Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet pa-packet.md (2 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED. No phantom, no collision.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-412-lcil412-pkt-pa-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(G)-412 ex USS LCI(L)-412 - construction/milestone timeline, theater assignment, campaign table, awards, specifications, disposal, photo-caption series; verified live 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150412.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block, and photo-caption series (building ways, Weymouth crew photo, 80-G-421289, Seine/President Warfield)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 21 January 1944 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; launched 26 January 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-412, 31 January 1944. Assigned to the Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater; campaign: Invasion of Normandy, 6-25 June 1944. Reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Gunboat) LCI(G)-412, 15 July 1945. Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register in 1946; sold 10 April 1946, fate unknown. One battle star for WWII service; ribbons: Combat Action Ribbon (Normandy 6 June 1944), American Campaign Medal, Europe-Africa-Middle East Campaign Medal (one star), WWII Victory Medal. Call sign NJVY. Specifications: displacement 246 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; length 158'5.5"; beam 23'3"; speed 16 kts max / 14 kts continuous; LCI(L) complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted, troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; propulsion two sets of 4 GM diesels, 4 per shaft, 1,600 bhp, twin variable-pitch propellers. Photographic captions document: on the building ways at George Lawley & Sons with LCI(L)-409, 16 January 1944 (builder's photo, NARA collections); crew photo at Weymouth, England, May 1944 (PhM/1c Donald McGranahan identified); D-Day troop landing on Omaha Beach (photo 80-G-421289); beachhead view from 412 with LCI(L)-553 beached to starboard; and LCI(L)-412 moored alongside USS President Warfield (IX-169) on the Seine River circa 1944-45 with LCI(L)s 408, 539, 401, and 556 (U.S. Army Signal Corps photo SC-222893, NHHC collections), President Warfield then serving as base and accommodations ship for LCIs.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1944); LCI(L) crew ~28 (1944-45); LCI(G) crew ~70 (1945-46); embarked troops
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry. Milestone dates are consistent across the page but unverified against DANFS (no DANFS entry exists for this numbered craft - see search_ledger) or NVR. No asbestos or material content. Decommissioning is undated; 'struck in 1946' is year-only and its sequencing against the 10 April 1946 sale is ambiguous - see gaps. The 16 January 1944 building-ways photo caption predates the stated 21 January laydown - tension noted in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-412-01
-
[3]NARA Special List 44, 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947' (Bradley, Kurtz, et al., comp., 1978) - 'Ships With Symbol and Number Designations,' printed page 338; scanned page image via Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center mirror (narasl44/364.jpg) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SL44 printed p. 338 (ACPL scan narasl44/364.jpg), 'LCI(L)(G)-412' row between LCI(L)-411 and LCI(L)-413
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- SL44 inventories Navy deck logs for this hull as 'LCI(L)(G)-412 | Feb. 1, 1944-July 31, 1945 | 2' - i.e., two logbooks covering 1 February 1944 through 31 July 1945 in NARA custody (the combined LCI(L)/LCI(G) styling reflects her July 1945 gunboat reclassification, which fell inside the logged period). The inventory documents that logs exist and their coverage; the underlying RG 24 logbooks are held at the National Archives.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-02-01 to 1945-07-31 (coverage); compiled 1978
- Population
- crew and officers generating the 1944-45 logbooks; NARA College Park holds the physical volumes
- Limitations
- The dates are logbook-coverage dates, not asserted commissioning or decommissioning dates: the span opens the day after the documented commissioning date (31 Jan 1944) and closes 31 July 1945 - sixteen days after the 15 July 1945 reclassification - while the ship remained in service into 1946 (sold April 1946). SL44 records only what NARA held at compilation, so post-July-1945 logs are simply outside this inventory, not absent from service. The inventory lists the logs' existence; it does not include their contents. Physical volume count (2) is a logbook count, not a completeness guarantee. Image verified by direct fetch and read 2026-09-30.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-412-02
-
[4]Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images, 'Normandy Invasion, June 1944 - D-Day Landings on Omaha Beach, 6 June 1944' - caption for Official U.S. Navy Photograph 80-G-421289 (NHHC collection, photo in NARA holdings; page fetched via HyperWar/ibiblio mirror - the live history.navy.mil URL structure 404s, same standing NHHC link-rot defect noted in BATCH-01); verified live 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC Online Library nor4o.htm (ibiblio HyperWar mirror), photo 80-G-421289 caption; 80-G-421287/288 captions on the same page
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official Navy photograph caption, verbatim: 'Troops land from USS LCI(L)-412 during the "D-Day" assault on "Omaha" Beach, 6 June 1944. Note "half-track" weapons carriers at the water's edge, with their guns pointing inland; troops dug in on the shore; and LCI(L)-412's bow 20mm gunner engaging enemy targets.' The caption documents this hull beached and discharging troops on Omaha Beach during the initial assault, engaging shore targets - the image is also carried NARA-credited in the DVIDS collection (dvidshub.net image 9548763). Sister frames 80-G-421287 and 80-G-421288 (LCI(L)-553 and LCI(L)-410 landing troops; 553 'hit by two shells, was left a wreck on the beach') were photographed from LCI(L)-412's conning station per NavSource captions (the NHHC caption credits 'another LCI(L)').
