Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
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[1]research packet pa-packet.md (1 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED. No phantom, no collision.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-pkt-pa-packet-md
-
[2]National Archives and Records Administration, Special List 44 ship-number inventory ('Special List #44, by Ship Numbers', sl-44-ship-number.pdf), PDF p. 23 - entry 'LCI(L)-411' [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 23, row 'LCI(L)-411 1/29/1944 11/30/1944'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Special List 44 ship-number logbook inventory lists Navy deck logs for 'LCI(L)-411' covering 1/29/1944 - 11/30/1944 - the commissioning-to-UK-lease window. These are log-coverage dates, not asserted commissioning or decommissioning dates; the window coincides exactly with this hull's commissioned 29 Jan 1944 and decommissioned/leased 30 Nov 1944 milestones. Logs are physical holdings (RG 24); not reviewed for content.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944 (log coverage); inventory published by NARA
- Limitations
- Establishes that deck logs for this hull exist in the NARA inventory for the stated span - an archival lead only. Contents unexamined; a deck-log inventory says nothing about vessel materials or asbestos. RN-period logs (lease era, Dec 1944 - Sep 1946) fall outside this USN inventory.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-01
-
[3]NARA catalog, 'LCI(L) 411 - Report of Operations, Period 6/5-17/44 - Invasion of Normandy, France' (NAID 78555341, micro serial 81180, file dated 7/3/1944), WWII War Diaries / Other Operational Records and Histories file unit [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov NAID 78555341 (micro serial 81180, file date 3 July 1944)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A ship-specific operational file unit is cataloged at NARA for this hull: her own Report of Operations covering 5-17 June 1944 - the Normandy invasion window matching her credited campaign ('Invasion of Normandy, 6 to 25 June 1944'). The file documents that this hull filed an official after-action report for the operation; contents not reviewed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06-05 to 1944-06-17
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - establishes that a contemporaneous operational report for this hull exists in NARA custody; contents unexamined. The file-unit title corroborates Normandy participation but says nothing about vessel materials or asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-02
-
[4]NARA catalog, 'LCI(L) 411 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120183435), file unit in 'Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities' (RG 24); digitized pages via NARA-Ancestry partnership (muster roll dates include 1944-01-29 and 1944-03-31) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 120183435 (catalog.archives.gov); digital objects scanned under NARA-Ancestry partnership
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Digitized muster rolls for this hull exist as a NARA catalog file unit - crew rosters for personnel-assignment verification across her Navy service, including the 29 January 1944 commissioning-date roll.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944 (U.S. Navy service window)
- Population
- Crew (rosters)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - roster data establishes who served aboard, not what materials were aboard; contents not reviewed. No exposure inference drawn.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-03
-
[5]NARA catalog, flotilla/group-level operational records surfaced by catalog search for this hull: 'COM LCI(L) GR 34 - Rep of Ops During the Invasion of Normandy, France, 6/6/44' (NAID 78605337, micro serial 84847) and 'COM LCI(L) FLOT 12 - War Diary' file units for 8/1-31/44, 9/1-30/44, 10/1-31/44, 11/1-30/44 (NAIDs 78608671, 633387119, 78659875, 139774341); also 'LCI(L) Flotilla 12 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120301315) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov search '"LCI(L) 411"' result set; representative NAIDs 78605337, 78608671, 633387119, 78659875, 139774341, 120301315
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA catalog search for this hull surfaces LCI(L) Group 34's 6 June 1944 Normandy operations report and LCI(L) Flotilla 12 war diaries covering Aug-Nov 1944 plus flotilla muster rolls - echelon-level records under which this hull plausibly operated during her EAME service (the catalog indexes them in association with this hull). These are the group/flotilla files most likely to name the hull's assignments and movements.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06 to 1944-11
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - catalog-surfaced association is not verified membership: this hull's assignment to Group 34 / Flotilla 12 is not independently confirmed by a source read this session, and file contents were not reviewed. A group/flotilla record says nothing about vessel materials or asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-04
-
[6]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, 'USS LCI(L)-411' page (history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/10/15/150411.htm (live verified 2026-09-30); England photo 1015040802/1015040803
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity and milestones: laid down circa 19 Jan 1944 at George Lawley & Sons Corp., Neponset, MA; launched circa 23 Jan 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-411 29 Jan 1944; assigned Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater with one credited campaign - Invasion of Normandy, 6-25 June 1944; decommissioned and leased to the United Kingdom 30 Nov 1944; returned to U.S. Naval custody 24 Sep 1946; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal; sold 20 Oct 1947, fate unknown; earned one battle star for WWII service. Awards listed: American Campaign Medal, Europe-Africa-Middle East Campaign Medal (1), World War II Victory Medal. Photograph documents the hull outboard of USS LCI(L)-408 in England, 24 March 1944 (US National Archives image). Specifications: 236 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; five single 20mm guns; 2-inch plastic splinter protection on gun turrets, conning tower and pilot house; propulsion 'two sets of 4 General Motors 6051 series 71 Diesel engines, 4 per shaft,' single GM main reduction gear, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; two 30kW 120V DC diesel-drive ship's service generators.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Limitations
- Secondary aggregation (Turner Publishing LCI history) - the standard public reference for hull identity; stricken date absent. Contains no asbestos or materials information and supports no asbestos claim. Build dates are stated as 'circa' on this page (uboat.net gives 18/24 Jan - see gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-05
