Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet 404-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-pkt-404-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-29 - construction milestones, campaign list, specifications, disposal; page credits 'USS LCI "Landing Craft Infantry", Vol. II' (Turner Publishing, 1995) as history source [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150029.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block, disposition lines
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI-1 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 5 October 1942 at New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, NJ; launched 27 October 1942; commissioned USS LCI(L)-29 30 December 1942. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater; campaigns credited: Eastern New Guinea (Lae occupation 4-6 Sep 1943; Finschhafen occupation 22 Sep 1943), Bismarck Archipelago (Cape Gloucester, New Britain, 26-27 Dec 1943), Hollandia (21-25 Apr 1944), Western New Guinea (Toem-Wakde-Sarmi 17 May 1944; Biak Island 27 May-1 Jun 1944), Leyte landings (12 Oct-29 Nov 1944); five battle stars; awards display includes Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation and Philippine Liberation Medal (1). Decommissioned, date unknown; struck, date unknown; transferred to the Maritime Commission at San Pedro, CA, for disposal (PDX-225, 27 September 1946); sold 12 December 1946 to unknown buyer; fate unknown. Spec block: 236 t light / 264 t landing / 419 t loaded; 158' 5.5"; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; five single 20 mm guns; two sets of four GM '6051 series 71' diesels, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- NYSB construction trades (1942); crew (1942-46); embarked infantry (up to 182 enlisted + 6 officers); UDT/NCDU detachments (1944-45)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation tracking registry/milestone data, generally reliable on construction and campaign facts but not a primary record; its credited source is the Turner Publishing LCI history. Contains no asbestos content. The (D) demolition designation she carried in 1944-45 is absent from this page (see ev-12). 'Date unknown' on decommissioning and striking.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-01
-
[3]NARA, Special List #44 - List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (by ship number), PDF page 31: 'LCI-29 12/1/1943 6/30/1945' - deck-log inventory, RG 24 Entry 118 [other_primary]
- Locator
- SL44 ship-number PDF page 31, 'LCI-29 12/1/1943 6/30/1945'; index context https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA inventories deck logs for LCI-29 covering 1 December 1943 through 30 June 1945 in Special List 44 (RG 24, Entry 118) - spanning her in-scope wartime service from Cape Gloucester through the Brunei operation (Oboe Six, 10 June 1945). These are log-coverage dates, not commissioning/decommissioning dates. The listing shows no entry for her first year (commissioning 30 Dec 1942 - Nov 1943, covering Lae and Finschhafen) or post-30 June 1945 (postwar return and disposal).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (log coverage)
- Population
- Crew whose activities the logs record (Dec 1943-Jun 1945)
- Limitations
- Inventory row only - confirms logbooks exist in the accession, not that they are digitized (NARA's online deck-log index contains no LCI-29 entry; checked 2026-09-29). Coverage gaps (Dec 1942-Nov 1943; post-Jun 1945) may reflect logs held under different entries, never accessioned, or lost - undetermined. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-02
-
[4]Seventh Amphibious Force Command History, 10 January 1943 - 23 December 1945 (AWM-held document CGGS 3184, scanned copy hosted at 727atb.com) - task-organization sheets naming LCI-29 / LCI(D) 29 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Task Organization sheets: Morotai (LCI unit list); Palawan 'Victor Three' TU 78.2.11; Negros 'Victor One Able' Sheet 30, TU 78.3.8; Brunei 'Oboe Six' (LCI(D) 29 + NCDU 20,24)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official Seventh Amphibious Force command history places this hull in multiple operation task organizations: MOROTAI ('Tradewind,' 15 Sep 1944) - LCI element under Lieut. C.E. Weyll Jr. USNR: 'LCI 28(F), 29, 30, 224, 225, 226, 430, 432'; PALAWAN ('Victor Three,' 28 Feb 1945) - TU 78.2.11 Demolition Unit: 'LCI(D) 29,' with two Naval Combat Demolition Units embarked; NEGROS ('Victor One Able,' 29 Mar 1945) - TU 78.3.8 Control and Inshore Support Unit: 'LCI(D) 29'; BRUNEI BAY ('Oboe Six,' 10 Jun 1945) - 'LCI(D) 29 - NCDU 20, 24' alongside 'LCI(D) 228 - NCDU 2, 3' in the demolition element.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Crew; embarked NCDU demolition detachments at Palawan and Brunei
- Limitations
