Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-223 (archive 10/15/150223) - identity, construction, unit assignments, Asiatic-Pacific campaign table, specifications, awards ribbons, disposal notes; page history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II (Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150223.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block, awards ribbons; page last updated 16 June 2017 (verified live, HTTP 200, 2026-09-29)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI-1 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 21 October 1942 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; launched 26 November 1942; commissioned USS LCI(L)-223 on 8 December 1942. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCI Flotilla Nineteen (LCDR E.G. Folger), LCI Group Fifty-One (LCDR S.J. Kelley), LCI Division One Hundred Nine. Campaign table: New Georgia Group operations - New Georgia-Rendova-Vangunu occupation '39 June 1943' (sic - the date is printed as '39 June'; NAVPERS lists the credit as 30 Jun 43, see ev-03); Okinawa Gunto operations - assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto 18-30 June 1945; Minesweeping operations-Pacific - Sasebo (Kyushu-Korea area) 9-13 September 1945, Tsushima Straits (Kyushu-Korea area) 12-20 October 1945, Skagway (East China Sea-Ryukyus area) 27 October - 1 November 1945. Three battle stars for WWII service. Decommissioned and struck 'date unknown'; transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 6 March 1948; 'Final Disposition, fate unknown.' Ribbons: American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (3); WWII Victory Medal; Navy Occupation Service Medal with Asia clasp. Call sign NBZY. Specs: disp. 236 t light / 264 landing / 419 loaded; l. 158'5.5"; b. 23'3"; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troops 6 officers + 182 enlisted; armament five single 20mm guns; two sets of 4 GM 6051-series-71 diesels, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Oct-Dec 1942); crew (1942-c.1946); embarked troops (up to 188); NDRF layup/disposal trades (1948)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates generally track official records but it supplies no decommission/strike dates and no post-disposal fate. Its history text is credited to Turner Publishing's USS LCI Vol. II (secondary source). The '39 June 1943' campaign date is a physical impossibility - the official NAVPERS credit (30 Jun 43) is carried; see gaps. The printed flotilla assignment may be the 1945 minesweeping-era organization (sister-hull pages associate Flotilla 19 with the post-war sweep) - her wartime flotilla during New Georgia is not printed. Spec figures differ from the generic class sheet (see ev-05 and gaps). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-223-01
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[2]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton), George Lawley & Sons (Neponset MA) production table; corroborated by the LCI(L) production table at shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm [other_primary]
- Locator
- lawley.htm LCI(L) 223 row (delivered 8-Dec-42, 'Sold 1948'); lcil.htm row 223 ('To NDRF 1948') and table notes
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The yard production table files this hull in Lawley's LCI(L) run: 'LCI(L) 223 | U.S. Navy | Landing Craft | 216d | 158 ft | delivered 8-Dec-42 | Sold 1948' - i.e., built at the company's Point Norfolk yard in Neponset (George S. Lawley & Sons, yachtbuilder founded 1866 at Scituate, moved via City Point South Boston to Neponset 1909, closed 1945) and delivered on the day of commissioning. The companion LCI(L) table carries the same delivery date with disposition 'To NDRF 1948' - the table's own note states 'to NDRF' means MARAD took charge of the boat and disposed of it. Context from the table: Lawley's wartime landing-craft run comprised hulls LCI(L) 209-238, 351-422, and 658-716 plus PC 467-468 and numerous yard patrol craft; sisters 210-218 went to Britain under Lend-Lease and later-hull conversions produced the LCI(G)/(M)/(R)/(FF) variants.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Lawley Neponset trades (1942)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation by a specialist shipbuilding-data site (used here for builder, yard identity, delivery date, and disposition bracket - consistent with NavSource's 6 Mar 1948 Maritime Commission transfer). The Lawley table's 'Sold 1948' vs the LCI(L) table's 'To NDRF 1948' is a minor internal discrepancy (both postdate the MarCom transfer); buyer and final fate undocumented. No yard hull number is printed for this row. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-223-02
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[3]Department of the Navy, Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual, NAVPERS 15,790 (Rev. 1953), Part IV Section 2 (Area Campaign Medals and Operation/Engagement Stars WWII) - 'List of Ships and Units eligible for Engagement Stars' (HyperWar transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Awards-IV-16.html Part IV 'List of Ships and Units eligible for Engagement Stars' - entries 'LCI(L) 223' (P21-1, P34-1) and 'LCI 223' (P207-13, P207-17, P207-23); operation-code legend table in same file
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official awards manual lists the hull in two entries. 'LCI(L) 223' is listed for engagement stars in the amphibious-operations groups: P21-1 (New Georgia-Rendova-Vangunu occupation) 30 Jun 43; and P34-1 (Assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto) 18 Jun - 30 Jun 45. 'LCI 223' is separately listed under P207 Minesweeping Operations Pacific ('only 1 star for participation in 1 or more'): P207-13 Sasebo (Kyushu-Korea Area) 9-13 Sep 45; P207-17 Tsushima Straits (Kyushu-Korea Area) 12-20 Oct 45; P207-23 'Skagway' (East China Sea-Ryukyus Area) 27 Oct - 1 Nov 45. The three operation groups correspond to the three battle stars NavSource credits.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- Crew during 1943-45 Pacific operations and 1945 occupation-era minesweeping support
- Limitations
- Official eligibility list, not an action report - it documents that the ship qualified for stars in named operations, not tactical detail. The P207 minesweeping credits are post-surrender occupation-era operations (Sep-Nov 1945) qualifying for the Asiatic-Pacific campaign star under the one-star-for-one-or-more rule. NAVPERS is a 1953 revision transcribed by the HyperWar Foundation; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-223-03
