Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
-
[1]research packet 411-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-356-lcil356-pkt-411-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(M)-356 / LCI(G)-356 / LCI(L)-356 page (history compiled from USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource archive page 10/15/150356 (ship entry, campaign table, specifications block, photo captions) - verified live via fetch, 2026-09-30
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity, construction, and wartime record for this hull: laid down 13 April 1943 at George Lawley & Sons Shipbuilding Corp., Neponset, MA; launched 27 May 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-356 on 12 June 1943 (LT. E.B. Wicklander, USNR in command May 1945). Reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Guns) LCI(G)-356 on 31 December 1944; reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Mortar) LCI(M)-356 on 30 April 1945. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCI Flotilla Fourteen (CAPT. T.W. Rimer), LCI Group Forty-Two (LCDR. A.H. Conners USNR). Credited campaigns: Iwo Jima operations (assault and occupation, 19 February - 3 March 1945) and Okinawa Gunto operations (assault and occupation, 26 March - 14 June 1945). Two battle stars plus Navy Unit Commendation 'for service at Okinawa, 18 May 1945'; ribbons listed: Combat Action Ribbon (retroactive - Iwo Jima), Navy Unit Commendation, American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (2), World War II Victory Medal. Decommissioned date unknown; struck from the Naval Register date unknown; sold 20 January 1947, fate unknown. Photographic record: floating dry dock at Noumea, New Caledonia, 28 September 1943 (damaged propeller replaced); off Iwo Jima 19 Feb-3 Mar 1945 as LCI(G); alongside the grounded and burning USS Longshaw (DD-559) on 18 May 1945 removing dead and wounded while fighting fires; firing mortars off Okinawa.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Crew (LCI(L) 4+24; LCI(G) 5+65; LCI(M) 4+49) and embarked troops (up to 6 officers, 182 enlisted as LCI(L)), 1943-1945
- Limitations
- NavSource is a compiled secondary reference (transcribing Turner Publishing's USS LCI volume and Navy records), not a contemporaneous log or Navy action report; campaign credits are official-list summaries. The page's campaign table carries a typographical slip - '(as LCI(G)-355)' and '(as LCI(G)-355 and LCI(M)-355)' - where 355 is a sister hull; the header, reclassification lines, and crew-photo captions all consistently document 356 (see gaps). Decommissioning and striking dates are not given. Contains no asbestos information whatsoever.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-356-lcil356-01
-
[3]National Archives and Records Administration, Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (by ship number), PDF p.19 [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, p.19, row 'LCI(L)(M)-356 | 6/12/1943 | 6/30/1945' (verified by pdftotext extraction of the live NARA PDF, 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Special List 44 inventory (by ship number, PDF page 19) lists Navy deck logs for LCI(L)(M)-356 covering 12 June 1943 through 30 June 1945 - in-scope wartime service documentation held in Record Group 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel logs), retrievable for this hull. The coverage span begins on the commissioning date (12 June 1943) and runs to the 30 June 1945 cut-off common to the listing's wartime logs.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (log coverage)
- Limitations
- The entry is an inventory record only - it establishes that NARA holds logbooks for this hull for the stated span, not their contents. The deck logs themselves were not opened for this record. These are log-coverage dates, not asserted commissioning/decommissioning dates (the coverage start coincides with the NavSource commissioning date, but the inventory does not itself assert commissioning). No asbestos or condition information is contained in the listing.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-356-lcil356-02
-
[4]DANFS, Longshaw (DD-559) - NHHC-authored ship history (Guy Joseph Nasuti, 2019/2023) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Longshaw (DD-559), 18 May 1945 loss narrative (verified live via fetch, 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC's DANFS entry for USS Longshaw (DD-559) names this hull in the destroyer's loss narrative: after Longshaw grounded on Ose Reef off Naha, Okinawa, and Japanese shore batteries blew up her forward magazine on 18 May 1945, 'Rescue efforts began immediately, and nearby ships, including heavy cruiser Salt Lake City (CA-25) and large infantry landing craft LCI(L)-356 pulled some 113 Longshaw survivors from the sea.' Longshaw lost 86 killed and 95 wounded; fleet tug Arikara received a Navy Unit Commendation for her attempted extraction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-18
- Population
- LCI-356 crew (LCI(M) complement ~53) and embarked Longshaw survivors, 18 May 1945
- Limitations
- Ship-specific corroboration of the 18 May 1945 rescue role only. DANFS styles the hull 'LCI(L)-356' although NavSource's reclassification line has her as LCI(M)-356 by 30 April 1945 - the designation drift in the destroyer's entry does not affect the event. Contains no asbestos information; establishes presence and action, not material condition.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-356-lcil356-03
-
[5]USS Landing Craft Infantry National Association, Combat Awards page - Navy Cross section, citation for Lieutenant Edgar B. Wicklander, USNR [other_primary]
- Locator
- usslci.org/combat-awards, 'The Navy Cross' section, Wicklander entry (verified live via fetch, 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The LCI association's transcribed Navy Cross citation names this hull and action: LT Edgar B. Wicklander, USNR, Commanding Officer of 'Landing Craft Infantry THREE HUNDRED FIFTY-SIX (LCI-356),' was decorated 'for extraordinary heroism... in action against the enemy on 18 May 1945, during the assault on Okinawa Shima' - bringing his ship alongside the blazing hull of USS Longshaw, boarding her with a party of men to rescue survivors and fight the fires, and refusing to leave until all wounded were removed. Consistent with NavSource's listing of Wicklander as the May-1945 commanding officer and the 18 May 1945 Navy Unit Commendation attribution.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-18