- Primary-source command-history document (AWM file CGGS 3184) hosted on a private digitization site (727atb.com - an enthusiast archive of AWM naval records); OCR-extraction of its task-org charts verified directly from the PDF text layer. Documents task-organization presence at these operations, not battle-star credit; Morotai, Palawan, Negros, and Brunei do not appear in NavSource's five-star campaign list, an unresolved discrepancy (see gaps). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-03
-
[5]Operation Oboe Six (Brunei Bay) Attack Order, 10 June 1945 - AWM52-1-5-20-077 (scanned official operation order hosted at 727atb.com; page images OCR-verified this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Oboe Six Attack Order, task organization p.5: '78.1.35 Demolition Unit'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The primary operation order lists under '78.1.35 Demolition Unit, Lieutenant BURNS': KLINE (APD 120) carrying UDT#11; 'LCI(D) 29 (F), 228' (two LCI(D)s, LCI(D)-29 flagged as the unit flagship); and NCDU 20, NCDU 2 (F), NCDU 24, NCDU 3 (Lt. Kaine) - placing LCI(D)-29, flying the demolition-unit flag with four Naval Combat Demolition Units embarked, in the Brunei Bay assault order of battle.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- June 1945
- Population
- Crew; embarked NCDU 20, 2(F), 24, 3 (four Naval Combat Demolition Units); demolition-unit staff (Lt. Burns)
- Limitations
- Scanned-image PDF (no text layer); content verified by OCR of page 5 of the document this session - 'LCI(D) 29 (F), 228 / NCDU 20, NCDU 2 (F), NCDU 24, NCDU 3.' 'Lieutenant BURNS' is the demolition-unit commander (flag in LCI(D)-29); uboat lists the same officer, Lt. R.M. Burnes USNR, as her commanding officer. The (F) flag notation indicates unit flag, not a ship designation. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-04
-
[6]Hector Donohue, 'Lieutenant (SP) H.L. Billman, DSC, RANVR,' Naval Historical Review (Naval Historical Society of Australia), March 2018 - biography drawn on Billman's NAA service records; documents UDT service aboard 'Landing Craft Infantry (Demolitions) 29' [other_primary]
- Locator
- navyhistory.au article, 'Attachment to the US Navy' section, paragraphs on MEIU 1 / UDT aboard LCI(D) 29
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Places this hull, already in the demolition role, at Leyte and Tacloban: Billman joined a US Underwater Demolition Team under Lieutenant Colver USN embarked on 'Landing Craft Infantry (Demolitions) 29' at Hollandia at the end of September 1944; the craft sailed with the invasion convoy on 13 October 1944 allocated to the Panaon Attack Group (TG 78.3, with Australian LSIs Manoora, Westralia, Kanimbla); on A-Day 20 October the UDT landed on northern Panaon Island with the 21st RCT. Billman remained aboard on bomb-disposal tasks around Tacloban into December 1944, including a K-2 mine search in Biliran Strait while staging for the Luzon campaign; in January 1945 the UDT detachment rode USS Sands (APD-13) to Lingayen and returned to LCI(D) 29, Billman remaining aboard until the end of January.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- September 1944 - January 1945
- Population
- Lt. (SP) H.L. Billman DSC RANVR; Lt. Colver USN and UDT detachment; crew (Oct 1944-Jan 1945)
- Limitations
- Society-journal biography (Naval Historical Society of Australia's Naval Historical Review), secondary but grounded in the subject's National Archives of Australia service file; establishes presence and role of this hull, not an official US Navy record. Details (Panaon landing, Tacloban EOD work, Biliran Strait mine search) concern the embarked UDT/RAN officer as much as the craft. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-05
-
[7]Liberation of Panay - transcribed operation/action record (Eighth Army field order and TG 78.3 action report material), hosted on a private regional-history site [other_primary]
- Locator
- tomasconfesor.com/liberationofpanay.html, dated entries 0215 18 Mar, 19 Mar, and 1905 19 Mar 1945
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The transcribed Panay ('Victor One') record places this hull in the 18-19 March 1945 operation: '0215 18 March 1945. LCI 548 has collided with LCI 29. LCI 548 has a hole in her bow'; 'LCI(D) 29, LCI(R) 331 and LCMs remained on the beach' on 19 March; and at 1905 19 March the retirement group departed including 'LCI(D) 29'.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 18-19 March 1945
- Population
- Crew; LCI 548 crew (collision); embarked troops/demolition elements
- Limitations
- A transcription of official operation records on a private local-history site (tomasconfesor.com) - primary content, unverified scan-level provenance; cross-checked against CGGS-3184 which puts LCI(D) 29 in the follow-on Negros org under the same TG 78.3 flagship (INGHAM) seen in this transcription. The collision entry names the hull but records no damage assessment for LCI 29 (damage reported on LCI 548). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-06
