's position table (OCR-read) shows a westward transit out of the Mediterranean through Gibraltar longitudes in the month's final days.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-09 to 1944-12
- Population
- Crew during each diary month; embarked assault troops
- Limitations
- Archival lead + content spot-checks: only selected pages were OCR-verified (Sept 1943 cover; Dec 1944 position table); the diaries' full text was not transcribed. The record set documents operations and movements - personnel/material content is not indexed; no asbestos information should be expected in a war diary. No war diaries for 1945 were located in the catalog - the ship's own diary series ends 12/1944 (LCI(G)-period diaries were not found as ship-specific file units).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-05
-
[6]NARA, 'LCI(L) 220 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120208030, 133 scans) and 'LCI(G) 220 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120208164, 50 scans), RG 24 Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, series 'Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities' (NAID 594996), digitized via Ancestry partnership (database 1143) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov NAID 120208030 (LCI(L), roll dates 1942-11-25 to 1945-07-01) and NAID 120208164 (LCI(G), roll dates 1945-08-01 to 1946-05-01)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Digitized ship-specific personnel records cover effectively her entire commissioned life: LCI(L) 220 muster rolls begin 25 November 1942 (the commissioning-day roll) and run through July 1945; LCI(G) 220 muster rolls run August 1945 through May 1946 - consistent with the 15 July 1945 gunboat redesignation, China service, and 1946 decommissioning. Muster rolls name individual crewmembers by rating - the strongest personnel-level record type available for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-11 to 1946-05
- Population
- All hands by name, LCI(L) and LCI(G) periods, 1942-1946
- Limitations
- Personnel documentation only - names and ratings aboard, not materials or exposure. Scans are hosted via the Ancestry partnership (catalog lists them as online resources); individual rolls were not page-read. Date coverage ends May 1946 - later rolls (to September 1946 China-service end) were not found. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-06
-
[7]Military Times Hall of Valor, award-citation transcription - Silver Star to Lieutenant John W. Detwiler, USN, Commanding Officer of USS LCI (L) 220, amphibious assault on Sicily, July 1943 [reputable_press]
- Locator
- valor.militarytimes.com recipient page 311210 (John Detwiler, Silver Star citation text)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The published Silver Star citation (transcribed) names this hull and its CO: 'for gallantry in action as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. LCI (L) 220 during the amphibious assault on Sicily in July 1943. When an enemy shell-burst made it impossible to retract the vessel from the uncharted sand bar on which she was grounded, he skillfully ran his craft across the sand bar and in the face of persistent shellfire and dive-bombing attacks, landed the embarked troops on the assigned beach.' Corroborates the ship's own HUSKY action report (ev-03) and identifies the commanding officer at the Sicily landing.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-07
- Population
- Lt. John W. Detwiler (CO) and crew, Sicily, July 1943
- Limitations
- Secondary transcription of the official award citation (Military Times Hall of Valor), not the primary Navy award file - citation text reproduced, not independently verified against the award jacket. Vessel-history context; no asbestos content; says nothing about materials aboard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-07
-
[8]shipbuildinghistory.com, 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) - LCI(L): WWII Construction' build table (archived 2010-05-27 capture; live page 404) - per-hull builder/delivery/disposition row [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wayback capture 20100527102504, LCI(L) table row for hull 220
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Independent build-table corroboration: the LCI(L) construction table lists hull 220 - builder 'Lawley & Sons, George', location 'Neponset MA', fiscal year 1942, delivery 'Nov-42', disposition 'To China 1946'. The table header documents 923 LCI(L)s built by 10 shipyards; the first-350 design (which includes hull 220) was 158 feet, 216 tons light displacement. Corroborates builder, build year, November 1942 delivery, and China disposal path.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942; 1946
- Population
- Lawley construction trades, Neponset, 1942
