Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 402-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-227 — source: https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/21142.html (opened and read; page title "USS LCI(L)-227 (LCI(L)-227) of the US Navy")
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-227-lcil227-pkt-402-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-227 (page 10/15/150227) - construction, commissioning, flotilla/group assignment, campaign list, specifications, photographic record [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150227.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 7 November 1942 at George Lawley & Sons Corp., Neponset MA; launched 4 December 1942; commissioned USS LCI(L)-227, 21 December 1942. WWII service assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater, LCI Flotilla Seven, LCI Group Nineteen; campaigns: Hollandia operation 21-25 April 1944; Western New Guinea operation - Noemfoor Island 2-7 July 1944, Morotai landings 15 September 1944; Leyte operation, Leyte landings 12 October-29 November 1944. Three battle stars for WWII service. Decommissioned date unknown; struck from the Naval Register 12 April 1946; sold December 1946, fate unknown. Spec block: 236 t light / 264 t landing / 419 t loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; five single 20mm guns; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted. Photographic record places the hull at Finschaven anchorage, New Guinea, 20 April 1944 (US Army Signal Corps SC259939, held at NARA); beached at Cape Sudest, New Guinea, June 1944; and in port at Redcliffe, Queensland, Australia - the latter two frames from the Frank S. Ford estate (a crew member's collection).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Nov-Dec 1942); crew (Dec 1942 - c.1945); embarked troops and demolition teams
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation - milestone dates track official records but the page credits its history text to 'USS LCI Landing Craft Infantry, Vol. II' (Turner Publishing, 1995), a veterans' commemorative volume, not a primary registry. Campaign list and battle-star count derive from Navy awards records as compiled by NavSource/Turner; the underlying NAVPERS listing was not independently fetched for this hull. Contains no asbestos content. Live page verified 2026-09-29.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-227-01
-
[3]NARA, Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (Bradley, Kurtz, et al., comp.; Washington DC, 1978) - LCI(L)-227 entry, book page 335; page image via Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center digitized-scan mirror [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List 44, book p.335 (section 'Ships with Symbol and Number Designations'), first entry on the page; ACPL display page 361
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's official logbook inventory lists LCI(L)-227 with a deck-log span of 'Dec. 21, 1942-June 30, 1945' across 4 logbooks - documenting that wartime deck logs for this hull exist in NARA custody, covering the craft from her 21 December 1942 commissioning date through 30 June 1945. The entry is listed as 'LCI(L)-227' - the (D) demolition variant is not carried in the inventory line (contrast sister LCI(L)(D)-228, listed with the (D) in the same table).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-12-21 to 1945-06-30 (coverage)
- Population
- Crew and embarked personnel reflected in wartime deck logs
- Limitations
- An inventory record, not the logs themselves: establishes that 4 logbook volumes exist for this hull in NARA custody as of the 1978 finding aid, not their contents. The logs are the primary-document lead for any hull-specific work (movements, availabilities, yard periods). Digitization status of these volumes in the NARA Catalog was not confirmed this session (catalog is JS-rendered - see search_ledger). ACPL mirror is a page-image scan of the official publication; verified against the actual scan image 2026-09-29.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-227-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LCI(L)-227 - build dates incl. ordered 31 August 1942; transcribed WWII action-report orders of battle and operation chronologies naming this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21142.html - 'Notable events' 22 Apr 1944 Hollandia order of battle (TG 77.2; Echelon R-1 Group E sailing order) and ship particulars table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Operational-record transcription places this hull in the Hollandia assault: for Operations Reckless and Persecution (amphibious landings at Hollandia and Aitape, New Guinea, 22 April 1944), LCI(L)-227 is listed under Lt.(jg) J.J. McNeilly, USNR, in the Central Attack Group (Task Group 77.2, T/Rear Admiral R.A. Fechteler); Echelon R-1 Group E - sixteen LCI(L)s including 227 plus LCI(G)s 34 and 73 - departed Cape Cretin at 1000K/17 April via Seeadler Harbour escorted by USS Stockton and subchasers SC-637, SC-648, SC-703, SC-742, SC-743, SC-981, and landed with the assault on 22 April. uboat.net separately records the hull ordered 31 August 1942.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Population
