Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet 405-packet.md (5 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-323 — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_Landing_Craft_Infantry
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-323-lcil323-pkt-405-packet-md
-
[2]U.S. Coast Guard, The Coast Guard at War, Transports and Escorts, Vol. II - Transports (Historical Section, Public Information Division, USCG Headquarters, May 1, 1949), vessel entry 'LCI(L)-323, Flotilla 35 - Group 103 - Division 205' (HyperWar transcription of the official USCG history) [other_primary]
- Locator
- V2-Transports index.html, appendix vessel entry 'LCI(L)-323, FLOTILLA 35 - GROUP 103 - DIVISION 205' (sections COMMISSIONED / SICILY-ITALY LANDINGS / NORMANDY LANDINGS / TO THE PACIFIC / AT OKINAWA / TO JAPAN--DRYDOCKED FOR REPAIRS / RETURN TO U.S.A. / DECOMMISSIONED)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official USCG wartime-history entry for this hull: commissioned February 10, 1943, Coast Guard-manned; commanding officers Lt. William H. E. Schroeder USCGR, Lt. Douglas B. Jones (Dec 16, 1944), Lt(jg) Theodore J. Lempges USCGR (Feb 9, 1945), Lt(jg) Edward J. Burns USCGR (Oct 6, 1945), Lt(jg) John D. Roche Jr. USCGR, Lt. Raymond M. Rosenbloom USCGR (Feb 6, 1946). After shakedown proceeded to Norfolk then North Africa; participated in the occupation of Sicily July 9, 1943 and the Salerno landings September 9, 1943; arrived United Kingdom November 3, 1943 for amphibious training on south England beaches; on June 6, 1944 participated in the landings at UTAH Beach, Normandy, thereafter acting as guide for cross-channel craft; left Falmouth October 5, 1944 for Charleston, SC, overhaul until December 14, 1944; trained at Little Creek and Solomons Island; departed Norfolk December 27, 1944 for San Diego (arrived January 23, 1945); departed San Diego April 3, 1945 and Pearl Harbor April 20, 1945, reaching Okinawa May 28, 1945; May 29 relieved LCI(R)-769 at the Harbor Entrance Control Post, North Net Entrance, Kerama Retto - entrance-control and smoke-making duty through July 16, then further smoke coverage at Chimu Wan, Hagushi Harbor, and Buckner Bay; departed Okinawa September 8, 1945 for Wakayama, Japan, drydocked by LSD-16 September 12 for hull repairs, in repair status until November 25; departed Sasebo for Guam December 5, 1945; arrived New Orleans March 8, 1946; decommissioned April 15, 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- USCG crew (1943-46); embarked troops at each assault; Charleston overhaul-period yard trades (1944); LSD-16/Wakayama repair trades (1945)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific operational history only - no asbestos or material content. The monograph's commission date (Feb 10, 1943) conflicts with NavSource/shipbuildinghistory (Feb 9) and with NARA log coverage beginning 2/9/1943 - variant carried in gaps. The Charleston overhauling facility is not named. Commissioning-date and flotilla-division details differ from NavSource - see gaps. HyperWar is a faithful transcription mirror of the official 1949 publication.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-323-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-323 (150323) - milestones, campaign table, specifications, awards, CO table, NARA- and USCG-credited photo captions; page states its history is from 'The Coast Guard At War, Transports and Escorts, Volume II' [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150323.htm - header timeline, campaign tables, specifications block, awards block, CO table, photo captions (80-G-252367, 80-G-251846, Salerno shell-hole series)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: LCI-1 class; laid down 21 December 1942 at Brown Shipbuilding Corp., Houston, TX; launched 22 January 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-323, 9 February 1943, LT William H. E. Schroeder USCGR in command; manned by the US Coast Guard. EAME Theater, LCI Flotilla Four (CAPT M. E. Imlay USCG), Flotilla Ten at Normandy: Tunisian operation 1 June-9 July 1943; Sicilian occupation 9 July 1943; Salerno landings 9 September 1943; arrived UK 3 November 1943; Invasion of Normandy 6-17 June 1944 - unloaded troops on Utah Beach 6 June, thereafter guide for cross-channel