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06-06
- Population
- crew of LCI(L)-412 plus embarked Army troops disembarking, Omaha Beach, 6 June 1944
- Limitations
- Photographic caption only - documents presence, beaching, and gunnery action at Omaha on 6 June 1944; does not record damage, casualties, or the hull's assault group. NavSource's 'conning station of USS LCI(L)-412' attribution for 80-G-421287/288 goes beyond the NHHC caption text ('another LCI(L)') - secondary attribution, consistent but not primary-confirmed. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-412-03
-
[5]USS LCI National Association / amphibiousforces.org, Elsie Item newsletter No. 117 (Summer 2022) - 'Returning to Normandy' article (reprinted Star-Ledger guest column by Timothy L. Barnes) and caption series; PDF fetched and text-extracted 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Elsie Item No. 117 (Summer 2022), pp. 28-31: Barnes/Normandy article, deck-log excerpt, crew and Seine captions
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Ship-specific items in the issue: (a) a verbatim deck-log excerpt for D-Day - 'DECK LOG LCI(L) 412: 0600-1200 Underway as before, all hands at battle stations.'; (b) Lt. William O. Barnes Jr. identified as an officer aboard LCI(L) 412 at Normandy - in a 1999 return visit he pointed out the ship's position off Pointe du Hoc at 0625 on 6 June 1944; (c) the Weymouth May 1944 crew photo caption; (d) a Seine River caption: 'The USS Warfield is moored on the Seine River in France. It served as a base ship for LCI(L)s 412, 408, 539, 401, and 556.' - matching the SC-222893 photo-caption grouping on NavSource.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944 (events); 2022 (publication)
- Population
- crew of LCI(L)-412, D-Day period; Lt. William O. Barnes Jr.
- Limitations
- Veterans-association newsletter (secondary compilation): the deck-log excerpt is reproduced, not facsimiled; the Barnes position account is family-recall from a 1999 visit, not a wartime record. The same caption block states 'The 412 was built at Bath Maine' - contradicted by the builder's own NARA photograph and NavSource; corrected in ev-uss-lci-l-412-05. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-412-04
-
[6]Builder-attribution check: Elsie Item No. 117 caption ('The 412 was built at Bath Maine') vs NavSource timeline ('George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA') + George Lawley & Sons company photo of LCI(L)-412 and -409 on the Neponset building ways, 16 January 1944 (NARA collections, captioned on NavSource) + Elsie Item No. 124 (LCI(L)-414 'launched in February at George Lawley and Sons Shipbuilding' - same hull block) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Elsie Item No. 117 p. 30 caption; NavSource 150412.htm building-ways caption; Elsie Item No. 124 (LCI(L)-414 build note)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: the Elsie Item 117 caption 'The 412 was built at Bath Maine' is an error. The hull's construction at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA, is documented by the builder's own company photograph of LCI(L)-412 on the Neponset building ways (16 January 1944, now in the NARA collections) and the NavSource timeline; sibling hull LCI(L)-414 is documented in the same association publication as a Lawley build. The Bath attribution is unsupported by any source located - Bath Iron Works built no LCI(L)s.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Corrects a newsletter caption error, not a material claim. The George Lawley attribution itself rests on NavSource + builder-photo caption + class membership; no contract or builder's-plate document was examined. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-412-05
-
[7]COMINCH P-001 series, 'Invasion of Northern France - Assault Force O' official Navy report (Commander Assault Force "O"/Commander Eleventh Amphibious Force), HyperWar transcription; verified live 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- COMINCH report, Chapter I - Assault Force 'O' narrative and force-composition table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Navy synthesis documents the operation this hull participated in: Assault Force 'O' (Rear Admiral Hall) attacked the Vierville-Colleville sector (Omaha) with a landing-craft allocation of 33 LCI(L)s among the force's craft - the unit-level frame for LCI(L)-412's documented Omaha Beach landing on 6 June 1944 (photo 80-G-421289).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06
