Evidence
16 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-16).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, 'USS LCI(R)-224 ex USS LCI(L)-224 (1943 - 1945)' (Amphibious Photo Archive 150224; history text credited to 'USS LCI "Landing Craft Infantry", Vol. II', Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Amphibious Photo Archive page 10/15/150224.htm: heading, spec block, campaign table, photo captions, history credit line; URL verified live 200 OK on 2026-09-29
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LCI-1 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large): laid down 23 October 1942 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; launched 30 November 1942; commissioned USS LCI(L)-224, 10 December 1942. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater, LCI Flotilla Seven, LCI Group Nineteen. Reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Rocket), USS LCI(R)-224, 10 July 1945, then assigned LCS(L) Flotilla One and LCI(R) Group Twenty. Campaign credits: Bismarck Archipelago (Cape Gloucester, 26-27 December 1943); Western New Guinea (Toem-Wakde-Sarmi, 17 May 1944; Biak, 27-28 May and 29 May-1 June 1944; Morotai, 15 September 1944); Luzon (Lingayen Gulf landings, 18 January 1945); Consolidation of the Southern Philippines (Palawan, 28 February-7 March 1945; Visayan, 18-19 March 1945); Manila Bay-Bicol (Carabao Island, 16 April 1945). Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register 12 March 1946; transferred to the Maritime Commission 20 April 1948 for disposal; final fate unknown; seven battle stars. Specifications: 216 t light / 234 t landing / 389 t loaded; 158 ft 5.5 in; two sets of 4 General Motors 6051-series-71 diesels (4 per shaft), single GM reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; two diesel-drive 30 kW 120 V DC generators; complement 3 officers/21 enlisted as LCI(L), 3/31 as LCI(R); troop capacity 6 officers/182 enlisted. Photo captions document amphibious exercises at Trinity Beach, Queensland, 27 July 1943 (AWM 054715, 054721, 054722), Marines wading ashore at Cape Gloucester December 1943 (NARA ID 74250164), and the ship beached with LCI(L)-230 at Emirau Island 20 March 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Crew: 3 officers, 21 enlisted (LCI(L)) / 3 officers, 31 enlisted (LCI(R)) class spec; embarked troops up to 6 officers, 182 enlisted
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-maintained private archive whose history text is credited to a secondary compilation (Turner Publishing, 1995) - not a government publication. Its 'reclassified 10 July 1945' and 'Lingayen Gulf landings, 18 January 1945' dates conflict with primary documents (ship-generated LCI(R) paperwork by December 1944; the ship's own action report for 9 January 1945) - see ev-13 correction row. 'Decommissioned, date unknown' is superseded by the muster-roll forwarding-sheet notation of 8 February 1946 (ev-03). Does not document asbestos in any respect.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-01
-
[2]National Archives and Records Administration, Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (comp. Claudia Bradley, Michael Kurtz, et al., Washington DC, 1978), 'Special List #44, by Ship Numbers' index, F-LCI(L) section, printed page 334 (scan via Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List 44, 'by Ship Numbers' index, LCI(L) block, printed page 334 (ACPL display page 360; page 22 of the ship-number section PDF); row 'LCI(L)-224'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's deck-log inventory lists logs for LCI(L)-224 covering 3/1/1944 to 6/30/1945 - i.e., from the Wadke/Arara operations period through the end of the war. Verified verbatim from the scanned page: 'LCI(L)-224 3/1/1944 6/30/1945'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-03-01 to 1945-06-30
- Limitations
- An inventory entry, not the logs themselves: it establishes that deck logs for this coverage window exist in NARA custody (RG 24, College Park) but says nothing about their content. These are log-coverage dates, not commissioning or decommissioning dates - and coverage begins fifteen months after the ship's 10 December 1942 commissioning, so December 1942-February 1944 logs are not inventoried under this row. The logs are not digitized as a National Archives Catalog file unit (2026-09-29 catalog search). The ACPL viewer URL is the scan access point; the underlying publication is NARA Special List 44.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-02