craft until departing England 5 October 1944 for Charleston SC repairs/overhaul. Reassigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater; departed San Diego 3 April 1945; reached Okinawa 28 May 1945; LCI Flotilla Thirty-Five, Group 103, Division 206 (monograph says 205 - see gaps); Okinawa Gunto operation 29 May-30 June 1945; at Kerama Retto acted as North Net Entrance Control Ship with occasional smoke coverage. Departed Okinawa 8 September 1945 for Wakayama drydocking, then New Orleans arriving 8 March 1946; decommissioned 15 April 1946; struck from Naval Register 5 June 1946; five battle stars (awards block adds Combat Action Ribbon retroactive 6 June 1944, Coast Guard Unit Commendation, EAME(4), Asiatic-Pacific(1), WWII Victory, Navy Occupation Asia clasp). Final disposition: sold 13 December 1946, fate unknown. Specs: 236 t light / 264 t landing / 419 t loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troops 6 officers + 182 enlisted; 2" plastic splinter protection on gun turrets, conning tower and pilot house; armament five single 20mm; propulsion two sets of 4 GM 6-71 diesels, 4 per shaft, GM main reduction gears, 2 diesel-drive 30kW 120V DC generators, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp. Photo captions document a German 88mm shell hole in the conning tower at Salerno (9 September 1943) and Slapton Sands training beachings (16 January 1944, NARA 80-G-251846).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- USCG crew; embarked assault troops; yard trades at Charleston overhaul (facility unnamed)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates generally track official records and its stated source here is the official USCG monograph (ev-01). Contains no asbestos content. CO table lists Schroeder from 9 September 1943 although the header names him in command at the 9 February 1943 commissioning - internal inconsistency carried in gaps. 'Fate unknown' after 1946 sale. Complement/specs are class-level figures not verified against a hull-specific spec sheet.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-323-02
-
[4]National Archives, Special List 44 - List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947, by ship numbers (NARA PDF, page 22) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf page 22 - rows 'LCI(L)-323 | 2/9/1943 | 5/13/1944' and 'LCI(L)-323 | 8/1/1944 | 6/30/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 inventories Navy deck logs for LCI(L)-323 in two coverage blocks: 2/9/1943 - 5/13/1944 and 8/1/1944 - 6/30/1945. The interval 5/14/1944 - 7/31/1944 - which includes the Normandy assault window (6 June 1944) - has no coverage in the SL44 inventory. Log coverage begins on the commissioning date carried by NavSource and shipbuildinghistory (9 February 1943). These are log-coverage dates, not service-period boundaries.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (inventory coverage)
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops during logged periods
- Limitations
- Inventory coverage only - the logs themselves are not digitized (WWII-era deck logs remain at NARA College Park; the digitization program prioritized Vietnam-era logs). SL44 coverage gaps do not prove logs do not exist - the D-Day-window interval may be held in another accession; open archival question. Deck logs record movements/availabilities, not materials - they are the lead for verifying the Charleston overhaul facility and Wakayama drydock, not an asbestos record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-323-03
-
[5]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'U.S. Coast Guard-Manned LCI(L)s - Landing Craft Infantry (Large)' program page + 'Coast Guard Cutters & Coast Guard-Manned Navy Vessels that Participated in the Normandy Invasion' unit list (LCI(L)-323 under Utah Beach Landings, Flotilla 10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uscg-manned-lci-l-s index page (list of 28 hulls incl. LCI(L)-323; flotilla lineage paragraph); Cutters-and-Vessels page, 'Utah Beach Landings' subsection