- Crew under Lt.(jg) J.J. McNeilly; embarked assault troops
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a specialist secondary compilation transcribing official operation orders and action reports - content is orders-of-battle transcription, not the underlying document; commanding-officer names and unit assignments derive from those transcriptions. No asbestos content. Live page verified 2026-09-29.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-227-03
-
[5]uboat.net, USS LCI(L)-227 - Operation Tradewind (Morotai) order of battle listing 'LCI(D)-227'; plus NavSource photo caption: 'USS LCI(D)-227 in Polloc Harbor, Philippines, May 1945' [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21142.html, '15 Sep 1944 Operation Tradewind' TG 77.3.19 entry; NavSource 10/15/150227.htm Polloc Harbor photo caption
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The '(D)emolition' designation is documented for this hull at two points: the Operation Tradewind (Morotai landings, 15 September 1944) order of battle lists 'USS LCI(D)-227 (Lt.(jg) A.S. Eskind, USNR) [D = Demolition]' as a unit of Task Group 77.3.19 with the tug USS Sonoma; and NavSource's photographic record documents 'USS LCI(D)-227 in Polloc Harbor, Philippines, May 1945,' captioning that 'the "D" designation was assigned while she carried combat demolition teams 19 and 21 throughout the invasion of Mindanao and performed various reconnaissance functions for the landing forces in March and April of 1945. In May, she reverted to her "L" designation, but still appears in at least one report that month as "LCI(D) 227."'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-09 to 1945-05
- Population
- Crew under Lt.(jg) A.S. Eskind (Sep 1944); embarked combat demolition teams 19 and 21 (Mar-Apr 1945)
- Limitations
- The designation window is unresolved: uboat.net lists her as LCI(D) in the September 1944 Morotai order of battle, while the NavSource photo caption dates the D period to March-April 1945 (Mindanao) with reversion in May - the designation may have been continuous from 1944, intermittent, or applied ad hoc in operational documents. NARA SL44 inventories the hull's logs under plain 'LCI(L)-227' with no (D) marker, so the designation never displaced the parent designation in the official logbook index. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-227-04
-
[6]USS Landing Craft Infantry National Association, 'The Journal of Arden Lee Hunt, LCI 226' (crew diary transcription, publ. 2017; Wayback capture 2026-06-12 - live site fails TLS verification, self-signed certificate) and '30 Days' (LCI(R)-337 crew account) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wayback capture 2026-06-12 of usslci.org Hunt journal (entries 19 Jan, 17 Mar, 29 Mar 1945); usslci.org/30-days/ Flotilla 7 departure list
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A wartime crew diary published by the USS LCI National Association independently places this hull in Philippine waters in early 1945: on 19 January 1945 the diarist (a signalman aboard group-mate LCI-226, Flotilla 7/Group 19) records 'We are anchored with LCI's 224, 227, 225, and LCS 27 this evening' at Leyte; on 17 March 1945 'Are still tied to pier, with LCI's 227, 337'; and on 29 March 1945 'went over on LCI 227' while on liberty at the navy base near Tacloban. The Association's '30 Days' account lists LCI-227 among the Flotilla 7 craft departing Hollandia for Leyte Gulf under Operational Plan 101-44.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-10 to 1945-04
- Population
- LCI-227 crew (Jan-Mar 1945)
- Limitations
- Veterans-association publication of a personal diary - a primary eyewitness narrative as transcribed by the Association, not an official record; dates/spellings reflect the diarist's entries ('Layte', 'Tacklogan'). Corroborates presence, not any material or exposure fact. Cited via Wayback capture: usslci.org serves a self-signed TLS certificate and fails verification from this network (confirmed 2026-09-29); the archive capture is the cited form.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-227-05
-
[7]ShipbuildingHistory (T. Colton), 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) - LCI(L)' - builder/location/delivery/disposition table and class summary; corroborated by HyperWar 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' landing-craft section (ibiblio.org) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm hull table row 227 + class summary paragraph; ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/ships-lc.html LCI(L)-1-class block