-
[3]National Archives Catalog, 'LCI(L) 224 - Muster Rolls', NAID 120207449 (RG 24, Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities; 77 images digitized via Ancestry) and 'LCI(R) 224 - Muster Rolls', NAID 120207527 (47 images, first roll dated 31 January 1945) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 120207449 image 1 (forwarding sheet) and Q4-1944 recapitulation/roll images; NAID 120207527 (LCI(R) rolls, 47 images from 31 Jan 1945); catalog URLs verified live 2026-09-29
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The hull's digitized crew muster rolls span her commissioned life. The LCI(L) file unit's forwarding sheet reads: 'MUSTER ROLL OF THE CREW OF THE U.S.S. LCI(L) 224 - From 12-31-42 TO 2-8-46 Decomm.', forwarded from the Amphibious Training Base, Little Creek, Virginia, approved 30 January 1943 by Lt.(jg) W.A.P. Watkins, USNR (commanding officer) and certified by Ens. William K. Bohn (executive officer) - establishing the ship at ATB Little Creek in January 1943, Watkins as CO, Bohn as XO, and a roll series running from commissioning (the 31 December 1942 quarterly roll) through decommissioning 8 February 1946. The separate 'LCI(R) 224 - Muster Rolls' file unit (NAID 120207527) begins with the 31 January 1945 roll, and the muster-roll recapitulation sheet for the quarter ending 31 December 1944 is already headed 'U.S.S. LCI(R) 224' with 30 enlisted aboard against an operating allowance of 35.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-12-31 to 1946-02-08
- Population
- Ship's company (officers and enlisted, 1942-1946)
- Limitations
- Only selected images of the 124 total (forwarding sheet, Q4-1944 recapitulation, and crew list pages) were read; the full roll content is unexamined. The forwarding sheet's 'TO 2-8-46 Decomm.' is the primary documentation for the decommissioning date that NavSource lists as unknown - it records roll coverage ending at decommissioning, taken here as 8 February 1946. Muster rolls document personnel, not materials: no asbestos information. Catalog record pages are JavaScript-rendered; content was verified from the digitized images themselves (Fold3/Ancestry-sourced scans).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-03
-
[4]National Archives Catalog, 'LCI(R)-224 - Rep of opers in the invasion of Lingayen Gulf, Luzon Island, Philippines, 1/9/45', NAID 101750021 (RG 38, World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories; micro serial 133210; 4 images digitized via Fold3) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 101750021 images 0045-0048 (microfilm roll A_1760); catalog record verified live 2026-09-29
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The ship's own action and operation report for the Lingayen Gulf invasion, dated 10 January 1945 on 'USS LCI(R) 224 / FLEET POST OFFICE / SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.' letterhead, signed by commanding officer William K. Bohn, Lt.(jg), USNR, addressed to CominCh via CTU 78.1.8 (Lieut. Nevius) and CTU 78.1.7 (Captain Barchet), Commander SEVENTH Amphibious Force - San Fabian Attack Force. 'This rocket gun-boat' was assigned under CTF 78.1 OpPlan 103-44 as a close fire-support unit for White Beach Two (2.25 miles NE of San Fabian). S-Day 9 January 1945: underway 0630, general quarters 0635, enemy plane driven off 0640, line of departure 0830, rocket run commenced 0910 on course 112 degrees true at 3.5 knots; first ranging salvo 0925 at 1,400 yards; from 0927 delivered salvos of 44 4.5-inch rockets at ten-second intervals across White Beach Two to a depth of 400 yards (352 rounds) then to 800 yards (176 rounds); then a 90-degree turn to starboard, strafing the right flank with 40mm, 20mm, and .50-caliber, retiring at H+15. Ammunition expended: 511 of 528 4.5-inch rockets (17 misfires on faulty electrical contact), 40 rounds 40mm, 330 rounds 20mm, 400 rounds .50 cal. No battle damage to the vessel; no personnel casualties.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-01-09 to 1945-01-10
- Population
- Ship's company under Lt.(jg) William K. Bohn, USNR
- Limitations