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official USCG Historian's Office documentation: under a 1943 agreement between the Coast Guard Commandant and the CNO, the Coast Guard supplied officers and crew for 28 Navy LCI(L)s, which remained commissioned U.S. Navy vessels. LCI(L)-323 is named in the official list. Twenty-four CG-manned LCI(L)s formed a single flotilla under Commander Miles Imlay, USCG - Flotilla 4 for Sicily and Salerno, redesignated Flotilla 10 for Operation Overlord, later Flotilla 35 in the Pacific. The Historian's Normandy unit list places LCI(L)-323 under 'Utah Beach Landings' among Flotilla 10's twelve Utah-assigned craft.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- 28 USCG-manned LCI(L) crews; Flotilla 4/10/35 population
- Limitations
- Program- and unit-level official record; confirms CG manning, flotilla lineage, and Utah Beach assignment for this hull - no asbestos or material content. The linked individual cutter page (Article 1834638, 'USS LCI(L)-323') exists in the index but returned an empty article body on fetch - logged as an access gap in the search ledger.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-323-04
-
[6]Congressional Record, Vol. 141 No. 87 (May 24, 1995), S7401-S7403 - 'World War II Revisited: A Retrospect of V-E Day' (Uniformed Services Journal article printed in the Record at request of Sen. Cochran), section 'CAPT FRANK X. RILEY (USCG-RET.)' [other_primary]
- Locator
- Congressional Record S7402-7403, 'CAPT FRANK X. RILEY (USCG-RET.)' paragraph
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A printed-in-the-Record tribute recollection: CAPT Frank X. Riley, USCG (Ret.) graduated the Coast Guard Academy June 19, 1942 and 'was assigned as Executive Officer on LCI 323 which was designated as Task Force Command Ship (TFCS) and was the first LCI to leave the States. He served aboard the LCI off the North African, Italian and Sicilian coasts; as Commanding Officer of the vessel, he participated in the Normandy Invasion.' The account recalls 200 troops loaded in the troop compartment, describes the ship as 'a salvage vessel' saving 'the lives of 1500 Army personnel and salvaged 30 Landing Craft Personnel Vehicles (LCPV) and 50 larger vessels known as LCMs,' states 'Six New York City fire-fighters were put onboard the Landing Craft-Infantry (LCI) to control fires,' and that 'General Omar Bradley rode the LCI twice, with his second ride being to Omaha Beach.'
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1944 (recollection); published 1995
- Population
- Riley (XO/claimed CO period); embarked troops; six NYC firefighters (per recollection)
- Limitations
- Attributed retiree recollection in a magazine article reprinted in the Congressional Record - not an operational record. Two material conflicts with the official record: (1) it places Riley as commanding officer at Normandy, while the USCG monograph lists LT Schroeder in command through 16 December 1944; (2) it says Omaha Beach, while the USCG monograph and the Historian's unit list place this hull at Utah. TFCS/'first LCI to leave the States' claims are uncorroborated in the sources searched. Carried as a recollection with conflicts flagged, not as verified fact. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-323-05
-
[7]Shipbuilding History (T. Colton), Brown Shipbuilding, Houston TX - yard history and per-hull construction table (hull 102 = LCI(L)-323) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Brown yard table, hull-number 102 row; Houston TX yard-history paragraph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Yard-record table for this hull: Brown Shipbuilding hull 102, LCI(L)-323, landing craft - laid down 21 December 1942, launched 22 January 1943, delivered 9 February 1943, 'sold 1946'. Yard context: Brown Shipbuilding was built in 1941 by George and Herman Brown at the junction of Green's Bayou and the Houston Ship Channel with ~$9 million from the Navy; wartime output was 12 PCs, 32 LCI(L)s, 61 DEs, and 254 LSMs (359 vessels in four years).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1941-1946
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1942-43)
- Limitations
- Secondary reference compilation (Colton's Shipbuilding History), not a primary builder's ledger - dates corroborate NavSource. 'Delivered' column reads as the 9 Feb 1943 commissioning/acceptance date. No asbestos or material content; yard-level asbestos use is era inference only. 'Sold 1946' consistent with NavSource 'sold 13 December 1946, fate unknown.'
