Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet ow-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-pkt-ow-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LC(FF)-369 ex USS LCI(L)-369 (1943-1944) - construction, LC(FF) reclassification, flotilla assignment, occupation-service windows, awards, decommission/strike/disposal, specifications (history credited to 'USS LCI "Landing Craft Infantry", Vol. II,' Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150369.htm header block, assignment block, occupation-service table, awards row, specifications block, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 9 August 1943 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; launched 27 August 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-369, 31 August 1943, LTjg. J. A. Edwards USNR in command (May 1945); international radio call sign NIHN. 'Reclassified Landing Craft (Flotilla Flagship) LC(FF)-369, 31 December 1944.' WWII assignment: Asiatic-Pacific Theater - LC(FF) Flotilla Twenty-Three (LCDR. R. H. Brazeal), LC(FF) Group Sixty-Seven, LC(FF) Division One Hundred Thirty-Three. Post-war occupation service: Navy Occupation Service Medal windows 12-13 September 1945 and 16-27 October 1945. Awards shown: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp) - no campaign table and no battle stars listed. Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register 12 March 1946; final disposition sold 10 October 1946, fate unknown. Spec block: displacement 236 t light / 264 t landing / 419 t loaded; length 158' 5.5"; beam 23' 3"; speed 16 kts max / 14 kts continuous; complement 4 officers, 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers, 182 enlisted; cargo 75 tons; armament five single 20mm; propulsion two sets of 4 General Motors 6051-series-71 diesels (4 per shaft), single GM main reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp, two diesel-drive 30 kW 120 V DC ship's-service generators. Photo captions document the hull drydocked November 1943 and beached as LC(FF)-369 (dates/locations unknown).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Lawley & Sons construction trades (Neponset, 1943); crew and embarked flag staff (1943-46); embarked infantry troops in LCI(L) role (up to ~188 per landing cycle)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestones generally track official Navy data and the page credits Turner Publishing's USS LCI Vol. II as its source. The CO attribution 'LTjg. J. A. Edwards USNR in command (May 1945)' is ambiguous - it establishes Edwards as CO as of May 1945, not necessarily the commissioning CO. No campaign/battle-star table appears on the page. Contains no asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-01
-
[3]Shipbuilding History (T. Colton), 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) - LCI(L)' construction table and program summary [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm - table row '369', intro paragraphs
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The construction table lists hull 369 under 'LCI(L), Lawley & Sons, Neponset MA,' variant flag FF, delivery 31-Aug-43, disposition 'Sold 1947.' Program summary: 923 LCI(L)s built by only ten shipyards; the basic design (first 350 boats) was 158.5 ft / 216 t light, the remainder six inches longer and 30 tons heavier - hull 369 sits in the later band; variants LC(FF), LCI(G), LCI(M), LCI(R); 'the very small number that were still active in the US Navy in 1949 were redesignated LSILs'; 'Most of these boats were sold after the war but there are few records of who bought them or what they were used for.' Sister hulls 367, 368, and 370 are likewise flagged FF in the table - the same flagship-conversion group.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Lawley & Sons construction trades (1943); disposal/sale-era custodians (1946-47)
- Limitations
- Editorially maintained shipbuilding reference, not a registry - the table's 'Delivery' column tracks delivery-to-Navy (here = commissioning date). 'Sold 1947' conflicts with NavSource/uboat.net's 'sold 10 October 1946' - carried in gaps; neither source gives buyer or final disposition. Says nothing about materials or asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-02
-
[4]National Archives, Special List #44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number index for RG 24 Entry 118 deck-log holdings) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List #44 ship-number PDF, p. 15, LCI(L)(FF) section, row 'LCI(L)(FF)-369 8/31/1943 6/30/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's own logbook inventory lists 'LCI(L)(FF)-369 | 8/31/1943 | 6/30/1945' - deck logs for this hull covering the documented commissioning date (31 August 1943) through 30 June 1945, held in the RG 24 Entry 118 Navy deck-log collection (series NAID 581208). The hull is filed under its later flotilla-flagship styling 'LCI(L)(FF)-369' - one of the consecutive LCI(L)(FF)-367/368/369/370 flagship entries on the same page.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-08-31 to 1945-06-30 (inventoried coverage)
