Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
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[1]research packet ow-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (identity only; builder/dates unsourced)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-371-lcil371-pkt-ow-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-371 (10/15/150371) - construction, commissioning, flotilla assignment, campaign table, awards, disposal (history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150371.htm header block, campaign table, awards block, commanding-officers table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 23 August 1943 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; launched 13 September 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-371, 18 September 1943, LT. Eugene Gooding, USNR, in command. Assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCI Flotilla Nineteen (LCDR E. C. Folger), LCI Group Fifty-Seven (LCDR A. J. Ormstom), LCI Division One Hundred Thirteen. Asiatic-Pacific Campaign: Marianas operation - Capture and occupation of Saipan, 15 June to 3 July 1944. Decommissioned, date unknown. Struck from the Naval Register in 1946. Earned one battle star for WWII service plus the Navy Unit Commendation as a member of LCI(G) Flotilla 3. Transferred to the Maritime Commission 29 December 1947; final disposition 'fate unknown.' Commanding officers listed: LT. Eugene (John) Gooding USNR (18 Sep 1943 - ?); LTjg. B. M. Daniel USNR (May 1945). Individual award noted: LT. Eugene Gooding, CO of USS LCI(G)-371, earned the Silver Star at Saipan.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Aug-Sep 1943); crew (4 officers + 24 enlisted) and embarked troops (to 188), 1943-45
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates generally track official records and its history is credited to the Turner Publishing LCI history. Contains no asbestos content. 'Decommissioned, date unknown' is carried as-is; stricken-year and transfer dates are stated without day-precision for the strike.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-371-01
-
[3]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LCI(L)-371 (ship/21395) - build dates, LCI(G) reclassification date, and patrol-report-derived 1945 escort events [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21395 - specification table and 'Notable events' section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Corroborates builder and milestones: ordered 9 March 1943; built by George Lawley & Sons, Neponset MA; laid down 23 August 1943; launched 13 September 1943; commissioned 18 September 1943; 'Reclassified as LCI(G), Landing Craft Guns on 15 June 1944.' Documents January-February 1945 service at Saipan under Lt.(jg) B. M. Daniel, USNR, escorting submarines: escorted USS Charr into Saipan 11 January 1945; rendezvoused with and escorted in USS Devilfish 12 January 1945; escorted USS Thresher, Shad, Peto, and Tilefish departing Saipan for patrol areas 13 February 1945 (escort until 2320K).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- crew, 1945 (LTjg B. M. Daniel USNR commanding)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation built from submarine patrol reports - the escort entries name this hull repeatedly and are consistent with NavSource's CO listing (Daniel). The uboat.net page lists her under LCI(L)-371 although the formal LCI(G) reclassification is dated 15 June 1944 - patrol-report transcription style retains the earlier designation. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-371-02
-
[4]Robert J. Cressman, The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II (NHHC publication; verbatim transcription via HyperWar/ibiblio), entry for 18 June 1944 [other_primary]
- Locator
- USN-Chron-1944.html, '18 June, Sun.' Pacific entries
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- 18 June 1944, off Garapan, Saipan: 'Destroyer Phelps (DD-360), along with infantry landing craft (gunboat) [LCI(G)] and amphibian tractors [LVT(A)] oppose between 25 and 30 Japanese landing barges, southward-bound off Garapan, Saipan, sinking 13 and putting the rest to flight. Off Saipan, battleship California (BB-44) is damaged by friendly fire; destroyer Phelps (DD-360), LCI(G)-371, and motor minesweeper YMS-323 are damaged by shore battery off Garapan, 14 deg 58 min N, 146 deg 21 min E.' Documents this hull by number in the night action against the Japanese 118th Infantry Regiment's Daihatsu barge counterattack out of Tanapag Harbor, 17-18 June 1944, and battle damage from a Japanese coastal battery.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 17-18 June 1944
- Population
- crew under LT. Eugene Gooding USNR (Silver Star awarded for Saipan service per NavSource); embarked gun crews
- Limitations
- Official NHHC chronology naming this hull - establishes combat presence and shore-battery damage at Saipan, not material content. The chronology uses the post-conversion designation LCI(G)-371, consistent with the 15 June 1944 reclassification. A wargame publisher's scenario page (Avalanche Press) describes the same action naming LCI(G)-371 but is corroborative secondary material, not cited as authority. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-371-03
-
[5]Navy Unit Commendation, LCI(G) Flotilla Three, Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet - full citation text and ship list transcribed at NavSource (signed James Forrestal, Secretary of the Navy) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/15000031.htm - citation text and flotilla ship list