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation (shipbuildinghistory.com), cited via archived copy - the live page returned 404 and this is the archived version, labeled as such. 'To China 1946' is consistent with China service and a December 1946 State Department sale abroad but does not itself document the buyer or fate. Gives only FY and delivery month - cannot resolve the laid-down date conflict (see gaps). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-08
-
[9]MIT Museum, organization record for George Lawley & Son (Neponset, MA shipyard); corroborated by MIT Museum's McInnis-Lawley collection description and Mystic Seaport's Lawley Family Collection (coll 279) [museum_official]
- Locator
- mitmuseum.mit.edu/collections/organization/1754; mitmuseum.mit.edu/collections/collection/mcinnis-lawley-collection; research.mysticseaport.org/coll/coll279/
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Museum documentation of this hull's builder: three generations of the Lawley family built yachts and working vessels at Neponset, Massachusetts from the 1860s to the 1940s; the yard 'built both wood and steel vessels, including dozens of World War II landing craft, before closing in 1946.' The McInnis-Lawley collection holds ~1,700 plan sheets from the yard (an archival lead for any LCI(L) design/plan research). Confirms the builder's identity, location, wartime landing-craft production, and closure date.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1860s-1946
- Population
- George Lawley & Sons workforce, Neponset, WWII
- Limitations
- Builder-level documentation, not a hull record - establishes the yard and its wartime product line; the collection's design-level plans are not indexed to hull 220 and no asbestos, material-list, or industrial-hygiene content was located in the museum descriptions. George Lawley & Sons is not a shipyards.json yard_id - carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-09
-
[10]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI-1 class specifications block (two sets of four GM diesels, four per shaft, 1,600 BHP, twin variable-pitch propellers; no steam plant); shipbuildinghistory LCI(L) design note (158 ft, 216 t light); GAO HRD-80-2 era documentation (see ev-11) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150220.htm specifications block; shipbuildinghistory LCI(L) design note; GAO HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled diesel landing craft built late 1942 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-typical applications aboard a small diesel amphibious craft of this period were engine and diesel-exhaust lagging in the machinery space, gaskets and valve/machinery packing, and interior deck/covering materials - a materially narrower exposure pathway than steam-powered ships because the LCI-1 class carried no boilers or turbines. The 1945 gunboat conversion (LCI(G)) altered armament and roughly tripled the crew complement but its material scope is undocumented.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1942); crew 1942-46; any conversion-yard trades for the 1945 LCI(G) refit (yard unidentified - gap)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or conversion specification located for this hull. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity; product names are normalized era terms with no manufacturer attribution for this hull. The NavSource '2-inch plastic splinter protection' armor note refers to splinter plating, not an established asbestos product - not asserted here.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-10
-
[11]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942) and service era (1942-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-11
-
[12]Batch-5010 search ledger (this record): NARA SL44 + catalog digitized records; NavSource; shipbuildinghistory (archived); NVR; CourtListener API v4 (opinions + RECAP dockets); MIT Museum; Military Times Hall of Valor; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-220-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-220-15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or qualifying litigation naming USS LCI(L)-220 / LCI(G)-220 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener: exact-phrase opinion queries '"USS LCI(L)-220"' and '"LCI(L)-220"' returned 0 hits; the unquoted token 'LCI-220' returned 96 opinion hits and 2,463 docket hits, all name collisions (legal/entity tokens, PACER identifiers) - no asbestos or vessel matter identified; '"USS LCI-220"' docket query returned 0. Secondary web sweeps surfaced only generic amphibious-class marketing assertions (asbestos.com, mesothelioma.net, mesotheliomaveterans.org class-level pages) - none name this hull; excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the ship was disposed of abroad in 1946, so post-disposal material records are unlikely to surface in U.S. sources. Unquoted-token sweeps were reviewed at first-page relevance ranking; deep-page review of the 96/2,463 collision sets was not performed. Deck logs (RG 24 E118), any Lawley work packages, the LCI(G) conversion yard file, and the State Department sale jacket are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-220-12