- Population
- Officers of the deck, crew, and embarked flag staff recorded in the logs (1943-45)
- Limitations
- Inventory-level record: establishes that deck logs for this hull exist in NARA custody (and their coverage span), not their contents - the logs are not digitized (confirmed against NARA's 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' list, which contains no WWII LCI(L) entries; its only LCI-derived entry is postwar AMCU-26 ex-LCI-874). The coverage start equals the commissioning date; the uniform '6/30/1945' end across most LCI(L) entries reflects a 1947-compiled accession boundary, not the ship's decommissioning - post-June-1945 logs are not in this inventory. Log-coverage dates are not asserted service dates. The '(FF)' styling is the filing designation at inventory time; the formal LC(FF) reclassification was 31 December 1944 per NavSource/uboat.net.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-03
-
[5]uboat.net Allied Warships entry, USS LCI(L)-369 (LCI 351 class) - construction data, LC(FF) reclassification date, disposal [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/21393.html - data table ('History' line)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Corroborates the construction and designation record: pennant LCI(L)-369; built by George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; ordered 9 March 1943; laid down 9 August 1943; launched 27 August 1943; commissioned 31 August 1943; 'Reclassified as LC(FF), Landing Craft Flotilla Flagship on 31 December 1944'; 'Sold on 10 October 1946.' The index carries no commanding-officer list and no wartime events for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Lawley & Sons construction trades (1943)
- Limitations
- Volunteer-maintained secondary index; construction data corroborate NavSource/shipbuildinghistory rather than add new authority. No CO list and no event history exists for this hull in the index. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-04
-
[6]NHHC online reading room, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (official wartime fleet organization document) - LCI Flotilla Twenty-Three structure [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC US Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945, LCI FLOTILLA TWENTY-THREE / LCI GROUP 67 / LCI DIVISION 133 block (printed p. 83)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization document confirms the command structure this hull's documented assignment sits inside: 'LCI FLOTILLA TWENTY-THREE' containing 'LCI GROUP 67' (ComLCIGrp 67 - Lt. Cdr. A. H. Conners USNR) and 'LCI DIVISION 133' (member hulls LCI 351-356, marked '(M)'). The flagship LC(FF)-369 herself is not itemized as a division member - the document lists flotilla/group flagship hulls only inconsistently ((FF) markers appear on some member hulls elsewhere, e.g. 'LCI 1080 (FF)' in Division 134), and the flotilla-commander line is blank where NavSource names LCDR R. H. Brazeal.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-01 (document date)
- Population
- Flotilla 23 / Group 67 staff and member-hull crews (May 1945)
- Limitations
- The document does not name hull 369 - it corroborates the existence and 1 May 1945 command structure of Flotilla 23 / Group 67 / Division 133, the assignment NavSource/Turner attributes to this hull; the flagship is not listed as a division member. Citation_type nhhc_danfs used for NHHC-hosted official document (not a DANFS entry). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-05
-
[7]HyperWar, 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945: Landing Ships and Craft' - LC(FF) flagship listing and LC(FF)-399 class specification page (transcription of official USN ship data) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/ships-lc.html - 'LC(FF) -- Landing Craft, Flotilla Flagships' table row 'LC(FF)-367-370'; LCFF/LCFF-399.html spec block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Class-level documentation of the flagship conversion: the index lists 'LC(FF)-367-370' as a 1943-44 flotilla-flagship group - hull 369 sits inside that group. The class spec page (LC(FF)-399) documents the type: Landing Craft, Flotilla Flagship, 387 tons, 160' length, 23'3" beam, 15.5 knots, armament 4 x 20mm, complement 3 officers + 21 enlisted, '8 GM diesel engine (4 per shaft) twin variable-pitch screws' - 'Converted from Landing Craft, Infantry (Large)-- LCI(L)--to carry flag officers and crew.