Evidence
23 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-23).
-
[1]research packet 402-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (identity, thinnest evidence in clutch); builder/dates UNVERIFIABLE — real identity: USS LCI(L)-232 — source: Wikipedia USN LCI list [snippet] lists USS LCI(L)-232; the list runs as an unbroken commissioned series 209–237, and 232 sits inside it with no cancellation note (unlike cancelled blocks 49–60, 137–160, 197–208, which the list explicitly flags)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (identity, thinnest evidence in clutch); builder/dates UNVERIFIABLE
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-pkt-402-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-232 page (navsource.net/archives/10/15/150232.htm) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Page history block, campaign table, disposition block, class specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- USS LCI(L)-232, an LCI-1 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large), was laid down in November 1942 and launched in December 1942 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; commissioned USS LCI(L)-232 on 15 January 1943. Assigned to the Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater: Tunisian operations 27 March-9 July 1943; Sicilian occupation 9-15 July 1943; Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings 22 and 27 January 1944; Invasion of Normandy 6 June 1944. Lost to enemy action 6 June 1944 (page body); struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; earned four battle stars. NavSource carries no photographs of the hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archive consistent on every overlapping field with NARA records read this session. Page defect: the header graphic reads 'Lost to enemy action, 6 August 1944' while the body says 6 June 1944 — the body date is corroborated by NHHC and all other sources (see correction row ev-18). Page contains no asbestos, materials, or insulation information. Returns HTTP 406 to plain curl (bot-blocking) — live-verified via Firecrawl.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-01
-
[3]Naval History and Heritage Command, 'Casualties: Navy and Coast Guard Ships' (WWII listing by ship, landing craft section) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Alphabetical landing-craft entries, 'USS LCI(L)-232' line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC's official casualty list states verbatim: 'USS LCI(L)-232 sunk off northern France, 6 June 1944.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- One-line official loss entry — establishes date and the fact of loss only; cause (mine) and location detail come from the NARA action reports (ev-09 through ev-12). 'Off northern France' is consistent with the Cardonnet Bank/Utah Beach position in the primary reports. history.navy.mil blocks plain curl — live-verified via Firecrawl.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, 'USS LCI(L)-232 (LCI(L)-232)' vessel page (ship/21149) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Vessel data table: Ordered / Built by / Laid down / Launched / Commissioned / History fields
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net's compiled record gives: ordered 31 August 1942; laid down 8 December 1942; launched 9 January 1943; commissioned 15 January 1943; built by George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, Massachusetts; lost off Normandy, France, 6 June 1944.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Limitations
- Curated secondary compilation of official records. Its exact laid-down (8 Dec 1942) and launched (9 Jan 1943) dates conflict with NavSource's month-only figures (Nov 1942 / Dec 1942) and are not independently verified against Lawley yard records — carried here as attributed compilation values only. Commissioning and loss dates agree with all other sources. No asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-03
-
[5]ShipbuildingHistory compilation (mirrored at Naval Marine Archive): 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) - LCI(L)' master table and 'George S. Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA' yard list [other_primary]
- Locator
- lcil.html row for LCI(L)-232; lawley.html LCI(L) production table (Neponset run)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Shipbuilder compendium tables record LCI(L)-232 as built by Lawley & Sons, George, Neponset MA, with disposition 'Lost off Normandy 6-Jun-44'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary tables of official construction/disposal data, consistent with NavSource, uboat.net, and NHHC on every overlapping field. No asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-04
-
[6]NAVPERS 15,790 awards list, transcribed at HyperWar (ibiblio.org), Awards-IV-16 landing-craft section [other_primary]
- Locator
