Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
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[1]research packet oz-packet.md (2 sources cited) [museum_official]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (existence — real identity: USS LCI(L)-404; designation LCI(L); type: Landing Craft Infantry
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-pkt-oz-packet-md
-
[2]National Archives and Records Administration, Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1978), p. 338 - entry 'LCI(L)(G)-404' (scanned page via Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center mirror) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SL44 printed p. 338, 'Ships with Symbol and Number Designations' section, LCI(L)(G)-404 line (ACPL image narasl44/364.jpg)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Special List 44 inventories three deck logbooks for 'LCI(L)(G)-404' covering Jan. 15, 1944 - June 30, 1945 - the commissioning-to-mid-1945 window. These are log-coverage dates, not asserted commissioning or decommissioning dates; the '(G)' reflects the hull's 1944 reclassification. Logs are physical holdings (RG 24); not reviewed for content.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (log coverage); inventory published 1978
- Limitations
- Establishes that deck logs for this hull exist at NARA for the stated span - an archival lead only. Contents unexamined; a deck-log inventory says nothing about vessel materials or asbestos. Triage-stage locator 'PDF page 14' does not map to published pagination - the verified entry sits on printed p. 338 (ACPL scan 364).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-01
-
[3]NARA catalog, WWII War Diaries file units for LCI(G)-404 (RG: Records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations) - nine monthly file units, e.g. 'LCI(G)-404 - War Diary, 11/1-30/44' (NAID 139769930, micro serial 98974) and 'USS LCI(G) 404 - War Diary, 8/1-31/44' (NAID 78602863, micro serial 84621) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DPLA/NARA search 'LCI(G) 404' -> 9 file units; representative NAIDs 139769930, 78602863
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Nine war-diary file units for this hull are cataloged at NARA covering May-June 1944, July, August, September-October, November, December 1944, and January, February, July 1945 - including the January 1945 diary covering the suicide-swimmer attack period. Diaries sit in the WWII War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories series; contents not reviewed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-05 to 1945-07
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - establishes that contemporaneous operational narratives exist for this hull; contents unexamined and may or may not address the 8 Jan 1945 attack in detail. A war diary says nothing about vessel materials or asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-02
-
[4]NARA catalog, 'LCI(L) 404 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120184105), file unit in 'Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities' (RG 24) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 120184105 (catalog.archives.gov)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Digitized muster rolls for this hull exist as a NARA catalog file unit - crew rosters for personnel-assignment verification across her Navy service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1948 (U.S. Navy service window)
- Population
- Crew (rosters)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - roster data establishes who served aboard, not what materials were aboard; contents not reviewed. No exposure inference drawn.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-03
-
[5]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, 'USS LCI(G)-404 ex USS LCI(L)-404 (1944-1945)' page (history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/10/15/150404.htm (live verified 2026-09-30); damage photos 1015040403-1015040405
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity and milestones: laid down 2 Jan 1944 at George Lawley & Sons Shipbuilding Corp., Neponset, MA; launched 9 Jan 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-404 15 Jan 1944; reclassified LCI(G)-404 15 Jun 1944; Asiatic-Pacific Theater, Western Caroline Islands operation (capture and occupation of southern Palau Islands, 6 Oct-14 Nov 1944); one battle star; Combat Action Ribbon (retroactive, 'suicide boat attack at Palau'); decommissioned and struck dates unknown; transferred to Republic of the Philippines 2 Jul 1948; fate unknown. Photographs document hull damage at Palau and crew drydock repairs. Specifications: 216 t. light / 389 t. loaded; 158'5.5"; diesel propulsion (two sets of 4 GM diesels, 1,600 BHP, twin variable-pitch propellers); LCI(G) armament two 40mm, four 20mm, six .50cal, ten Mk7 rocket launchers; 2-inch plastic splinter protection.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Limitations
- Secondary aggregation (Turner Publishing LCI history) - the standard public reference for hull identity; decommissioned and stricken dates absent. Contains no asbestos or materials information and supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-04
-
[6]Robert J. Cressman, The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II (Naval Historical Center publication, HyperWar transcription), entry for 8 January 1945 [other_primary]
- Locator
- USN-Chron-1945, '8 January, Mon.' Pacific section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official Navy chronology records: 'Infantry landing craft (gunboat) LCI(G)-404 is damaged by suicide swimmers, Yoo Passage, Palaus' (8 January 1945). Establishes the documented battle-damage event and the hull's continued Palau operations into 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-01-08
