Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]research packet oz-packet.md (6 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (existence — real identity: USS LCI(L)-409; designation LCI(L); type: Landing Craft Infantry
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-409-lcil409-pkt-oz-packet-md
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[2]NARA Special List #44, 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947,' by Ship Numbers (archives.gov PDF) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 23: 'LCI(L)-409 1/25/1944 2/28/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 inventories Navy deck logs for LCI(L)-409 covering 1/25/1944 through 2/28/1945 - the log series begins on her documented commissioning date (25 January 1944) and covers her in-scope wartime service including the Normandy and Southern France operations. These are log-coverage dates, not asserted commissioning or decommissioning dates.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-01-25 to 1945-02-28 (inventory window)
- Population
- Crew of LCI(L)-409 (deck-log coverage window Jan 1944 - Feb 1945)
- Limitations
- Inventory coverage only - establishes that deck logs for this hull exist in RG 24 for the stated window, not their content or digitization status. LCI(L)-409 does not appear in NARA's published online deck-log list (named-vessel index), so the logs are not confirmed digitized. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-409-01
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[3]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive, 'AMCU-9 ex-LCI(L)-409' (milestone timeline, specifications, captioned NARA/U.S. Navy photographs) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 11/0409.htm header block, narrative, specifications block, and photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull (same physical hull consolidated as AMCU-9): laid down 15 January 1944 by George Lawley and Sons Corp., Neponset, MA; launched 20 January 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-409 on 25 January 1944 under LTJG J. P. Gilligan, USN. Assigned to the European Theater: invasion of Normandy 6-25 June 1944 (landed Co. E, 115th Infantry on Omaha Beach) and invasion of Southern France 15 August - 16 September 1944; earned two battle stars. Reclassified Coastal Minesweeper (Underwater Locator) AMCU-9 on 10 March 1945; embarked General Electric employees and Bureau of Ships officers 1 July - 27 August 1945 for underwater sound-testing experiments off Block Island, RI and Niantic Bay, CT; decommissioned July 1946 at San Francisco; transferred to the War Shipping Administration October 1947; registered 1950 to Sundfelt Equipment Co., Inc. of Seattle, WA as freighter SR 9; abandoned 1953; fate unknown. Specifications (LCI(L) configuration): 216 t. light / 389 t. loaded; 158' 5.5" x 23' 3"; complement 23; troop capacity 188; propulsion two sets of four 225-bhp GM 6051-71 diesel engines, GM single reduction gear, two shafts, variable-pitch propellers. Captioned photographs document her on building ways at Lawley 16-18 January 1944 (NARA-collection Lawley yard photos) and returning to Boston Navy Yard with LCI(L)-410 in late 1944 (U.S. Navy photo, 1st Naval District Commandant). Page states: 'There is no DANFS History currently available for AMCU-9.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1953
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Jan 1944); crew (1944-46); embarked troops (Co. E, 115th Infantry, June 1944); GE/BuShips test personnel (Jul-Aug 1945); merchant crews (1950-53)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry; milestone dates track official records but rest on the compilers' sourcing. The timeline's 'Transferred to the Maritime Commission for lay up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet' line is chronologically inconsistent with the documented 1945 AMCU-9 sound-test work and most likely belongs to the post-decommissioning disposition chain - flagged in gaps rather than resolved. No stricken date is given. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-409-02
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[4]Commanding Officer, USS LCI(L) 409, after-action report excerpt - 'Amphibious Operations, Invasion of Northern France, Western Task Force, June 1944' (transcription on dday-overlord.com; original in NARA WWII action reports, RG 38) [other_primary]
- Locator
- dday-overlord.com LCI(L) 409 AAR page, report body ('From: Commanding Officer USS LCI(L) 409 (OMAHA BEACH)')
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The commanding officer's after-action report for this hull documents LCI(L)-409 in the first-wave Omaha Beach assault, 6 June 1944: troops had been embarked aboard the vessel since 31 May (over five days); the craft proceeded to the beach from the line of departure using a 'Queen' flag marker as guide, weaving through loaded LCTs and small boats standing off the beach; no marked channel through obstacles was seen. Original report is held among NARA's WWII action-report series (RG 38); the archived transcription is the access path.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-05-31 to 1944-06-06
- Population
- Crew and embarked 115th Infantry troops (May-June 1944)
- Limitations
- Transcription fidelity against the NARA original is unverified - the host is a private history site, not an archive; the row is carried as an archival lead, not verified text. Confirms operational presence, not material content. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-409-03
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[5]MIT Museum, Hart Nautical Collections - organization record, 'George Lawley & Son,' Neponset, MA [museum_official]
- Locator
- MIT Museum organization record 1754, Description paragraph and Related objects (LCI(L) plan 1988.075R.001)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Museum documentation of this hull's builder: the Lawley family yard at Neponset, Massachusetts, operated from the 1860s to the 1940s, was a primary New England producer of yachts and working vessels, and 'built both wood and steel vessels, including dozens of World War II landing craft, before closing in 1946.' The MIT Museum's McInnis-Lawley collection holds the yard's plans and records, including LCI(L) material (object 1988.075R.001).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940s (WWII production window)
- Population
- Lawley yard construction trades (WWII era)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation, not a hull record: establishes the builder's WWII landing-craft production and the archive where Lawley construction drawings survive, not the materials installed aboard this specific hull. No asbestos content in the page text.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-409-04
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[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (January 1944) and service era (1944-1947 Navy; merchant to 1953).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-409-05
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[7]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications for this hull (eight GM 6051-71 diesels, two shafts - diesel plant, no boilers); GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-05) Navy-wide asbestos-use era covering 1944 construction; MIT Museum builder record (ev-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 11/0409.htm specifications block; GAO HRD-80-2 product description
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered LCI(L)-351-class landing craft built January 1944 inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era plausibly carried era-standard applications: machinery and diesel-exhaust insulation/lagging, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation. She carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, and a 158-foot amphibious craft's asbestos footprint was far smaller than a steam combatant's.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1953
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Jan 1944); crew (1944-46); BuShips/GE test personnel (1945); merchant crews and any conversion workers (1949-53)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, construction drawing, or work package located for LCI(L)-409. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-409-06
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[8]Batch-5121 search ledger (this record): NARA Special List 44 ship-number PDF; NavSource AMCU-9; NHHC DANFS (no entry); NVR (no entry); MARAD Vessel History Database (no card); MIT Museum; GAO product page; CourtListener opinion+docket searches (4 of 7 queries zero-hit, 3 residual variants paced); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-409-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-409 / AMCU-9 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener returned zero hits for opinion searches '"LCI(L)-409"', '"LCI-409"', and '"AMCU-9"' and for the '"LCI(L)-409"' docket search; three residual variant queries were throttled by fleet pacing this session (see search_ledger). The only 'asbestos aboard' material surfaced is law-firm marketing content (e.g., mesowatch.org's George Lawley & Sons yard page asserting era asbestos use without primary sourcing) - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. Litigation coverage is near-complete but partial: four of seven planned CourtListener queries returned zero hits; '"AMCU-9"'/'"LCI-409"' docket and '"Landing Craft Infantry 409"' opinion queries remained paced at session end. Deck logs (RG 24, Jan 1944-Feb 1945) and Lawley yard work packages (MIT Museum collection) are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-409-07