- LCI(L)-232 rows in the engagement-star eligibility table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NAVPERS 15,790 (Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual engagement list) credits LCI(L)-232 with five engagement lines: E1-3 (Tunisian operations) 27 March-9 July 1943; E2 (Sicilian occupation) 9-15 July 1943; E4-1 (West coast of Italy / Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings) 22 January 1944 and 27 January 1944; E5 (Invasion of Normandy) 6-25 June 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Limitations
- Official engagement-eligibility tabulation (transcribed copy at HyperWar). Carries no Salerno entry for this hull although her own action report documents the 9 September 1943 landing (ev-07) — a listing-coverage observation, not a contradiction. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-05
-
[7]NARA, 'LCI(L) 232 - Muster Rolls' file unit, NAID 120207225 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, RG 24 — digitized roll set) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Recapitulation sheet (image 2 of file); Report of Changes sheets for periods ending 1 June and 6 June 1944 (final images of the file unit)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The ship's own muster rolls survive at NARA (41-page digitized file). The recapitulation sheet of USS LCI(L) 232 is stamped 'COMMISSIONED - JAN. 15 1943' and shows 21 enlisted received during the first quarter. The ship's final Report of Changes (NAVPERS 665-B), covering the period ending 6 June 1944 and signed by Executive Officer Lt.(jg) Dominic G. Parisi, USNR, gives the official disposition of 25 named enlisted casualties: thirteen missing in action or missing/dead — Johnson and Penawell interred at VII Corps Cemeteries No. 1 and No. 2, St. Mere Eglise, the remainder declared killed in action 30 March 1945 — and twelve wounded survivors transferred to Army general hospitals and U.S. naval hospitals; a separate change sheet records the 1 June 1944 rating advances of Haire and Kelly. RM1c Norvie B. Tinney is recorded: 'Wounded in action 6/6/44; Died in Army evacuation plane in Stephensville, Newfoundland, 7/26/44.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1944 coverage
- Population
- Crew of USS LCI(L)-232 (muster roll; 25 named casualty dispositions June 1944)
- Limitations
- Primary personnel records read at image level this session — 6 of 41 images examined (transmittal/recapitulation sheet and the June 1944 Report of Changes set); the intervening monthly rolls were not individually read. Enlisted sheet shown covers casualties only — the surviving-crew complement and the officer muster page were not examined. Personnel record, not an asbestos or materials record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-06
-
[8]NARA, 'COM LST FLOT 2 - War Diary' file (Serial 021 chain), NAID 139967888 — containing the LCI(L)-232 action report at file p. 49 with group and force endorsements (pp. 50-51) [other_primary]
- Locator
- File pages 47-51: group cover-letter enclosure list ('LCI(L) 232 - p. 49'); report body p. 49 (dated 12 September 1943); First Endorsement 13 September 1943 (p. 50); Eighth Amphibious Force Second Endorsement 21 December 1943 (p. 51)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- LCI(L)-232's own Salerno action report survives: her commanding officer (Howard J. Stanley, signature) reported that the craft left anchorage at Palermo with Task Group 85.1.3 at 0300 on 8 September 1943 in convoy FSF-1X, joined convoy FSS-2, weathered enemy air attacks en route, and 'beached at 0335, Sept. 9. Lost stern anchor going in to beach. All troops were off safely at 0350. Withdrew from beach without aid of stern anchor immediately afterwards.' Endorsements describe it as the 'LCI(L) 232 Avon report' (AVALANCHE/Salerno), forwarded via Commander LCI(L) Group Six and Commander Task Unit 85.1.3; the Eighth Amphibious Force second endorsement states 'The LCI(L)s performed their assigned tasks in a creditable manner during the AVALANCHE Operation.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops of LCI(L)-232, Salerno 9 September 1943
- Limitations
- Ship's own wartime report, read at image level. Minor clerical discrepancy: report dated 12 September 1943, group endorsement describes it as 'dated 13 Sept. 1943'. Establishes Salerno participation and command identity at that date (Stanley); contains no materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-07
-