-
[8]uboat.net Allied Warships register, USS LCI(L)-29 (LCI(L)-29), ship ID 20855 - build/order dates and task-organization transcriptions with commanding-officer attributions [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/20855 register block and 'Notable events' task-organization transcriptions (26 Dec 1943, 22 Apr 1944, 17 May 1944, 15 Sep 1944, 1 May 1945, 10 Jun 1945)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net's register and transcribed operation orders supply: contract order date 3 June 1942 (matching NavSource milestones); Cape Gloucester (Operation Dexterity, 26 Dec 1943) - TG 76.3.3 Western Assault Group LCI unit, CO Lt. T.R. Hopkins USNR; Hollandia (22 Apr 1944) - TF 77.2 LCI group, CO Hopkins; Wakde-Sarmi (17 May 1944) - TU 77.2.3 LCI Group under COMLCIFLOT 7 (Cdr. H.F. McGee in LCI(L)-28), CO Hopkins; Morotai (15 Sep 1944) - CO Lt. J.F. McNamara USNR; Tarakan ('Oboe One,' 1 May 1945) - TU 78.1.34 Demolition Unit as LCI(D)-29, CO Lt. J.F. McNamara USNR; Brunei Bay ('Oboe Six,' 10 Jun 1945) - TU 78.1.35 Demolition Unit as LCI(D)-29, CO Lt. R.M. Burnes USNR.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- Crew under successive COs (Hopkins, McNamara, Burnes); embarked NCDU/UDT detachments
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled register whose event entries transcribe Allied operation orders; not independently verified line-by-line against the orders except for Brunei (cross-checked to AWM52-1-5-20-077) and Morotai/Palawan/Negros (cross-checked to CGGS-3184). CO attributions are as-of-operation snapshots; the full command chronology is unconfirmed (deck logs not digitized). Tarakan relies on this transcription - CGGS-3184's Oboe One sheet names the demolition unit but its craft list did not extract legibly. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy's Efforts to Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) - full report text retrieved via firecrawl (assets/hrd-80-2.pdf) [gao]
- Locator
- HRD-80-2 transmittal letter and 'Navy's policy on use of asbestos' section, pp. 1-5 of report body
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Government documentation of Navy-wide shipboard asbestos use spanning this hull's entire era: the Navy told GAO that 'all ships contain some asbestos in such components as clutches and electric cables,' that thermal insulation 'was the Navy's major use of asbestos aboard ships,' that product specifications were changed in 1973 to asbestos-free materials but asbestos already purchased/installed meant 'some ships were delivered with asbestos insulation as late as May 1978,' and that the Navy's Oct 1975 / Jan 1979 policies addressed removal only of damaged or high-maintenance-area insulation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979 (report); era coverage WWII-1978
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; shipboard asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation from fieldwork at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards; supports era context only - names no hull. Establishes the era's use pattern (thermal insulation as the major application; clutches and electric cables in all ships), not materials aboard this hull, individual exposure, quantity, or present-day presence. Full text retrieved this session (gao.gov blocked curl-style fetch but firecrawl extraction succeeded).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-08
-
[10]NHHC, National Museum of the U.S. Navy - 'Landing Craft Infantry (Large)-10 (USS LCI(L)-10)' class page [museum_official]
- Locator
- NMUSN photography page for LCI(L)-10, class-description paragraph
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official Navy museum description of the LCI(L) type: 'Navy-designed (LCI) craft were launched by the hundreds. On the first version soldiers debarked by means of catwalks and ramps, but the later ones eliminated the ramps and used bow doors instead. The same hull was modified into mortar, gunboat and rocket versions to give direct fire support for amphibious assaults; others were altered for use as landing craft flotilla flagships. The 157 foot craft could make speeds up to 14 knots, had a crew of 24 officers and men, and four 20mm guns for armament.' Establishes the class context for LCI(L)-29's early-production (catwalk/ramps) configuration and the type's documented modification into specialized variants.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (type era)
- Population