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- Flag staff embarked on LC(FF) conversions (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Class-level record - it establishes that hull 369 falls inside the LC(FF)-367-370 flagship group and what the conversion was for (embarking flotilla command staff); it gives no hull-specific conversion date or work detail for 369 (the 31 Dec 1944 reclassification comes from NavSource/uboat.net). LC(FF) spec figures differ slightly from the LCI(L) ship-page block (3+21 vs 4+24 complement; 387 t vs 236 t light basis) - variants noted in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications block (8 x GM 6051-series-71 diesels, 4 per shaft; GM main reduction gears; twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; two diesel-drive 30 kW 120 V DC ship's-service generators); HyperWar LC(FF) class spec (8 GM diesels); GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-09); Rushworth NEJ 2005 (ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 150369.htm specifications block; HyperWar ships-lc.html LC(FF) spec; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; NEJ 117(2) 2005
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- An all-diesel landing craft built August 1943 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard asbestos applications aboard a welded-steel diesel amphibious craft of this type and period were machinery gaskets and valve/flange packing, engine and exhaust-system lagging, electrical insulation, and brake linings on the bow-ramp winch and windlass machinery. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; exposure-relevant confined spaces were her engine room and machinery spaces. The December 1944 LC(FF) conversion added flag-staff accommodation and communications spaces - additional electrical-scope outfitting consistent with era practice.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Lawley & Sons construction trades (1943); crew and embarked flag staff (1943-46); 1944 LC(FF)-conversion yard trades (location undocumented); sale/disposal custodians (1946-47)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, builder specification sheet, conversion work package, or material list was located for this class or this hull; product names are normalized era terms and no manufacturer attribution exists for this hull. The LCI(L) was an austere, simply fitted combat craft and its asbestos-relevant material load was materially lower than a steam vessel's - but 'lower' is not 'none,' and this row asserts no ship-specific fact. The conversion-scope remark is era inference, not a documented work item.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-07
-
[9]Rushworth, Denis H., 'The Navy and Asbestos Thermal Insulation,' Naval Engineers Journal 117(2), 1 April 2005, pp. 35-48, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2005.tb00336.x (peer-reviewed journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- NEJ 117(2) 2005 article record + abstract, ingentaconnect art00012
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed Naval Engineers Journal article documents that asbestos 'was once used in U. S. Navy shipboard pipe and machinery thermal insulation and in many other shipboard products,' that plaintiffs in asbestos lawsuits 'include many who were exposed to asbestos while serving in Navy ships built during and following WWII,' and that 'the most likely source of their Navy shipboard exposures was thermal insulation' because the materials were 'dry, friable, and easily accessible.' Covers this hull's construction and service era at the practice level.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- WWII-1970s practice era
- Population
- Navy shipboard crews of WWII-and-later construction (practice-level)
- Limitations
- Era/practice-level documentation - names no hull and no product list for this vessel; establishes the Navy-era practice, not installed materials aboard LCI(L)-369. Abstract-level read; article body not retrieved (paywalled $22.14; abstract and record page verified live via Firecrawl - direct curl returns 403). No quantity, product, or individual exposure data.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships through the period covering this hull's construction and service (1943-46), and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (report); WWII-1970s use era
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; Navy asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports Navy-era context only, not any fact specific to this hull or this class. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch (standing limitation confirmed in batches 01, 98, and 5069); content via product-page description per standing batch practice.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-09
-
[11]NARA Catalog items for this hull via DPLA mirror (National Archives at College Park - Textual Reference): WWII War Diaries (RG 38/CNO collection) and Muster Rolls (Bureau of Naval Personnel collection) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DPLA search '"LCI(L)-369"' - 7 NARA items; NAIDs 78193129, 135964470, 134351581, 78351139, 78413862, 78448608, 120186034