[9]NARA, LCI(L) Flotilla Two war diaries — 'COM LCI(L) FLOT 2 - War Diary, 1/1-2/29/44' NAID 78343958 and 'COM LCI(L) FLOT 2 - War Diary, 3/1-31/44' NAID 78383252 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 78343958 officer-assignment section (image 0816); NAID 78383252 officer-movements section (image 0799) and narrative (images 0797-0800)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- LCI(L) Flotilla Two war diaries document the craft's unit assignment and officer movements. The January-February 1944 diary officer roster lists 'Howard J. STANLEY, D-V(S), LCI(L) 232' (and records the loss of sister craft LCI(L)-32 at Anzio). The March 1944 diary (Serial 022, dated 1 April 1944, Flotilla Two 'a unit of Task Group 81.6' working Anzio follow-ups with ships based at Pozzuoli) records: Lt.(jg) Frank H. Tinkler, Engineering Officer of US LCI(L) 232, detached and ordered to the U.S. as a prospective commanding officer; and 'Ens. Robert G. Huskisson, D-V(G), USNR (256981) from Watch Officer US LCI(L) 13 to US LCI(L) 232 as Engineering Officer.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Flotilla Two LCI(L) crews; named -232 officers (Stanley, Tinkler, Huskisson)
- Limitations
- Primary unit records read at image level. Diaries establish Flotilla Two membership and spring-1944 officer moves; they do not state who held command of -232 on 6 June 1944 (see gaps). Personnel/administrative records — no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-08
-
[10]NARA, 'COMTASK-UNIT 125.5.3 - Rep of Ops in the Invasion of Normandy, France, 6/5-11/44' (action report of 16 September 1944 with endorsements), NAID 139744228 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Report narrative pp. 1-2 (images 0430-0431) and casualty enclosure 'LCI(L) 232' list (image 0433); endorsement chain following
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The commander of the craft's own task unit documented her loss. The Task Unit 125.5.3 action report (dated 16 September 1944, Lt. Comdr. R. E. Newbegin, USNR) records that the unit — LCI(L)s 11, 211-219, 229, 231, 232 and 419 from Plymouth plus LCI(L)s 3, 4, 5, 8, 325, 326, 349, 350 joining at Salcombe, in convoy U-1B — got underway 1430 on 5 June 1944. After all ships 'successfully disembarked army personnel in LCMs about 1000 yards off Red Beach... In returning to the Transport Area, the LCI(L) 232 detonated a mine on the Cardonnet Bank and sank within five minutes.' The report's casualty enclosure lists for LCI(L) 232: KNOWN DEAD: NONE; MISSING (14) — Ensign Robert G. Huskisson and thirteen enlisted; WOUNDED SURVIVORS (15) — Lt.(jg) William R. Watson, Ensign Dominic G. Parisi and thirteen enlisted. It adds that Ensign Mueller of LCI(L) 216 'has been commended for heroism in rescuing survivors of the LCI(L) 232,' that five vessels were mined in the channel on D-Day and three more later (channel over the Cardonnet Bank closed to traffic D+5), and that sister craft LCI(L) 219 was sunk by a near bomb miss at 0400 on 11 June.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- LCI(L)-232 crew and embarked troops at loss; 14 missing (later KIA), 15 wounded survivors per enclosure
- Limitations
- Primary unit action report read at image level — the authoritative loss account. Written on LCI(L) Flotilla 18/Group 53 letterhead (the task-unit HQ), though -232 administratively belonged to Flotilla Two (ev-08); Newbegin himself 'resumed duty as Acting Commander, LCI(L) Flotilla TWO, 17 June 1944' per the same report. 'Missing (14)' matches the muster-roll dispositions (ev-06) and the association KIA list (ev-13). Wounded/missing names contain minor clerical variants between documents (FLIGHT/FLYNT, PIARENTINO/PIACENTINO). No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-09
-
[11]NARA, 'USS LCI(L) 211 - Rep of Ops in the Invasion of Normandy, France, 6/5-7/44', NAID 139746361 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Report narrative, page 1 (image 0099)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- USS LCI(L)-211's own action report (dated 8 August 1944) is an eyewitness record: 'At 1235 LCI(L)-232, located three ships astern of this vessel in column, was hit by an enemy mine. This vessel turned about and picked up the following survivors at 1242:' — Toll, Newman, Rowe, Piarentino, Haire and Flight (six men, listed with rates and service numbers) — 'These survivors were placed aboard USS LST 281 at 1350.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Six named LCI(L)-232 survivors rescued by LCI(L)-211
- Limitations
- Primary eyewitness record read at image level. Its 1235 mine-hit time conflicts with the ~1255 times in the -214/-215 reports (ev-11, ev-12) — reported here as written, discrepancy logged in gaps. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-10
-
[12]NARA, 'USS LCI(L) 214 - Report of Operations, 5-7 June 1944', NAID 78548886 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Report narrative pp. 1-2 (images 0182-0183)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- USS LCI(L)-214's own action report (dated 20 July 1944, on Flotilla Two/Group Five letterhead; the craft carried 177 officers and men of Headquarters Troops, 12th Infantry, 4th Division, VII Corps) states: 'At 1255, U.S.S. LCI(L) #232, distance approximately one-half mile astern of this ship hit a large mine, and started sinking rapidly. This ship proceeded back to the LCI(L) #232 at flank speed. The U.S.S. LCI(L) #211 and U.S.S. LCI(L) #216 also put about... This ship picked up from a life raft Earl T. PADGETT, MoMM2c and Richard LOFTISS, SM1c, both very seriously injured; also, F.J. MUELLER, Ens., USNR, of the U.S.S. LCI(L) #216. The prompt and courageous action of Ensign Mueller, at the risk of his own life, undoubtedly saved the lives of the two injured men. We then proceeded to the U.S.S. LST #281 (Hospital Evacuation Ship) and put all casualties aboard.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- LCI(L)-232 casualties rescued by LCI(L)-214 (Padgett, Loftiss); Ens. F.J. Mueller (LCI(L)-216)