- Read in full (4 pages). An operational after-action narrative - documents the Lingayen employment, armament, and crew organization (CO Lt.(jg) Bohn; distribution included Com LCI(L) Flot. 7 and Com LCI(L)/LCI(R) Group 20), not materials or asbestos. The January 1945 'LCI(R)' letterhead predates NavSource's 10 July 1945 reclassification date by six months - carried as a documented discrepancy (ev-13), not adjudicated.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-04
-
[5]National Archives Catalog, 'LCI(R)-224 - Report of operations in support of the invasion of Panay Island, Philippines, 3/18-28/45', NAID 77507926 (micro serial 143296, dated 29 March 1945; 3 images) and 'LCI(R)-224 - Report of operations in support of minesweeping operations from the Visayan Sea to North Guimaras Strait, Philippine Islands, 4/3-8/45', NAID 77507923 (micro serial 143295, dated 8 May 1945; 2 images), RG 38 World War II War Diaries series [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 77507926 images 1148-1150 and NAID 77507923 images 1144-1145 (microfilm roll A_1889); catalog records verified live 2026-09-29
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Two further ship-generated reports on 'USS LCI(R) 224' letterhead. Panay/Iloilo (dated 29 March 1945): under CTF 78.3.1 Operation Plan 5-45 she was assigned as a close fire-support unit accompanying the initial LVT wave to Red Beach on G-Day 18 March 1945 (H-Hour 0830), covering the beach to 400 yards with a 4.5-inch rocket barrage then strafing the right flank, and thereafter assigned standby capacity as a mine-destructor vessel in subsequent minesweep operations; naval gunfire was canceled at 0740 and she anchored about one mile east of Red Beach at 1243. Minesweeping support (dated 8 May 1945): assigned as a mine-destructor vessel for operations from the Visayan Sea to the north Guimaras Strait, 3-8 April 1945, operating out of Estancia, Panay, in areas BERNICE and BEULAH, via CTU 78.3.6 (Lieut. Nicholls).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-03-18 to 1945-04-08
- Population
- Ship's company, Seventh Amphibious Force tasking
- Limitations
- First pages read in full (letterhead, task organization, and assignment verified); remaining pages summarize operation chronology and were skimmed. Operational narratives only - no materials or asbestos content. Both documents postdate the LCI(R) working designation already in use on the Q4-1944 muster and the January 1945 Lingayen report.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-05
-
[6]National Archives Catalog, 'USS LCI(L)-224' file unit, NAID 472241092, RG 24 'Casualty Information Reports' series (1941-1960), National Archives at College Park - paper copy, not digitized [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 472241092 catalog record; series NAID 803937; verified live 2026-09-29
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A hull-titled casualty information report exists for USS LCI(L)-224 in RG 24 (HMS/MLR A1 1024) at College Park - one paper copy (container 45), unrestricted, not available online. The Lingayen action report itself records no personnel casualties for that operation; the casualty file's subject and dates are unexamined.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1941-1960 (series)
- Limitations
- Catalog metadata only - contents not read and not digitized; existence of a casualty file does not establish any particular incident, casualty count, or cause, and says nothing about materials or asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-06
-
[7]National Archives Catalog, 'LCI(L)-224' file unit, NAID 175662698, RG 19 'Microfilm of Ship Engineering Drawings' series (1945-1955), Bureau of Ships - not yet available online [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 175662698 catalog record; series NAID 559593; verified live 2026-09-29
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A hull-titled microfilm file of Bureau of Ships engineering drawings exists for LCI(L)-224 in RG 19 at College Park - unrestricted, paper/microfilm, not digitized. BuShips drawings are the class of record that can carry material callouts (insulation schedules, gasket and packing specifications), making this the most plausible surviving ship-specific technical record for materials questions.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-1955 (series)
- Limitations
- Catalog metadata only - contents unexamined and not digitized. Whether the file contains insulation or material specifications at all is unknown; existence does not establish the presence of any asbestos product aboard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-07