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Class and program context: 923 LCI(L)s were built by ten shipyards; the basic design used for the first 350 boats (covering hull 227) was 158.5 ft and 216 tons light displacement, with the remainder longer and heavier. Per-hull table: LCI(L)-227 - Lawley & Sons, Neponset MA, delivered 21 December 1942 (the commissioning date), disposition 'Sold 1946.' George Lawley & Sons was a long-established Neponset (Dorchester/Boston) yacht and small-vessel builder turned wartime LCI yard; its LCI(L) block spans hulls 209-249 in this table. HyperWar's official-data-derived class block gives the LCI(L)-1 class as 387 tons full load, 160 ft, 4 x 20mm, 3 officers/21 enlisted, '2 sets G.M. diesel engines; twin variable-pitch screws, 1600 BHP.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Wartime LCI construction trades across ten yards; Lawley workforce
- Limitations
- ShipbuildingHistory is a reputable private maritime-history compilation (Colton), widely used for US building records - secondary, not official. Its 'Delivery' column is contract delivery, carried here as consistent with NavSource's commissioning date. HyperWar class-block figures (160 ft, 387 t, 1,600 bhp, 3/21 complement) differ in detail from NavSource's per-hull spec block (158'5.5", 419 t loaded, 2,320 shp, 4/24) - see gaps for the conflicts. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-227-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI(L)-227 spec block (eight GM 6051-series diesels, diesel-driven generators, no steam plant); ShipbuildingHistory LCI(L) program summary (923 hulls, ten yards, 1942-45); HyperWar/BuShips-derived class data; GAO HRD-80-2 (see ev-07) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; ShipbuildingHistory class summary; era-construction practice per GAO HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- An LCI-1-class landing craft built November-December 1942 at George Lawley & Sons sits inside the wartime period when the Navy used asbestos-containing insulation, gasketing, and packing materials extensively aboard ships. As a diesel-powered craft with no steam plant, the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; era-standard applications aboard a diesel landing craft of this period were engine and diesel-exhaust lagging, machinery gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, accommodation/compartment insulation, and deck coverings - plus winch brake linings on the bow-ramp and anchor machinery.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Nov-Dec 1942); crew (1942-45); repair/maintenance trades at advanced bases (Finschaven, Hollandia, Leyte); any disposal-yard workers (1946-47)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, specification sheet, or work package located for LCI(L)-227. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. The 158-ft landing craft carried far less insulation scope than a steam combatant, but the confined crew spaces and machinery room present the same material-exposure geometry per installed component. Does not establish individual exposure or any present-day material condition.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-227-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942) and service era (1942-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-09-29) - content via product-page description, consistent with prior batches.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-227-08
-
[10]Batch-5017 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NARA Special List 44 scan (ACPL mirror); uboat.net action-report transcriptions; USS LCI National Association journal/story pages (via Wayback); ShipbuildingHistory; HyperWar Ships of the U.S. Navy; CourtListener API v4 (opinion + docket); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-227-01 through -15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-227 / LCI(D)-227 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned zero hits for the exact designation in both opinion and docket indexes and zero hits for the 'LCI-227' variant in the opinion index; the looser variants 'LCI(L) 227' and 'LCI 227' were attempted repeatedly but blocked by the fleet pacing throttle - logged as blocked, not as results. Hull-number-only landing craft are near-absent from asbestos dockets and even from law-firm marketing ship lists - no 'asbestos aboard LCI(L)-227' marketing claim was even encountered to exclude.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942 steel landing craft of this program is era-consistent with asbestos-containing gaskets, packing, and insulation. Litigation coverage is partial: the exact designation is fully cleared (opinion + docket indexes), but two looser spelling variants went unsearched under fleet throttling - residual collision risk is low because hull-number-only landing craft rarely appear in pleadings. The four deck-log volumes inventoried in SL44 (not digitization-verified) are the open primary-document lead. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-227-09