- LCI(L) class crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Class-level description for a sister craft (LCI(L)-10), not a record for hull 29; minor spec variance vs. NavSource (157 ft/14 kt/four 20 mm vs 158'5.5"/16 kt/five 20 mm) reflects class-type framing vs. hull spec. No asbestos content. No individual DANFS/NHHC history page exists for LCI(L)-29 (confirmed 404 this session) - this museum page is the only NHHC material bearing on the type.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-09
-
[11]Era inference built on: NavSource specification block for this hull (diesel plant, no steam); NHHC class description (LCI(L) type); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy-wide use documentation (ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; GAO HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled diesel landing craft built in 1942 at a major Navy contract yard sits inside the documented Navy asbestos era. Era-consistent applications for a craft of this type and plant: diesel-engine exhaust and muffler insulation, engine-room machinery/thermal insulation, gaskets and valve packing on fuel and cooling systems, electrical cable insulation, and brake/clutch friction linings on the anchor windlass and winches. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- NYSB construction trades (1942); engine-room crew and maintenance parties (1942-46); any yard trades during availabilities; 1946 disposal/shipbreaking trades (location unknown)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-29. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. A 158-ft landing craft had a far smaller insulated plant than a steam combatant - the inference scales accordingly but is not zero.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-10
-
[12]Batch-5035 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NARA SL44 + digitized-logs index; Seventh Amphibious Force Command History (CGGS-3184/AWM); AWM52 Oboe Six attack order; Naval Historical Review biography; Panay action-report transcription; uboat.net; GAO full text; NHHC museum class page; NVR; MARAD vessel-history DB; uss-lci.org; secondary web litigation sweep; CourtListener (partial - paced) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-01 through -15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, insulation schedule, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-29 / LCI(D)-29 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CAVEAT: CourtListener coverage was partial - an unqualified 'LCI(L)-29' opinion search returned 259 results that are name collisions (LCI International telecom parties, confidence-interval strings), and quoted ship-specific searches ('LCI(L)-29', 'LCI-29', 'LCI(D)-29') could not be run because the fleet-wide request pacer refused tokens repeatedly; logged as pending, not as a negative result. Unlike larger wartime hulls, this craft does not appear even in law-firm marketing ship lists - the web sweep found only statistical 'LCI' collisions.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. The litigation gap is genuine: PACER/RECAP coverage for numbered landing craft is historically thin, and the qualified searches remain open. Deck logs (RG24 E118, undigitized) and any NYSB or MarComm disposal work records are the open archival leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-11
-
[13]Designation cross-check: NavSource designation line (LCI(L)-29 only) vs. primary operation documents carrying 'LCI(D) 29' (Billman service-record biography, Sep 1944 forward; CGGS-3184 task orgs, Feb-Jun 1945; AWM52 Oboe Six attack order, Jun 1945; Panay transcription, Mar 1945) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ev-03, ev-04, ev-05, ev-06 primary-document citations; NavSource designation line (ev-01)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- COMPLETION/CORRECTION: secondary compilations carry this hull as LCI(L)-29 throughout, but primary operation documents consistently style her 'LCI(D) 29' - a demolition-role conversion carrying Underwater Demolition Team and Naval Combat Demolition Unit detachments - from at latest late September 1944 (Billman biography: 'Landing Craft Infantry (Demolitions) 29' at Hollandia end of Sep 1944) through the Brunei operation of June 1945, where she flew the demolition-unit flag. The NavSource record neither shows the (D) designation nor describes the conversion; uboat.net carries LCI(D) in its 1945 task-org transcriptions, consistent with the primary documents.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Embarked UDT/NCDU detachments documented by the (D) role
- Limitations
- Corrects/completes the designation record, not a material or asbestos claim. Whether a formal redesignation was issued (vs. role-in-use styling on operation orders) is undetermined - no designation-change document located; the LCI(D) styling is uniform across independent primary sources (AWM52 attack order, CGGS command history, transcribed action report, service-record biography).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-29-lcil29-12