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-323-06
-
[8]HyperWar Online Library, Normandy Invasion photo series - Photo 80-G-252367 caption: 'LCM landing craft pass USS LCI(L)-323 (at right, with a barrage balloon overhead) and an LCT off the invasion beaches, 6 June 1944. Taken by Combat Photo Unit Eight (CPU-8). Official U.S. Navy Photograph, now in the collections of the National Archives.' [other_primary]
- Locator
- HyperWar nor4.htm, photo caption 80-G-252367
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official U.S. Navy photograph (NARA-held, 80-G-252367) documents USS LCI(L)-323 off the Normandy invasion beaches on 6 June 1944 with a barrage balloon overhead, alongside an LCT and passing LCMs - physical-presence documentation of the hull at the assault.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-06-06
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops at the assault
- Limitations
- Presence documentation only - establishes the hull was off the invasion beaches on D-Day, nothing about materials or conditions aboard. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-323-07
-
[9]Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) OR-180, LCI(L)-713, National Park Service / Library of Congress - short-form written historical and descriptive data [other_primary]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 data pages 1-2 (Type of Craft, Propulsion, Significance, Description)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Government engineering record for the LCI(L) type: Bureau of Ships design; built 'of welded 1/4-inch steel plate'; propulsion eight General Motors 6-71 diesel engines (four pairs to two shafts, variable-pitch propellers); two decks - lower deck divided into troop compartments and crew space with engine room; main-deck deckhouse containing troop and ship-officer accommodations, mess, wardroom, and galley; enclosed foredeck with ramp; pilothouse/conning station on the deckhouse. LCI(L)-713 is documented as the last surviving LCI(L)-351-class vessel in original configuration.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944 (713 build); LCI(L) design era 1942-45
- Population
- Construction trades (class context); crew and troops in accommodation spaces
- Limitations
- Class/design record, not a hull record: LCI(L)-713 is the later LCI(L)-351 subclass (cylindrical pilothouse, centerline ramp); LCI(L)-323 is the earlier LCI(L)-1 subclass (different conning tower and side-ramp arrangement) - shared BuShips design, dimensions, diesel plant, and accommodation arrangement, but subclass differences exist. The short-form record names no insulation material and contains no asbestos reference - it does not establish materials aboard this or any hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-323-08
-
[10]Era inference built on: HAER OR-180 BuShips design record (diesel propulsion, welded steel, enclosed accommodations); NavSource specifications block (8 x GM 6-71 diesels, no steam plant); shipyard-exposure-map documented asbestos product pattern for diesel amphibious types (lst-1-class profile); GAO HRD-80-2 era documentation (see ev-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 design description; NavSource spec block; lst-1-class.class.json era-inference pattern; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered, BuShips-designed amphibious assault craft built 1942-43 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a craft of this type and period were diesel-exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal and acoustic insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and deck coverings, applied within confined crew, engine-room, and deckhouse accommodation spaces. She carried no boilers or steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply - but the small-ship confined-space exposure dynamic applies to engine spaces and accommodation joiner materials.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Brown Shipbuilding construction trades (1942-43); USCG crew (1943-46); embarked troops; overhaul/drydock trades at Charleston (1944) and Wakayama (1945)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material schedule, or work package located for LCI(L)-323. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. Does not establish asbestos presence aboard this specific vessel, individual exposure, or present-day condition (hull sold 1946, fate unknown).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-323-09
-
[11]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979; publicly released Oct 22, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 product page, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure, 'specifically... the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos from Navy ships, and compensation programs for asbestos-related disabilities.' The Navy's 1975 policy removed and replaced with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for necessary repairs, modified in 1979 to include selectively replacing asbestos insulation in high-maintenance areas - program-level documentation that asbestos insulation was extensively present aboard Navy ships of this era, spanning this hull's entire construction and service window (1942-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1975-1979 (policy window); era context 1942-46
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull - fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, not Brown Shipbuilding or Charleston. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct automated fetch, confirmed 2026-09-29; content via firecrawl-retrieved product-page description).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-323-10
-
[12]Batch-5044 search ledger (this record): USCG 1949 war-history monograph (HyperWar); NavSource 150323; NARA Special List 44 ship-number PDF; USCG Historian program + Normandy unit-list pages; USCG cutter article stub; Congressional Record tribute; shipbuildinghistory Brown table; HyperWar/NARA photo caption; HAER OR-180; DANFS/NHHC; NVR; NARA Catalog; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-323-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-323-18
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, material schedule, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-323 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Authenticated CourtListener searches returned zero results: opinions for 'LCI(L)-323', 'LCI(L) 323', and 'LCI-323', and the RECAP/docket index for 'LCI(L)-323'. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; the only 'asbestos' material is law-firm marketing content (e.g., mesotheliomaveterans.org naming Brown Shipbuilding as an exposure site; bellucklaw.com on Federal Shipbuilding's LCI blocks) asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - it establishes only that no public ship-specific record was located. CourtListener coverage is limited to the four exact-name queries logged; documents that mention the craft unindexed-by-name (e.g., a plaintiff's ship list inside a filing not matching the quoted query forms) would not be captured. Deck logs, Brown Shipbuilding work packages, and any 1946 sale/survey records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-323-11