- Population
- LT E.B. Wicklander, USNR, and boarding party, 18 May 1945
- Limitations
- Secondary transcription of an official award citation hosted on the USS LCI National Association site - the award and text were not verified against a primary award document or General Order this session. Vessel-history fact: documents a named commanding officer's decoration for the 18 May 1945 action; it is not an exposure record and contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-356-lcil356-04
-
[6]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, USS LCI(L)-356 warship record (ship 21380); corroborating production-table row in shipbuildinghistory (Colton) LCI(L) list [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21380 data block; shipbuildinghistory.njscuba.net/us-navy-small/lcil/ row 'LCI(L)-GM 356' (both verified live via fetch, 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Compiled warship data corroborate the core record: uboat.net lists LCI(L)-356 as an LCI 351-class craft built by George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA - ordered 9 March 1943, laid down 13 April 1943, launched 27 May 1943, commissioned 12 June 1943 - and shows the reclassifications to LCI(G) and LCI(M). Colton's shipbuildinghistory LCI(L) production table independently lists 'LCI(L)-GM 356 | Lawley & Sons | Neponset MA | 12 Jun 1943 | sold 1947', consistent on builder, delivery, and disposal.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Construction trades (Neponset MA, 1943); wartime crew
- Limitations
- Both are reputable secondary compilations, not primary records. CONFLICT: uboat.net dates the LCI(G) reclassification 31 December 1943 while NavSource gives 31 December 1944 - the 1944 date is carried (consistent with the Iwo Jima campaign window) and the variant is logged in gaps. Colton's '12 Jun 1943' column is delivery, not necessarily commissioning. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-356-lcil356-05
-
[7]Library of Congress, Historic American Engineering Record HAER AK-52, M/V Husky II (USS LCI(L) 653) - LCI(L) 351-class written history and documentation; corroborated by HAER OR-180, LCI(L)-713 (Amphibious Forces Memorial Museum, Portland OR) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 written history, 'LCIs in World War II' section and Part 4/5 physical description (pp. 6-10, 13-14) + cited BuShips spec and NARA RG 19 roll 5899; HAER OR-180 principal-measurements block (tile.loc.gov .../or0606data.pdf)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- HAER documents that this hull sits inside the covered class: LCI(L)s were utilitarian wartime Bureau of Ships-designed craft (design May 1942; over 900 built by ten yards; 158.5 ft, welded steel), the working plans drawn by the Engineering Division of George Lawley & Son Corp., Boston - this hull's own builder - under the BuShips 'Detail and Special Specifications for Building Landing Craft Infantry (Large) LCI(L) 351-542' (1943), a range that includes hull 356; Lawley's LCI(L) 351-class plans survive at NARA (RG 19, microfilm roll 5899). Propulsion was all-diesel - eight six-cylinder General Motors Series 71 engines, four per shaft, twin variable-pitch propellers, 16-knot maximum - with no boilers or steam system, so the asbestos-relevant applications aboard are the era-standard diesel-craft items: engine exhaust and muffler lagging, thermal/acoustic insulation in the engine room and accommodations, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Construction trades (Neponset MA, 1943); wartime crew in confined engine-room and accommodation spaces
- Limitations
- Class/design inference only - HAER AK-52 documents sister craft LCI(L) 653 (and OR-180 documents sister 713, also Lawley-built); neither names this hull and neither asserts asbestos content (AK-52's spray-on insulation references are a 1980s fishing-tender conversion, not WWII construction - full text checked). No ship-specific material list exists for this hull; asbestos presence aboard is era- and design-level inference, not ship-proven. Does not establish quantity, products installed, or present-day presence (hull fate unknown since 1947).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-356-lcil356-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's construction (1943) and entire service era (1943-47).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull or even this craft type (HRD-80-2 concerns larger Navy vessels and shipyards). Full text not retrieved - gao.gov blocks automated fetch (HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-356-lcil356-07
-
[9]Batch-5080 search ledger (this record): NavSource hull page; NARA Special List 44; NHHC/DANFS (Longshaw entry + L-index/candidate URLs); CourtListener API v4 opinion and RECAP docket searches; uboat.net warship record; shipbuildinghistory (Colton) production table; HAER AK-52/OR-180; USS LCI National Association combat-awards page; banned-source web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-356-lcil356-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-356-lcil356-10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum record, or docketed asbestos case naming LCI-356 / LCI(L)-356 / LCI(G)-356 / LCI(M)-356 was found in the sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion searches for the hull designations returned zero qualifying hits - the bare string 'LCI-356' returns ~104 results but all are lexical name collisions (docket-numbers and unrelated text), none naming the vessel or asbestos; RECAP docket searches likewise returned only unrelated collisions. No individual DANFS entry exists for this numbered landing craft.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - as a 1943 combat-built landing craft the hull sits inside the documented Navy asbestos era. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present, and does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. The vessel was sold in January 1947 with fate unknown, so no modern survey can exist unless the hull is identified.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-356-lcil356-08