-
[8]U.S. Navy, NAVPERS awards manual ('U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual, NAVPERS 15,790', 1953 revision), engagement-star/operations credit list (HyperWar/ibiblio transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- HyperWar Awards-IV-16 page, alphabetical 'LCI(L) 224' and 'LCI(R) 224' blocks; verified live via firecrawl 2026-09-29
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official awards list carries the hull under both designations. 'LCI(L) 224' is credited for: Eastern New Guinea operations (4-6 September 1943, P17-2; 22 September 1943, P17-3; 2-3 January 1944, P17-4); Bismarck Archipelago (26-27 December 1943, P22-5); Hollandia (21-25 April 1944, P40); and Western New Guinea (17 May 1944, P28-3; 27-28 May 1944, P28-4; 29 May-1 June 1944, P28-4; 15 September 1944, P28-8). 'LCI(R) 224' is separately credited for: Luzon/Lingayen (4-18 January 1945, P32-2); Palawan Islands landings (28 February-7 March 1945, P39-1); Visayan Islands landings (18-19 March 1945, P39-2); and Manila Bay-Bicol/Carabao Island (16 April 1945, P41-6).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-09-04 to 1945-04-16
- Population
- Ship's company across the credited operation windows
- Limitations
- Official operation-credit list, not a narrative: it establishes credited participation windows, not the ship's specific conduct within them. It does not state a formal reclassification date - it simply lists the hull under LCI(R) for operations beginning January 1945, consistent with the ship-generated documents and earlier than NavSource's 10 July 1945 reclassification date. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-08
-
[9]uboat.net, Allied Warships, 'USS LCI(L)-224 (LCI(L)-224)' vessel page [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21139 data table and 'Notable events' timeline; URL verified live 200 OK on 2026-09-29
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Corroborating vessel data sheet: LCI-1 class, built George Lawley & Sons (Neponset), laid down 23 October 1942, launched 30 November 1942, commissioned 10 December 1942; 'Reclassified as LCI(R), Landing Craft Rocket on 15 July 1945'. Operation-level detail: Task Unit 76.3.3 (LCI Unit, Western Assault Group) for the 26 December 1943 Cape Gloucester landing under Lt. W.A.P. Watkins, USNR; Hollandia/Aitape echelon R-1 departing Cape Cretin 17 April 1944; Task Unit 77.2.3 (LCI Group under COMLCIFLOT 7) for the 17 May 1944 Arara/Wadke landings under Lt.(jg) P.O. Olafsson, USNR; a 14-ship LCI(L) Flotilla 22 convoy from Langemak Bay to Humboldt Bay 5-7 August 1944; and Task Group 77.3.14 (White Beach attack force) for the 15 September 1944 Morotai landing under Lt.(jg) W.K. Bohn, USNR.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Limitations
- Well-maintained specialist naval-history database but unofficial. Its 'Ordered 3 Jun 1943' field is chronologically impossible (postdates the October 1942 laying-down) and is excluded; its 15 July 1945 reclassification date differs from NavSource's 10 July 1945 and both postdate the ship-generated LCI(R) documents (ev-03, ev-04). The August 1944 convoy entry attributes the ships to 'LCI(L) Flotilla 22' while NavSource's history text names Flotilla Seven/Group Nineteen - flotilla reassignment details are carried, not adjudicated. Commanding-officer names corroborate primary documents (Watkins on the January 1943 forwarding sheet; Bohn signing the January 1945 action report).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-09
-
[10]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton), 'George S. Lawley & Sons, Neponset MA' yard build table, Wayback Machine capture 2016-03-05 (live page removed from current site); corroborated live by Naval Marine Archive LCI(L) database page [other_primary]
- Locator
- Lawley yard table row for hull 224; archived URL verified 200 OK 2026-09-29; live corroboration https://navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/smallships/lcil.html verified 200 OK 2026-09-29
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The Lawley yard build table lists hull 224 as 'LCI(L) 224', U.S. Navy landing craft, 216 displacement tons, 158 ft, delivered/commissioned 10-Dec-42, disposition 'Later LCI(R)224, sold 1948?' - independently confirming builder, commissioning date, size, designation change, and disposal window. The Naval Marine Archive per-hull table (live) gives 'LCI(L) | R | 224 | Lawley & Sons | Neponset MA | 10-Dec-42 | To NDRF 1948'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942; 1948
