Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]research packet 403-packet.md (4 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (mirror-sourced; no primary-source page located)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (mirror-sourced; no primary-source page located)
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-233-lcil233-pkt-403-packet-md
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[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(G)-233 ex-USS LCI(L)-233 - construction timeline, campaign table, awards, specifications, post-war Formosa/China photographic record, disposal [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150233.htm header block, campaign table, awards ribbons, specifications block, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI-1 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 13 December 1942 at George Lawley and Sons, Neponset, MA; launched 13 January 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-233, 20 January 1943. EAME Theater campaigns: Sicilian occupation 9-15 July 1943; Salerno landings 9-21 September 1943; Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings 22 January, 5, 13, 28-29 February 1944; Elba and Pianosa landings 17 June 1944; Invasion of Southern France 15 August-25 September 1944 - four battle stars. Redesignated LCI(G)-233, 15 July 1945. Navy Occupation Service Medal 24 October-16 November 1945; China Service Medal (extended) 13 December 1945-12 June 1946. Photo record places her at Saei, Formosa circa 13 December 1945-1 April 1946 with LCI(G)-195, -220, -234; Shanghai 11 January 1946 (assumed); Tsingtao June 1946. Decommissioned and struck, dates unknown; transferred to Republic of China 7 February 1948; fate unknown.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-48); embarked infantry (up to 188 troops per landing cycle)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation - the page credits its history to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II (Turner Publishing, 1995) - not a primary registry; milestone dates track NVR/DANFS conventions but are not independently verified against them. Decommission and strike dates are explicitly 'unknown' in this source. No asbestos or material content. The Saei/Shanghai/Tsingtao photo captions are the post-war physical-presence record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-233-lcil233-01
-
[3]NHHC, Navy Department Library: 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (official wartime fleet organization listing) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945, LCI(L) GROUP 111 / LCI(L) DIVISION 221 block (printed p. 85 area)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization lists 'LCI 233' under LCI(L) GROUP 111, LCI(L) DIVISION 221, alongside LCI 192, 196, 220, 234, and 528 - establishing that this hull was assigned to the Pacific Fleet and still carried her LCI(L) designation as of 1 May 1945 (the LCI(G) gunboat redesignation followed on 15 July 1945).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Crew (May 1945 Pacific assignment)
- Limitations
- Roster-level documentation: establishes organizational assignment and hull presence in the Pacific Fleet as of the listing date, not which operations (if any) she joined - NavSource credits her with no Pacific battle stars, consistent with arrival after the Iwo Jima/Okinawa assault windows. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-233-lcil233-02
-
[4]NARA Special List 44, List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number inventory) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 22, row 'LCI(L)-233 7/13/1943 6/30/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Special List 44's ship-number inventory (PDF page 22) lists deck logs for 'LCI(L)-233' covering 13 July 1943 through 30 June 1945 - in-scope wartime service documentation for this hull held at NARA. These are log-coverage dates, not asserted commissioning/decommissioning dates: coverage begins five months after the 20 January 1943 commissioning (the January-July 1943 shakedown/transit period is not in the inventoried run) and ends before her 15 July 1945 LCI(G) redesignation and post-war China service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (coverage window)
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops, 1943-1945 (log-authorship population)
- Limitations
- Inventory-level finding: establishes that NARA holds the logs, not their content - the logs themselves are not digitized in the NARA Catalog online deck-log series and were not reviewed. Log presence documents the ship's operated status over the window, not any exposure event or material. Whether logs for January-July 1943 exist outside the inventoried run is unresolved.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-233-lcil233-03
-
[5]HAER No. OR-180, LCI(L)-713, Amphibious Forces Memorial Museum, Portland OR (Historic American Engineering Record / NPS, historian Justine Christianson, 2012) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 data pages (Type of Craft, Principal Measurements, Propulsion, Builder, Description sections)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official documentation of the LCI(L) type from a sister hull built at the same yard: LCI(L)-713 (LCI-351 class, George Lawley & Son, Neponset MA, 1944) exemplifies the BuShips standard LCI(L) design - welded 1/4-inch steel plate, 158'5.5" length, 23'3" beam, engine room with four pairs of General Motors 6-71 diesels on two shafts with variable-pitch propellers, two decks with troop compartments, deckhouse with mess/wardroom/galley. HAER notes approximately 1,051 craft of the type were constructed in ten shipyards during WWII.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944 (713 documentation); type-wide