- Limitations
- Primary eyewitness record read at image level. Establishes that -232 carried troops of the same assault echelon (-214's own load: 177 men, 12th Infantry HQ troops — class capacity ~182). Records the author's criticism that a Coast Guard rescue craft initially 'did nothing toward rescuing several men' — a single-officer perspective noted here for completeness. Time (1255) conflicts with -211's 1235; reported as written. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-11
-
[13]NARA, 'USS LCI(L) 215 - Rep of Ops in the Invasion of Normandy, France, 6/2-13/44', NAID 139746369 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Report narrative, para. 4 (image 0109)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- USS LCI(L)-215's own action report records that her ship proceeded 'in company with the Nineteenth Wave through swept channel to a point' off Uncle Red Beach and that, en route to the unloading point, 'USS LCI(L) 232 was sunk by an underwater explosion some 1000 yards astern at 1255B.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Primary eyewitness record read at image level; the distance figure is faint in the carbon copy (OCR ambiguous) — '1000 yards' is the best reading and is consistent with -214's 'one-half mile'. Independently confirms underwater explosion and the 1255 time. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-12
-
[14]USS Landing Craft Infantry National Association — 'Honor, Valor, Sacrifice' casualty table (usslci.org/honor-valor-sacrifice/); 'In Memorial' PDF; Elsie Item No. 105 article (usslci.org); Elsie Item No. 75 via yumpu.com mirror [other_primary]
- Locator
- Casualty table LCI(L)-232 row and KIA name list; In-Memorial.pdf LCI(L)-232 block; usslci.org/not-all-lci-casualties-occurred-during-the-landings/; yumpu Elsie Item 75 pp. 8-12
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The USS LCI National Association's casualty table records: LCI(L)-232, sunk 6 June 1944, ETO, Normandy, 'Sunk by naval mine', with fourteen KIA named (Dague, Ellis, Glover, Henke, Huskisson, Johnson, Kelley, Mett, Penawell, Petricca, Rector, Shroves, Souza, Weinstein). The association's memorial PDF and its Elsie Item No. 105 article repeat the loss account: the craft was transferred to England as part of Flotilla 2, struck a mine off Utah Beach, 'fourteen members of her crew and her skipper were lost,' and LCI(L)s 214 and 211 'took aboard over 100 soldiers and crew'; the Item 105 piece covers RM1c Norvie Tinney, who was wounded 6 June and later lost in the July 1944 evacuation-plane crash. John France's 'They Gave Their All: The Loss of LCIs 232 and 219' (Elsie Item No. 75, May 2011, pp. 8-12) is the association's fuller account, drawing on the Flotilla Two war diary and the 16 September 1944 after-action report.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- LCI(L)-232 crew; fourteen named KIA plus wounded survivor Tinney (later aircraft-crash fatality)
- Limitations
- Veterans-association secondary compilation — its 14-name KIA roster matches the official missing list in the CTU 125.5.3 report (ev-09) and the muster-roll dispositions (ev-06) with minor name variants ('Roger Huskisson' vs official 'Robert G. Huskisson'; 'Shroves' vs 'SHREVES'; 'Kelley' vs 'KELLY'). 'Over 100 soldiers and crew' rescued is an association figure not tallied in the official reports read; 'her skipper' lost is consistent with Ens. Huskisson heading the missing list but the official documents do not state his billet at loss — both flagged in gaps. The association itself cautions its roster may not be complete. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-13
-
[15]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'U.S. Coast Guard-Manned LCI(L)s — Landing Craft Infantry (Large)' (history.uscg.mil) [other_primary]
- Locator
- List of LCI(L)s section — hull-by-hull roster; narrative of Flotillas 4/10/35
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The U.S. Coast Guard's official roster of Coast Guard-manned LCI(L)s lists 28 hulls (LCI(L)-83 through -96, -319 through -326, -349, -350, -520, -562, -581, -583). LCI(L)-232 is not on it — the craft was Navy-manned, consistent with her documented LCI(L) Flotilla Two assignment (a Navy flotilla).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Limitations
- A negative datum: absence from the Coast Guard roster establishes Navy manning only; it does not itself document the flotilla assignment (that rests on the Flotilla Two war diaries, ev-08). Page returns 403 to plain curl but is live for browsers/Firecrawl. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-14