- Limitations
- Secondary shipbuilding-data compilations, not the contract or launch records themselves; the yard table's 'delivered' date corresponds to the Navy commissioning date and its 'sold 1948?' is tentative (the question mark is theirs). The shipbuildinghistory.com page is no longer live - the Wayback capture is cited and labeled as an archived copy. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-10
-
[11]Naval Marine Archive (The Canadian Collection), 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) - LCI(L)' database page - class design notes and per-hull table [other_primary]
- Locator
- Page header design notes + per-hull table row 224; URL verified live 200 OK 2026-09-29
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Class-design context for the LCI(L) type: 923 LCI(L)s built by ten shipyards to a common design; the first 350 boats (which include hull 224) were 158.5 ft and 216 tons light; variants included LC(FF), LCI(G), LCI(M), LCI(D) and LCI(R) conversions. Establishes that hull 224 was one of the first-design boats built en masse to the Lawley design shared across the ten construction yards.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (program)
- Limitations
- Design- and program-level background only; it does not document any material (asbestos or otherwise) fitted to this or any specific hull. Used as class context, not a hull finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-11
-
[12]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'U.S. Coast Guard-Manned LCI(L)s - Landing Craft Infantry (Large)' roster page [other_primary]
- Locator
- USCG Historian roster page, 'List of LCI(L)s' (hulls 83-583 enumerated); verified live via firecrawl 2026-09-29 (direct automated fetch returns 403)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official USCG roster lists the 28 Coast Guard-manned LCI(L)s - hulls 83-96, 319-326, 349-350, 520, 562, 581, and 583 - and notes that Coast Guard-manned LCI(L)s nevertheless remained commissioned U.S. Navy vessels. LCI(L)-224 is absent from the roster, supporting the inference that she was Navy-crewed throughout (consistent with the USNR officer names on the muster rolls and action reports).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Ship's company (Navy crew, by inference)
- Limitations
- Absence from a roster is an inference, not a crew record: the page establishes which hulls were Coast Guard-manned, not who crewed 224. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-12
-
[13]Synthesis of primary documents: Q4-1944 muster-roll recapitulation headed 'U.S.S. LCI(R) 224' (NAID 120207449); Lingayen action report on 'USS LCI(R) 224' letterhead dated 10 January 1945 (NAID 101750021); NAVPERS LCI(R) 224 credits beginning 4 January 1945 - versus NavSource 'reclassified 10 July 1945' and uboat.net '15 July 1945' [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 120207449 Q4-1944 recapitulation sheet; NAID 101750021 image 0045 letterhead; NAVPERS Awards-IV-16 'LCI(R) 224' block; NavSource 150224 history line '10 July 1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The secondary sources' mid-1945 reclassification dates are contradicted by the ship's own paperwork: the muster-roll recapitulation for the quarter ending 31 December 1944 is already headed 'U.S.S. LCI(R) 224', the 10 January 1945 Lingayen action report is on 'USS LCI(R) 224' letterhead and describes the ship as 'this rocket gun-boat' firing 4.5-inch rocket salvos on S-Day 9 January 1945, and the official NAVPERS awards list credits 'LCI(R) 224' for operations beginning 4 January 1945. The rocket conversion and working LCI(R) designation demonstrably predate the July 1945 register dates by at least six months.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-12-31 to 1945-07-15
- Limitations
- The record does not adjudicate the discrepancy: the July 1945 dates (10 July NavSource, 15 July uboat.net) may reflect the formal designation-change order being recorded/corrected in the register, while the ship was already configured and self-identifying as a rocket craft. Where and when the physical rocket conversion was performed is not documented in the cited sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-13