- Population
- LCI construction trades (1942-45); crews and embarked troops class-wide
- Limitations
- Class documentation, not a hull record: LCI(L)-713 is a later LCI-351-class variant (cylindrical pilot house, centerline ramp) while LCI(L)-233 is the earlier LCI-1 class (square conning tower, side ramps) - structural details differ. The HAER document contains no asbestos or insulation-material content whatsoever; it does not state what insulation materials were fitted.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-233-lcil233-04
-
[6]NHHC H-gram 086-2, 'Iwo Jima: The Battle of the LCI Gunboats' (Director's Corner official history) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- H-086-2, gunboat armament/employment narrative (17 February 1945 UDT-support action)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official NHHC documentation of the LCI(G) gunboat conversion type this hull joined on 15 July 1945: LCI gunboats were 'typically armed with two 40-mm guns, four 20-mm guns, six .50-caliber machine guns, and 10 Mark 7 4.5-inch rocket launchers' - matching the LCI(G) armament spec NavSource lists for this hull - and were employed as close-in fire-support craft (at Iwo Jima, 17 February 1945, under LCI(G) Group 8). LCI(G)-233's conversion postdates that battle by five months.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- LCI(G) crews class-wide (gunboat complement ~5 officers + 65 enlisted vs. 24 for LCI(L))
- Limitations
- Type-level context only: LCI(G)-233 is not named and was not at Iwo Jima (converted July 1945, still LCI(L)-233 on 1 May 1945 per the fleet organization listing). Documents what the LCI(G) designation entailed, not work performed on this hull or any materials added or removed in her conversion. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-233-lcil233-05
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[7]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications (eight GM diesels, twin variable-pitch shafts - diesel, no steam plant); HAER OR-180 class documentation (welded 1/4-inch steel, BuShips standard design); GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy-wide asbestos-insulation era, see ev-07) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150233.htm specifications block; HAER OR-180; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered welded-steel landing craft built 1942-43 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era, but at reduced scope versus steam vessels: with no boilers or steam distribution, the boiler/turbine lagging pathway does not apply. Era-consistent applications aboard a diesel craft of this type and period were engine exhaust lagging in the machinery space, thermal insulation on hot surfaces, exhaust/flange gaskets, machinery packing, and electrical insulation - in a 158-foot hull with a small crew compartment volume.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1948 (U.S. service era)
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-48); conversion-yard trades (LCI(G) refit, 1945); ROC Navy crew post-1948
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-233, and the HAER type documentation names no insulation materials. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution. The confined-volume dynamic applies but the absolute asbestos load of a 389-ton diesel craft is materially less than a steam vessel's.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-233-lcil233-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire U.S. service era (construction 1942-43 through transfer to the Republic of China in 1948).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull - GAO did not survey this vessel or the LCI type. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-29) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-233-lcil233-07
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[9]Batch-5024 search ledger (this record): NavSource page and source credit; NHHC Pacific Fleet organization and H-gram 086-2; NARA Special List 44 ship-number PDF and online deck-log index; HAER OR-180; NVR; CourtListener API v4 (opinions and dockets, multiple spellings); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-233-lcil233-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming LCI(L)-233/LCI(G)-233 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned zero opinions and zero dockets for 'LCI(L)-233', 'LCI-233', 'LCI(G)-233', and 'LCI 233'-type spellings on 2026-09-29. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no law-firm 'asbestos aboard' listicles for this hull - an unusually clean negative.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era-consistent insulation likely was present to some degree but is not documented. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. Deck logs (held at NARA, undigitized) and the 1945 conversion-yard work package are open leads.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-233-lcil233-08