Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]research packet 402-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (identity); builder/dates UNVERIFIABLE — real identity: USS LCI(L)-228 — source: named as "USS LCI(L)-228 (Lt.(jg) W.A. Steiger, USNR)" in Task Group 77.2, Hollandia landings, 22 Apr 1944, on the opened-and-read pages https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/21142.html and https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/21144.html (both list the same force composition)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-228-lcil228-pkt-402-packet-md
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[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-228 - construction milestones, disposal, battle stars, campaign list, spec block [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource hull page, 'LCI-1 Class' header through specifications
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity, construction, and disposal (verbatim from live page): 'LCI-1 Class Landing Craft Infantry (Large): Laid down, 13 November 1942, at George Lawley & Sons Corp., Neponset, MA; Launched, 18 December 1942; Commissioned USS LCI(L)-228, 23 December 1942; Decommissioned, date unknown; Struck from the Naval Register, 12 April 1946; Sold, 2 December 1946; Fate, unknown. LCI(L)-228 earned four battle stars for World War II service.' Campaigns listed: Hollandia operation (21-25 April 1944); Western New Guinea operations incl. Biak (27 May-1 June 1944); Leyte landings (12 October-2 November 1944); Luzon operation / Mindoro landings (12 October-18 December 1944). Assignments: LCI Flotilla Seven, LCI Group Nineteen, Asiatic-Pacific. Spec block: displacement 236 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; length 158'5.5"; beam 23'3"; complement 4 officers, 24 enlisted; troops 6 officers, 182 enlisted; cargo 75 t.; armament five single 20mm; propulsion two sets of four GM 6051 Series 71 diesels, four per shaft, single GM reduction gears, two diesel-drive 30 kW 120 V DC generators, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- crew and embarked troops (1942-1945)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation (NavSource) - no DANFS/NHHC entry exists for this hull to corroborate milestones. Commissioning date conflicts with uboat.net (26 Dec 1942); decommissioning date and post-sale fate unknown. Spec block unverified against a primary source. Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-228-01
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[3]NARA Special List 44, 'Ships Data' - deck-log inventory line for LCI(L)(D)-228; canonical NARA PDF verified live; RG 24 Entry 118 holding context from NARA deck-log overview [other_primary]
- Locator
- SL-44 PDF p.15, LCI(L)(D) block; NARA deck-log overview for RG 24 E118
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 (Ships Data, deck-log inventory), PDF page 15, line: 'LCI(L)(D)-228 12/26/1942 6/30/1945' - Navy deck logs for this hull exist in NARA custody (RG 24, Entry 118 per NARA's deck-log overview) covering 26 December 1942 through 30 June 1945. Logs are not among NARA's digitized Navy deck logs (checked online index 2026-09-29); consultation is in-person/Pullman only.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-12-26 to 1945-06-30
- Population
- crew of record in logs (1942-1945)
- Limitations
- Inventories log coverage only - does not establish commissioning, decommissioning, or uninterrupted service dates, and the logs themselves were not read (not digitized). The 'LCI(L)(D)' filing reflects NARA's combined designation convention, not a formal redesignation record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-228-02
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[4]Seventh Amphibious Force Command History 1943-1945 (official USN command history), Annex task-organization charts C-28, C-38, C-39, C-42 - transcribed facsimiles at HyperWar/ibiblio [other_primary]
- Locator
- Annex page, charts C-28 (Cebu), C-38 (Victor Five), C-39 (Tarakan), C-42 (Brunei)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official Seventh Amphibious Force Command History task-organization charts (ComPhibFor7, 1945; HyperWar/ibiblio transcription) designate this hull LCI(D) 228 in demolition/beach-support units for four operations: Cebu ('VICTOR TWO'), 26 March 1945 - TU 78.2.11 Demolition Party, 'LCI(D) 228' (chart C-28); Malabang-Parang-Cotabato ('VICTOR FIVE'), 17-18 April 1945 - Demolition Unit 'LCI(D) 228' (chart C-38); Tarakan ('OBOE ONE'), 1-3 May 1945 - TU 78.1.34 Demolition Unit, 'LCI(D) 29(F), 228' with NCDU 2, 3, 20, 24 (chart C-39); Brunei Bay ('OBOE SIX'), 10-17 June 1945 - TU 78.1.38 White (Beach) Support Unit listing 'LCI(D) 228; NCDU 2, 8' (chart C-42).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-03-26 to 1945-06-17
- Population
- crew and embarked UDT/NCDU personnel (March-June 1945)
- Limitations
- Charts verified by direct reading of the facsimile images; they document task-organizational assignment as LCI(D) 228, not the date or scope of the (L)-to-(D) conversion. Brunei unit number differs from the uboat.net action-report transcription (TU 78.1.38 White Beach Support Unit vs TU 78.1.35 Demolition Unit) - see gaps. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-228-03