-
[7]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, USS LCI(L)-411 (LCI(L)-411) record, LCI 351 class [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship record 21453, data table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent secondary record corroborating the build spine: built by George Lawley & Sons (Neponset, MA); ordered 9 March 1943; laid down 18 January 1944; launched 24 January 1944; commissioned 29 January 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Limitations
- Secondary database, volunteer-maintained - used for corroboration of milestones and for the 9 March 1943 order/contract date, which NavSource does not state. Laid-down/launch dates differ by one day from NavSource's circa values (see gaps). No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-06
-
[8]Shipbuildinghistory (T. Colton) yard table, 'George S. Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA' - via Naval Marine Archive mirror [other_primary]
- Locator
- lawley.html 'Built in Neponset' table, LCI(L) 411 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder's production table lists 'LCI(L) 411 / US Navy / Landing Craft / 216d / 158 / 29-Jan-44' with disposition 'To Britain 1944, sold 1947' - independently corroborating builder, type, displacement class, delivery/commissioning date, and the lease-then-sale path.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Limitations
- Secondary yard table - corroborates construction attribution and disposition only; the '29-Jan-44' delivery coincides with the commissioning date and is not independently a delivery record. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-07
-
[9]HyperWar transcription of the Naval Historical Center publication 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945: Landing Craft' - LCI(L) table [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-lc.html, LCI(L) table, 'LCI(L)-411' row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official NHHC landing-craft table carries the hull line 'LCI(L)-411 | 1942-44 | Lend-Lease to UK' - Navy-published corroboration that this hull went to the United Kingdom under Lend-Lease, consistent with the NavSource lease milestones and the Colton 'To Britain 1944' disposition.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (lease window)
- Limitations
- Class-range table (production-era '1942-44' column is a class run, not a hull service span) - corroborates the lend-lease disposition only. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-08
-
[10]Truman State University, Pickler Memorial Library Special Collections, WWII Miscellany Collection (MUSDP W2), George A. Laughlin Naval Documents Collection, Box 1 Folder 1 - two 1944 file items for this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- manuscripts.truman.edu repositories/2/archival_objects/70923 and /70924 (live verified 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A university special-collections repository holds two 1944 hull-specific files: 'Material concerning transfer of USS LCI(L) 411 to British (sailing orders, equipment, etc.), 1944' (archival object 70923) and 'Miscellaneous material concerning USS LCI(L) 411, 1944' - described as including 'pay, service and health records, sailing order, invoices, etc.' (archival object 70924). The transfer file directly documents the November 1944 UK-lease event.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - establishes that custody-transfer and service paperwork for this hull survives in a public repository; contents unexamined. Administrative documents say nothing about vessel materials or asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-09
-
[11]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications (all-diesel LCI-351 design, no steam plant); documented WWII shipbuilding asbestos use (ev-10 Corn & Starr 1987); Navy asbestos-insulation era documentation (ev-11 GAO HRD-80-2) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; class-era sources at ev-10, ev-11
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered landing craft delivered January 1944 sits inside the documented WWII shipbuilding asbestos era; era-standard applications aboard a diesel vessel of this type were engine and exhaust lagging, gaskets and flange packing, thermal insulation in machinery and accommodation spaces, and electrical insulation in the confined hull volume. As an all-diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947 (documented service/disposal window)
- Population
- Construction trades (Neponset, 1944); crew (1944); Royal Navy lease crew (1944-46); post-sale owners unknown
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-411. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-10
-
[12]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this serial-built 1944 landing craft was produced - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in naval and merchant hull construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or the LCI type and does not establish that asbestos was installed aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-11
-
[13]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction and U.S./U.K. service era (1944-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403 - same standing access gap noted in Batch 01 and 98) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-12
-
[14]Batch-5124 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (no entry - URL 404); Naval Vessel Register (no entry - hull disposed 1947); NARA Special List 44 ship-number inventory (verified hit, PDF p. 23); NARA catalog file units (muster rolls NAID 120183435; Normandy Report of Operations NAID 78555341; FLOT 12 / GR 34 echelon records); NavSource; uboat.net; Colton Lawley table; HyperWar NHHC landing-craft table; Truman ArchivesSpace holdings; web sweep for law-firm/marketing asbestos pages naming this hull (none located) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming LCI(L)-411 or HM LCI(L)-411 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). No DANFS entry exists for this numbered landing craft. CourtListener returned zero opinion hits and zero docket hits for the hull-designation spellings executed ('LCI(L)-411', 'LCI-411', 'LCI(L) 411', 'LCI 411' opinions; 'LCI(L)-411', 'LCI-411' dockets); one docket spelling variant was not executed (fleet pacing) - see sl-11.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 serial wartime build is era-consistent with asbestos use. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. Unexamined NARA deck logs, the hull's own Normandy Report of Operations, muster rolls, and the Truman transfer papers remain the open leads.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-411-lcil411-13