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[4]National Archives, Special List #44 - List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number edition) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, p. 22 - single 'LCI(L)-223' row (9/1/1943 - 6/30/1945), verified by pdftotext extraction 2026-09-29
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's logbook inventory lists a single holdings span for LCI(L)-223: 9/1/1943 - 6/30/1945. The span begins nine months after her 8 December 1942 commissioning - the December 1942 - August 1943 window covering shakedown, the transit to the Pacific, and the New Georgia-Rendova-Vangunu operation (30 June 1943, her first credited star) is NOT in the inventoried holdings for this hull. Coverage runs through 30 June 1945 - the closing day of her Okinawa Gunto credit window (18-30 June 1945). Her three post-surrender minesweeping credits (September-November 1945) postdate the inventoried span. These are physical logbook holdings (RG 24 lineage); whether the volumes are digitized in the National Archives Catalog could not be confirmed this session (catalog is JS-rendered; the online digitized-log index is name-indexed and lists no numbered landing craft).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (holdings); inventory compiled 1978
- Limitations
- Inventory confirms existence/span of holdings, not content - the logs themselves were not reviewed. Cause of the pre-September-1943 gap (lost, never transferred, or separately held) is not stated in the list. A logbook is a vessel-history document, not an asbestos record; deck logs could support crew-duty and exposure-scene reconstruction but were not examined.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-223-04
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[5]HyperWar Foundation, 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' data sheet for USS LCI(L)-223 (Patrick Clancey, compiled 2000) [other_primary]
- Locator
- LCIL-223.html data sheet (verified live, HTTP 200, 2026-09-29)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' series carries a per-hull data sheet for LCI(L)-223: LCI(L)-1 class Infantry Landing Craft (Large); disp. 216 t light / 234 t landing; length 160'; beam 23'3"; draft 3'2" mean, 2'8" fwd / 4'10" aft landing; 12 kts std / 16 kts max; armament 4 x 20mm; complement 3 officers + 21 enlisted; 75 tons cargo; troops 6 officers + 182 enlisted; '2 sets G.M. diesel engins; twin variable-pitch screws, 1600 BHP'. The sheet's construction line reads 'Built at __________, and commissioned 1943' - builder blank, and the '1943' commissioning year conflicts with the documented 8 December 1942 commissioning (NavSource; both production tables) and with her 30 June 1943 New Georgia credit, which requires earlier service.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1940-1945 (series coverage)
- Limitations
- Series data sheet - the per-hull construction line is template text with fields left blank; its 'commissioned 1943' and 1,600-BHP/3-officer generic figures conflict with the hull-specific spec block on NavSource and the delivery record (see gaps). Used as corroborating class-level spec context only; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-223-05
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[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (Oct-Dec 1942) and service era (1942-c.1946).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches, confirmed 2026-09-29 - standing access gap also noted in batch-01, batch-98, and batch-4987 reports); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-223-06
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[7]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications (two sets of 4 GM diesels, twin variable-pitch props - diesel plant, no steam); Lawley and LCI(L) production tables (built/delivered late 1942); GAO HRD-80-2 era bracket (see ev-06) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; lawley.htm/lcil.htm production rows; GAO product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered amphibious landing craft built October-December 1942 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-insulation era. Era-standard applications aboard a small diesel craft of this type and period were engine and diesel-exhaust lagging, machinery-space thermal insulation, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, and her insulating load was correspondingly lighter than a steam combatant's. Unlike some WWII builders, no yard-level asbestos documentation (industrial-health survey, litigation product exhibit, or abatement record) was located for the Lawley Neponset yard - the inference here is era-level only.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Lawley Neponset trades (1942); crew (1942-c.1946); NDRF layup/disposal trades (1948)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-223. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. No builder-yard asbestos record exists to narrow the inference further.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-223-07
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[8]Batch-5013 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (404, no entry); NARA Special List 44 (single span); NavSource; shipbuildinghistory production tables; NAVPERS 15,790 engagement-star list; HyperWar data sheet; NARA digitized-log index and catalog; GAO (403-blocked); CourtListener (opinion index 0 hits; RECAP docket index blocked); usslci.org (unreachable); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-223-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-223-14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LCI(L)-223 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The CourtListener opinion index returned zero results for the hull-name variants 'LCI(L)-223'/'LCI-223'/'LCI 223' (type=o, authenticated, 2026-09-29); the RECAP docket index could not be queried this session - every attempt returned the fleet-wide pacing stand-down (shared ~114/hr budget spent); logged as blocked in the search ledger, not as a negative result. A secondary web sweep surfaced no qualifying case; 'LCI(L)-223'/'LCI-223' is a high-collision token (Magic: The Gathering card LCI #223 'Anim Pakal, Thousandth Moon'). No law-firm or marketing source is cited in this record.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the docket-index search is a genuine open gap (throttled, not run); the opinion index is a verified negative. The NARA log span (RG 24 lineage) is the next primary-source step; the pre-Sep-1943 holdings gap covers her first credited operation. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-223-08