-
[14]Era inference built on: NavSource/Naval Marine Archive LCI(L)-1 class specifications (twin-screw GM diesel propulsion, no steam plant); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era context (separate row); standard WWII naval-vessel outfitting practice [other_primary]
- Locator
- Synthesis row; inputs cited in ev-01 (NavSource spec block), ev-11 (class design notes), ev-15 (GAO)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- The vessel was a 158-ft diesel-powered landing craft of 1942 U.S. Navy construction - squarely inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. With no steam plant, the characteristic asbestos pathways of larger combatants (boiler and steam-line lagging, turbine insulation) do not apply; the era-consistent applications for a diesel landing craft are machinery and diesel-exhaust insulation, engine-room gaskets and flange packing, valve and pump packing, electrical insulation, and insulation felts in accommodation spaces. Asbestos presence aboard this specific hull is an era-consistent inference, not a documented fact.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Ship's company (3 officers, 21-31 enlisted class spec); embarked troops
- Limitations
- Inference only - no spec sheet, contract, survey, drawing, or crew account identifying any asbestos product aboard LCI(L)-224/LCI(R)-224 was located. The BuShips engineering-drawings file unit (ev-07) could conceivably carry material callouts but is undigitized and unexamined. LCIs were austere, mass-produced landing craft; the quantity and extent of any asbestos aboard would plausibly have been far below that of a steam-driven combatant. Does not establish quantity, exposure of any individual, causation, or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-14
-
[15]U.S. General Accounting Office, 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure', HRD-80-2 (October 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- GAO program-level documentation that asbestos insulation was used extensively aboard Navy ships during and after World War II and that the Navy did not begin limiting asbestos exposure in its shipyards until the early 1970s - establishing that this vessel's 1942 construction falls inside the Navy's asbestos-use era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1940s-1970s
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (program context)
- Limitations
- Program-level report; it does not name this hull, this class, or landing craft generally, and its fieldwork concerned shipyard workers, not crews. gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches (confirmed this session); the product-page description is the cited material, full text not pulled. Carried as era context only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-15
-
[16]Batch-5014 search ledger (this record): NavSource Amphibious Photo Archive; NARA Special List 44 (ACPL scan); NARA Catalog (muster rolls, three action reports, casualty report, BuShips drawings, formation war diaries); NAVPERS awards manual; Lawley yard table (Wayback) + Naval Marine Archive; uboat.net; USCG Historian roster; NHHC/DANFS; Naval Vessel Register; CourtListener; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming LCI(L)-224 or LCI(R)-224 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Unlike sunk sister hulls (e.g., LCI(L)-219), a survey-grade record is not implausible for this vessel - she survived the war, was decommissioned 8 February 1946, and passed to the Maritime Commission in 1948 - but none was located. The NARA records read (muster rolls, action reports) are operational/personnel documents and contain no asbestos information.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - 1942 Navy construction norms make era-typical materials plausible, and undigitized records (the BuShips drawings file, the casualty report, the deck logs themselves, post-war disposal files) were not examined. The litigation arm of this search is incomplete: four CourtListener exact-name queries completed with zero opinions ('LCI(L)-224', 'LCI(R)-224', 'USS LCI(L)-224', 'USS LCI(R)-224') while the remaining variants are logged as blocked by fleet pacing, not as negative results. This row does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-224-lcil224-16