- Limitations
- Establishes the 8 Jan 1945 damage event only. Attack-mode wording differs between sources - chronology says 'suicide swimmers'; NavSource captions the retroactive CAR as 'suicide boat attack at Palau' - the discrepancy is disclosed, not merged. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-05
-
[7]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, USS LCI(L)-404 (LCI(L)-404) record, LCI 351 class [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship record 21446, data table and history line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent secondary record corroborating the build/service spine: built by George Lawley & Sons (Neponset, MA); ordered 9 March 1943; laid down 2 January 1944; launched 9 January 1944; commissioned 15 January 1944; reclassified LCI(G) 15 June 1944; transferred to the Philippines 2 July 1948.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1948
- Limitations
- Secondary database, volunteer-maintained - used for corroboration of milestones already sourced to NavSource and for the 9 March 1943 order/contract date, which NavSource does not state. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-06
-
[8]Shipbuildinghistory (T. Colton) yard table, 'George S. Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA' - via Naval Marine Archive mirror [other_primary]
- Locator
- lawley.html 'Built in Neponset' table, LCI(L) 404 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder's production table lists 'LCI(L) 404 / US Navy / Landing Craft / 216d / 158 / 15-Jan-44' among Lawley's Neponset-built wartime LCI(L)s - independently corroborating builder, type, displacement class, and completion date. The yard page records Lawley's WWII landing-craft production run at Neponset and the firm's 1945 closure (wartime mass-producer of LCI(L)s and the purpose-built LCS(L) gunboats).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Limitations
- Secondary yard table - corroborates construction attribution only; 'completed 15-Jan-44' coincides with the commissioning date and is not independently a delivery or commissioning record. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications (diesel LCI-351 design, no steam plant); documented WWII shipbuilding asbestos use (ev-09 Corn & Starr 1987); Navy asbestos-insulation era documentation (ev-10 GAO HRD-80-2) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; class-era sources at ev-09, ev-10
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered landing craft delivered January 1944 sits inside the documented WWII shipbuilding asbestos era; era-standard applications aboard a diesel vessel of this type were engine and exhaust lagging, gaskets and flange packing, thermal insulation in machinery and accommodation spaces, and electrical insulation in the confined hull volume. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1948 (USN service); post-1948 undocumented
- Population
- Construction trades (Neponset, 1944); crew (1944-48); unknown post-1948 Philippine-service personnel
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-404. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-08
-
[10]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this serial-built 1944 landing craft was produced - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in naval and merchant hull construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or the LCI type and does not establish that asbestos was installed aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-09
-
[11]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction and U.S. Navy service era (1944-48).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403 - same standing access gap noted in Batch 01 and 98) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-10
-
[12]Library of Congress, Veterans History Project - Donald E. Procknow Collection (AFC/2001/001/66035) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Veterans History Project service summary, loc.gov/item/afc2001001.66035
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- LoC VHP service record: Donald E. Procknow, Navy, USS LCI-404 (Landing Craft Infantry), dates of service 1943-1946, service history note 'The veteran served as an engineering officer'; locations Hawaii, Guam, Philippines, Pacific Theater - a firsthand collection tied to this hull's engineering spaces during her Pacific service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Individual crew member (engineering officer)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - establishes that a documented engineering officer served aboard this hull; collection contents (memoir/papers/oral history) not reviewed and not claimed to discuss shipboard materials or asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-11
-
[13]Batch-5116 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (no entry - URL 404); Naval Vessel Register (no entry - hull disposed pre-1987); CourtListener API v4 opinion and docket search for 'LCI(L)-404', 'LCI(G)-404', 'LCI-404' (0 results each); targeted web sweep for law-firm/marketing asbestos pages naming this hull (none located); NARA/LoC/DPLA archival search (leads only - see ev-01/02/03/11) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming LCI(L)-404 or LCI(G)-404 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). No DANFS entry exists. CourtListener returned zero opinion and zero docket hits for all hull-designation variants.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 serial wartime build is era-consistent with asbestos use. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. Unexamined NARA deck logs, war diaries, and muster rolls remain the open leads.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-404-lcil404-12