-
[16]NPS National Register of Historic Places nomination/continuation sheet, USS LCI-713 (NRHP 07000300, listed 2007-04-12) — engineering description of the class plant; NavSource LCI-1 class specifications block [nps]
- Locator
- NRHP 07000300 continuation sheet, engineering-significance and compartment-description sections; class spec block at navsource.net/archives/10/15/150232.htm
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Class and era inference only: the LCI-1 class carried a diesel plant — two sets of four General Motors series-71 engines (eight total) with twin variable-pitch propellers — with no boilers or steam system. The National Register nomination for sister ship USS LCI-713 (same builder, George Lawley & Sons, Neponset) describes the class internal arrangement: engine room with eight GM 6-71 diesels in two banks of four, an engine exhaust system with both above-water and underwater runs, and a gasoline-motored winch for the bow ramp. For a 1942 steel combatant of this type, era-consistent asbestos applications were engine exhaust lagging and machinery insulation, gaskets and valve packing, electrical insulation, winch/ramp-machinery brake and clutch linings, and deck coverings — insulation products of this era commonly contained asbestos fiber.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Population
- Construction trades (George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, 1942); engine-room and deck crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Class/design documentation, not a hull record: the NRHP nomination describes sister ship LCI-713 and nowhere states 'asbestos' for any component — asbestos presence aboard LCI(L)-232 is era inference, not ship-proven. Does not establish quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation; the hull lies as a wreck off Normandy since 1944.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-15
-
[17]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during World War II — the era and program under which this LCI-1 class landing craft was mass-produced — and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard Navy and merchant-type hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. DOI resolves for human browsers; returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches (bot-blocking), so content verified via abstract/secondary access.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-16
-
[18]U.S. General Accounting Office, 'Status of Navy's Program to Reduce Potential Health and Safety Risks From Asbestos Exposure' (HRD-80-2, 1979) — product page [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (title/abstract level)
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- GAO report HRD-80-2 documents U.S. Navy use of asbestos insulation in ship construction and overhaul of the era, the government program context in which this 1942 landing craft was built.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- Report 1979; era covered includes 1940s construction
- Population
- Navy ship crews and shipyard workers (program context)
- Limitations
- Program-level Navy documentation; does not name this vessel or any LCI(L), and establishes only that asbestos insulation was Navy-standard in the era. gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches — product-page description used; full-text pull remains an open lead. No ship-specific claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-17
-
[19]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-232 page — header vs body discrepancy; NHHC casualties page (ev-02) for the controlling date [other_primary]
- Locator
- Header graphic vs 'Lost to enemy action, 6 June 1944' body line
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source defect on the NavSource vessel page: the header graphic states 'Lost to enemy action, 6 August 1944' while the page's own body text reads 'Lost to enemy action, 6 June 1944'. The 6 June 1944 date is the correct one — it is confirmed by NHHC's official casualty entry, by the NAVPERS engagement list, by the CTU 125.5.3 and LCI(L)-211/-214/-215 primary action reports, by the shipbuilder compendium, by uboat.net, and by the USS LCI National Association records. The August header is a typographical error in the page decoration.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Documents and resolves a one-source internal contradiction; the correction is supported by six independent sources. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-18
-
[20]U.S. National Archives, Special List 44, list by ship number (sl-44-ship-number.pdf); NARA 'Logbooks of the US Navy at the National Archives' page (RG 24, Entry 118, NAID 581208) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf p. 22 — adjacent rows 'LCI(L)-231' and 'LCI(L)-233' with no -232 entry