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The NUC citation commends LCI(G) Flotilla THREE for 'outstanding heroism in action in support of amphibious landings on enemy Japanese-held Kwajalein and Eniwetok Atolls in the Marshall Islands, and on Saipan, Guam and Tinian in the Marianas, from January 31 to July 28, 1944,' describing close-range rocket and gunfire against beach defenses, unswept-channel navigation, serious damage under enemy fire, smoke/screens, anti-barge counterattack disruption, and patrols in support of reconnaissance and demolition parties. The authorizing ship list explicitly includes LCI(G) 371 among the 40 flotilla hulls (77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 345-348, 365, 366, 371, 372, 373, 437-442, 449-463, 470, 725, 726).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-01-31 to 1944-07-28
- Population
- all personnel serving in Flotilla Three ships, 31 January - 28 July 1944
- Limitations
- Unit-level commendation: documents that this hull was a member of the cited flotilla during the window; does not by itself establish her presence at each named operation. Her Saipan participation is separately documented (battle star, Cressman chronology entry, shore-battery damage). Note the flotilla-number question: NavSource lists her LCI(L)-era administrative assignment as Flotilla Nineteen/Group Fifty-Seven/Division One Hundred Thirteen, while the NUC places the hull in LCI(G) Flotilla Three - consistent with reassignment to the gunboat flotilla on conversion, but no primary document reconciling the two was located. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-371-04
-
[6]NavSource photo captions, USS LCI(L)-371 page - San Clemente Island grounding and salvage (US Navy photo ATD P.H. 7015, 1-44, Acorn Training Detachment, Port Hueneme, CA); NHHC photo NH 86180 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150371.htm image captions (San Clemente series; NH 86180; Orange TX 1946)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Photograph captions document: LCI(L)-371 'hard aground on San Clemente Island, CA., 6 January to 7 February 1944,' forced onto the rocks during amphibious exercises in January 1944; she 'had to be transported about 2000 yards overland on the beach before she could be refloated and towed by the salvage tug Viking to San Diego for repairs.' A further captioned photo (US Naval History and Heritage Command photo NH 86180) shows her underway in San Francisco Bay at the end of World War II, circa 1945; a 1946 photo shows ex-LCI(L)-371 alongside ex-LCI(R)-645 and other LCIs tied to trees on the Sabine River at Orange, TX.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-01-06 to 1946
- Population
- salvage and repair workers at San Diego, Feb-Mar 1944 (yard not specified); crew
- Limitations
- Photo-caption documentation transcribed by NavSource contributors (one series credited to family of the commanding officer); the underlying Navy photographs are NARA/NHHC-held. Establishes a January-February 1944 repair availability at San Diego - a documented yard event on this hull - but no work package or materials record was located. The circa-1946 Orange TX photo documents reserve-fleet layup location only. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-371-05
-
[7]ShipbuildingHistory yard table for George S. Lawley & Sons, Neponset MA (live mirror at Naval Marine Archive; original timcolton/shipbuildinghistory.com compilation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Lawley hull table, WWII LCI(L) rows (delivery 18-Sep-1943); yard-history narrative header
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The builder's hull table lists a 158-ft US Navy LCI(L) delivered 18-Sep-1943 with disposition note 'Later LCI(G)371, sold 1947?' - corroborating the Lawley build, the delivery/commissioning date, the LCI(G) conversion, and post-transfer sale. Yard history: George S. Lawley Sr. founded the yard at Scituate MA in 1866, moved to City Point, South Boston in 1874, and to the former Putnam Nail Works at Point Norfolk, Neponset, in 1909; the yard served as the primary design yard for the LCI(L) program (drawings shared with other builders), pioneered the LCS(L) 'Mighty Midget' gunboat on the same hull, and closed in 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Lawley construction and fitting-out trades, Neponset, Aug-Sep 1943
- Limitations
- Secondary yard-history compilation; the 'sold 1947?' disposition carries the compiler's own question mark - consistent with, but not proof of, the post-Maritime-Commission outcome. Yard-level asbestos documentation for Lawley (a private yard that closed in 1945, before OSHA-era surveys existed) was not located. No asbestos content in the cited page.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-371-06
-
[8]NARA, Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (NARS 1978), signal-designation section - LCI(L)-371 entry (page-image scan read at ACPL Genealogy Center mirror) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List 44 p.337, LCI(L)-371 row ('3' logbooks, 'Sept. 18, 1943-June 30, 1945'); ACPL scan narasl44/363.jpg
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Special List 44 (book page 337, 'Ships with Symbol and Number Designations') inventories three deck logbooks for LCI(L)-371 spanning 'Sept. 18, 1943-June 30, 1945' - i.e., from her commissioning date through mid-1945, covering her entire documented combat service. The logs are held at NARA (College Park) and constitute the primary archival source for her movements, availabilities, and any in-service work. Notably, the SL44 entry lists her under the original designation LCI(L)-371 while sister hulls 372 and 373 on the same page carry the LCI(L)(G) form.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-09-18 to 1945-06-30
- Limitations