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Seven NARA catalog records name this hull: 'USS LCI(L) 369 - War Diary, 8/31/43 to 9/30/43' (NAID 78193129); 'USS LCI (L) 369 - War Diary, 10/1-31/43' (NAID 135964470); 'USS LCI(L) 369 - War Diary, 11/1-30/43' (NAID 134351581); 'USS LCI(L) 369 - War Diary, 3/1-31/44' (NAID 78351139); 'USS LCI(L) 369 - War Diary, 4/1-30/44' (NAID 78413862); 'USS LCI(L) 369 - War Diary, 5/1-31/44' (NAID 78448608); and 'LCI(L) 369 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120186034). The Aug-Sept 1943 diary opens on the commissioning date.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-08 to 1944-05 (located diary months)
- Population
- LCI(L)-369 crew (1943-44 diary span; muster-roll span)
- Limitations
- Archival leads only: catalog titles establish that ship-specific war diaries and muster rolls exist at Archives II, not their contents - catalog.archives.gov pages are JS-rendered and did not return usable API results this session; titles and NAIDs transcribed via the DPLA mirror, contents unverified. Whether diaries continue past May 1944 (and through the LC(FF) conversion period) was not confirmed - the DPLA result set showed 7 items total. No asbestos content demonstrated.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-10
-
[12]Batch-5094 search ledger (this record): NARA Special List 44 PDF; NavSource ship page; shipbuildinghistory LCI(L) table; uboat.net warship entry; NHHC Pacific Fleet organization 1 May 1945; HyperWar landing-craft list + LC(FF)-399 spec; NARA catalog via DPLA; NARA online deck-log list; NHHC DANFS; usslci.org; TracesOfWar occupation-report index; NPS NRHP nomination for sister hull LCI(L)-713; GAO product page; CourtListener API v4; secondary web sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, hull material list, or litigation naming LCI(L)-369 / LC(FF)-369 / LCI(L)(FF)-369 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned count 0 on every query - opinions (type=o) for 'LCI(L)-369', 'LC(FF)-369', 'LCI-369', 'LCFF-369', 'LCI(L)(FF)-369', and '"LCI(L)" asbestos'; and dockets/RECAP (type=r) for '"LCI(L)-369" OR "LC(FF)-369"' (count 0, document_count 0). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case or marketing page asserting asbestos aboard this hull - only NavSource/uboat/list-mirror hits and a SecNav occupation-eligibility list reproduction matching NavSource. The one detailed class-level primary record examined - the NPS NRHP nomination for surviving sister hull LCI(L)-713 (full text extracted) - contains no mention of asbestos, insulation, hazmat, or abatement. The Inland Sea occupation report indexed at TracesOfWar names sister flagships LC(FF)-1081/1083 but not this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era-consistent materials could have been present and simply undocumented for an austere auxiliary-type craft with a brief service life and a 1946-47 disposal. The litigation sweep covers CourtListener opinions and RECAP dockets only; state-court filings were not searched. Deck logs (NARA RG 24 E-118), the six located war diaries, and muster rolls are undigitized leads that could hold ship-specific material detail. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-11
-
[13]USS LCI National Association, 'Combat Awards' page (veterans' association site) - Navy Cross citation transcription containing a hull-number misprint [other_primary]
- Locator
- usslci.org/combat-awards/ - entry headed 'Junior Grade Gerald Martin Connors, United States Naval Reserve'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION (hull-identity collision): the Combat Awards page transcribes the Navy Cross citation of LTjg Gerald Martin Connors USNR and styles his command 'Landing Craft Infantry Gunboat FOUR HUNDRED SIXTY-NINE (LCI(G)-369)' - the spelled-out 'FOUR HUNDRED SIXTY-NINE' and the citation's own later reference to 'the 469' show the decorated ship was LCI(G)-469, a gunboat of LCI(G) Group Eight at Iwo Jima, 17 February 1945; the parenthetical '(LCI(G)-369)' is a transcription slip for LCI(G)-469. A search for '369' on usslci.org surfaces this citation and could misattribute a Navy Cross to this hull - the award belongs to hull 469's CO, not to LCI(L)/LC(FF)-369.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-02-17 (action date)
- Limitations
- Corrects a circulating transcription collision, not a material claim about this hull. The citation itself is genuine but belongs to LCI(G)-469; the misprint is in the veterans' association transcription, not necessarily in the underlying award text (unverified against the original). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-369-lcil369-12