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 (List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947), ship-number volume, contains no LCI(L)-232 row — the inventory runs directly from LCI(L)-231 (1/1/1944-11/15/1944) to LCI(L)-233 (7/13/1943-6/30/1945). No deck-log series for this hull is inventoried, consistent with the craft's total loss at sea on 6 June 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- Inventory compiled 1978; would cover 1943-1944
- Limitations
- An index-level absence only: it does not prove no logbooks or operational records ever existed (the muster rolls, action reports, and flotilla diaries above are the surviving alternatives). No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-19
-
[21]NARA, 'COMTG 81.3 - Amphibious Ops Anzio-Nettuno area, report of' file unit, NAID 78391578 (LSTG-3/A16-3, Serial 046, 17 April 1944) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Composition paragraph (image 0423) and craft tables (image 0428); full 28-image unit OCR-checked for '232'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Checked the TG 81.3 report of amphibious operations in the Anzio-Nettuno area for January 1944 (NARA): its Red Beach craft composition lists twenty-nine LCI(L)s by number — 217, 213, 218, 214, 212, 215, 216, 12, 2, 13, 11, 211, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 3, 4, 47, 36, 37, 194, 195, 33, 5, 8, 32 — and LCI(L)-232 is not among them. Her credited Anzio engagements (NAVPERS E4-1, 22 and 27 January) therefore fell under another task organization, most plausibly a follow-up echelon; the specific assignment is unresolved in the records read.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Read at image level across the file unit. Absence from TG 81.3's Red Beach list does not contradict the NAVPERS star eligibility — it localizes her January 1944 landings to another formation (the specific group not identified; see gaps). No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-20
-
[22]Batch-5023 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NHHC; uboat.net; NARA catalog plus eight file units read at image level; NAVPERS awards; shipbuilder compendium; USS LCI National Association; NPS NRHP 07000300; USCG Historian's Office roster; Special List 44; NVR; GAO; AJIM [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-31
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, government materials record, or qualifying case naming LCI(L)-232 was found in the public and archival sources searched (see search_ledger). The sole official materials-adjacent record consulted for the type — the NRHP nomination for Lawley-built sister LCI-713 — describes the plant and compartments without any asbestos or insulation-material statement. CourtListener authenticated searches returned zero results for the exact quoted hull designations "LCI(L)-232", "LCI-232", and "LCI 232" (opinions) and "LCI(L)-232" (dockets/RECAP); the unquoted query returned 582 token-collision hits (LCI International/Communications telecom litigation and unrelated docket-number tokens) — all name collisions, none referencing the landing craft or asbestos.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard — a steel combatant built in 1942 is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. CourtListener coverage is complete for the searched designations (three quoted opinion sweeps + one docket sweep, all zero; one unquoted sweep all-collisions) — negative for the searched corpus, not proof no filing anywhere could name the hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-21
-
[23]NARA catalog file units NAID 120207225, 120249473, 139744228, 78620084, 78558959; Mystic Seaport Museum Collections & Research, Lawley Family Collection (coll 279) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog file-unit descriptions; research.mysticseaport.org/coll/coll279/ (collection scope note)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads not fully exploited this session: (a) the remaining ~35 images of the muster-roll file (NAID 120207225) — monthly rolls and the officer page may settle the commanding-officer identity at loss and the full surviving-crew list; (b) 'LCI(L) Flotilla 2 - Muster Rolls' file unit (NAID 120249473) — flotilla-level personnel records naming this hull; (c) Mystic Seaport Museum coll. 279 (Lawley Family Collection) — George Lawley & Son business papers that may document materials and labor for the Neponset LCI run; (d) further CTU 125.5.3/TG 125.5 enclosure correspondence in NAID 139744228 and the COMTASK-GROUP 125.5 report (NAID 78620084) and COM 19th WAVE report (NAID 78558959), which may carry additional loss/rescue detail.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1945 records
- Limitations
- Record-group/file-unit mapping only — partial image-level retrieval performed for the first item only; existence of asbestos-specific documents in these series is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-232-lcil232-22