- The SL44 inventory records that the logs existed in NARA custody as of the 1978 compilation - coverage dates are log-coverage dates, not commissioning/decommissioning assertions. Digitization status of these logbooks was not confirmed this session (NARA catalog search is JS-rendered and could not be queried programmatically). 'Batch prompt's 'PDF page 23' locator resolved to printed page 337 of the volume (ACPL display image 363). Deck-log content itself not reviewed - this is an archival lead, not a reviewed record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-371-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI-351 specifications block (diesel propulsion plant); GAO HRD-80-2 (see ev-09) for the Navy's documented asbestos-insulation era; published description of 'plastic armour' composition (asphalt/bitumen binder with aggregate - NOT asbestos; see ev-11) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block (propulsion); GAO HRD-80-2 product description; era material practice as bounded by the ev-11 correction
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered landing craft built in 1943 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a small diesel combatant of this period were engine exhaust lagging, machinery gaskets and packing, and electrical/cable insulation in the confined hull volume. The type carried no boilers and no steam plant - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of larger combatants does not apply. Diesel engine exhaust systems of the era were commonly insulated/lagged with asbestos-containing materials, and WWII-era gasket and packing stock commonly contained asbestos fiber.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1943); crew and embarked troops (1943-45); San Diego repair workers (Feb 1944); disposal workers post-1947
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or specification sheet located for LCI(L)-371 or the LCI-351 class's construction drawings. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. The Lawley build (a former yacht yard under emergency wartime LCI contracts) means the builder's specific material suppliers are undocumented here.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-371-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1943) and service era (1943-c.1945/46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (report); exposure era 1940s-1970s
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and ship crews; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches, confirmed this session 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description, same access limitation as noted in prior batch records.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-371-09
-
[11]Batch-5097 search ledger (this record): NavSource page + NUC citation page + photo captions; uboat.net warship entry; Cressman official chronology (HyperWar); NARA Special List 44 scan (ACPL mirror); Lawley yard table (navalmarinearchive/shipbuildinghistory); CourtListener API v4 (opinions + dockets); NVR check; NARA catalog (JS-blocked); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-371-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-371-14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming LCI(L)-371 / LCI(G)-371 was found in the sources searched. CourtListener API v4 returned zero results for opinions on 'LCI(L)-371', 'LCI(G)-371', 'LCI-371', and the OR-variant set, and zero results for dockets on 'LCI(L)-371' and 'LCI(G)-371'. The only asbestos assertions for LCI-type hulls found on the open web are law-firm marketing listicles (no primary sourcing) - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1943 diesel combatant sits within the documented Navy asbestos era. NARA deck logs (3 volumes, 1943-1945) are undigitized or unverified and may hold availability/work detail; Lawley yard records and the Maritime Commission disposal file are open leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-371-10
-
[12]Plastic armour composition reference (Wikipedia, corroborated by official U.S. Navy administrative history ch. III 'Arming of Merchant Ships' at HyperWar describing poured plastic armor splinter panels) - applied to the LCI-351 spec line '2" plastic splinter protection on gun turrets, conning tower and pilot house' [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wikipedia 'Plastic armour' (composition: aggregate in bitumen matrix); HyperWar 172-AG-3 (2.5-inch poured plastic armor gun-tub description)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION / preventive clarification: the LCI-351 class specification's '2-inch plastic splinter protection' could be misread as an asbestos product. Documented WWII 'plastic armour' was an asphaltic material - aggregate in a bitumen matrix, poured in place or formed in steel trays (the Navy's official administrative history of merchant-ship arming describes 2.5-inch poured plastic armor in gun tubs, later 2-23/32-inch panels in 20-gauge steel trays on medium-steel backing). It is not an asbestos-containing material; no asbestos inference should be drawn from this spec line.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940-1945 (WWII splinter-armor era)
- Limitations
- Corrects a plausible misreading, not an asserted error in a carried source. The asphalt/aggregate composition detail rests on the Wikipedia synthesis of the British Admiralty development history; the Navy admin-history chapter (ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/Admin-Hist/172-ArmedGuards/172-AG-3.html) verifies the form factor and use aboard U.S. vessels but not the binder composition line-by-line. Class-level spec note - not hull-specific documentation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-371-11