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[5]uboat.net Allied Warships: USS LCI(D)-228 (LCI(L)-228) - ship data table and embedded action-report transcriptions for the 1945 demolition-unit operations [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship page, data table and 'Commands listed' / event transcriptions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net Allied Warships record: 'USS LCI(D)-228' / LCI(L)-228, LCI 1 class, George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, Massachusetts; ordered 31 August 1942; laid down 13 November 1942; launched 18 December 1942; commissioned 26 December 1942; sold 2 December 1946. Action-report transcriptions name Lt. (jg) R.W. Kearns, USNR, commanding during the 1945 demolition operations (Cebu, Tarakan, Brunei).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- crew (1942-1946)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation - commissioning date (26 Dec 1942) conflicts with NavSource (23 Dec 1942); Cebu event header date (24 Mar) conflicts with its own embedded action text and the official chart (26 Mar). Officer name rests on transcribed action reports, not verified against originals. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-228-04
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[6]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block (diesel plant, generators, 1942 construction dates); official Seventh Amphibious Force command history (in-service 1942-1945); GAO HRD-80-2 for Navy-wide asbestos-program era context [other_primary]
- Locator
- synthesis of ev-01 spec block + ev-03 service record + ev-06 GAO era context
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Class/era inference only: a welded-steel LCI-1 class landing craft built November-December 1942 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA, with a twin-shaft General Motors diesel plant (8x GM 6051 Series 71 engines, 2,320 shp) and diesel-driven 30 kW ship-service generators. Era-standard asbestos applications for a small diesel amphibious craft: exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and limited thermal insulation. No steam plant - no boiler or turbine lagging pathway. No ship-specific asbestos record exists in the sources searched.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- construction trades at Lawley Neponset (Nov-Dec 1942); crew and embarked personnel (1942-1946)
- Limitations
- Inference only - not evidence that asbestos was aboard this hull. LCIs were small welded-steel diesel craft with materially less lagging than steam-powered vessels; no LCI-specific material schedule located. Does not support 'documented aboard this hull' wording.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-228-05
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[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (October 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO report 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure' (HRD-80-2, 18 October 1979) documents that the Navy used asbestos-containing materials extensively and that worker-protection efforts lagged - era context for a 1942-built naval craft.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- WWII era through 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard and industrial workforce (report scope)
- Limitations
- GAO landing page identified by title; full text not retrievable this session (gao.gov returns 403 to automated fetches). Program-level context only - says nothing about this hull or the LCI class.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-228-06
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[8]Batch-5018 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (no entry); NVR (no page); NARA SL44 (logs inventoried, not digitized); NavSource, HyperWar 7thAmphib, uboat.net (service history only); CourtListener (partial - 3 opinions queries 0 hits, remainder blocked by fleet pacing) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger sl-01 through sl-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No ship-specific asbestos documentation located for this hull in any source searched: no DANFS/NHHC entry exists, no Naval Vessel Register page (LCI-type landing craft are not individually carried on the modern NVR), deck logs inventoried but not digitized, no asbestos survey/abatement/contract record, and three completed CourtListener opinions queries ('LCI(D)-228', 'USS LCI(L)-228', 'LCI(L)(D)-228') each returned zero hits with remaining variant and docket-side queries fleet-paced. Marketing and law-firm sites that name LCI-class craft as asbestos-bearing offer no primary sourcing and were excluded.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-present
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos - no deck log, shipyard file, or abatement record was physically reviewed; undigitized SL44 logs and Lawley yard records were not consulted. Litigation coverage partial (fleet-paced CourtListener) - status open, not a negative result.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-228-07
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[9]Cross-check across NavSource hull page, Seventh Amphibious Force command-history task-org charts, uboat.net ship record, and NARA SL44 line [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 150228 campaign list; HyperWar charts C-28/C-38/C-39/C-42; SL44 PDF p.15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Designation cross-check: NavSource files the hull only as USS LCI(L)-228 (LCI-1 class) with no displayed redesignation; official 1945 task-organization charts and uboat.net designate her LCI(D) 228 (demolition support craft); NARA SL44 inventories logs as LCI(L)(D)-228. No formal redesignation/conversion order located - the (D) employment is documented operationally from 26 March 1945 onward while the December 1944 Mindoro operation is still styled LCI(L) in NavSource's campaign listing.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-12 to 1945-06 (conversion window bracket)
- Limitations
- Bracketing inference: conversion window 'between December 1944 and March 1945' derives from contrasting campaign/task-org styling, not from a conversion document; SL44's combined 'LCI(L)(D)' filing may reflect NARA cataloging convention rather than an official designation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-228-08