- Population
- Assault Force O landing-craft crews, Omaha, June 1944
- Limitations
- Unit/operation-level official history - names no individual hull; the LCI(L) count is force-level and this hull's specific assault group (O-1 through O-4) is not established by this source. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-412-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire 1944 construction and 1944-46 service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (report); era covered includes 1944-46
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and ship crews of the asbestos era
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description, same standing limitation as batches 01/98/5069.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-412-07
-
[9]Rushworth, Denis H., 'The Navy and Asbestos Thermal Insulation,' Naval Engineers Journal 117(2), 2005, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2005.tb00336.x (DOI resolves to Wiley; both ingentaconnect and onlinelibrary.wiley.com return HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-09-30 - abstract-level read) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- NEJ 117(2) 2005 article record + abstract; DOI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2005.tb00336.x
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed Naval Engineers Journal article (American Society of Naval Engineers) documents that asbestos 'was once used in U.S. Navy shipboard pipe and machinery thermal insulation and in many other shipboard products,' that crew aboard 'Navy ships built during and following WWII' were among those exposed, and that 'the most likely source of their Navy shipboard exposures was thermal insulation' because the materials were 'dry, friable, and easily accessible.' Covers this hull's construction and service era at the practice level.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2005 (article); WWII-era practice documented
- Population
- WWII-and-later Navy ship crews; shipyard insulation workers
- Limitations
- Era/practice-level documentation - names no hull and no product list for this vessel; establishes the Navy-era practice, not installed materials aboard LCI(L)-412. Abstract-level read; article body not retrieved (403 blocks this session). No quantity, product, or individual exposure data.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-412-08
-
[10]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications block (diesel propulsion: two sets of 4 GM diesels, 4 per shaft, 1,600 bhp; twin variable-pitch propellers); GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-07); Rushworth NEJ 2005 (ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 150412.htm specifications block; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; NEJ 117(2) 2005
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel landing craft built in January 1944 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard asbestos applications aboard a diesel amphibious craft of this type and period were engine and exhaust thermal insulation/lagging, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; exposure-relevant confined spaces were her engine room and machinery spaces.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46), esp. engine-room personnel; conversion-yard trades (mid-1945, yard undocumented); purchasers/scrappers post-1946
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-412; the undocumented mid-1945 gunboat-conversion yard is itself an open lead (conversion work would have disturbed existing insulation). Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-412-09
-
[11]Batch-5125 search ledger (this record): NavSource main page + Warfield archive page; NARA SL44 printed p.338 via ACPL scan 364.jpg; NHHC Online Library via ibiblio mirror; Elsie Item 117 PDF; COMINCH Northern France report via HyperWar; HyperWar landing-ships index (LCI(G)-412 listed 1944-45); GAO HRD-80-2; NEJ 117(2); CourtListener API v4 (opinions x2, docket x1); secondary web litigation sweep; batch intake cross-check (no PRIMARY match at any tier under LCI/LSI spellings, same-number conversions, or documented renumberings) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-412-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-412 / LCI(G)-412 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener opinion searches returned zero results for both the hyphenated spellings ('LCI(L)-412' OR 'LCI(G)-412' OR 'LCI-412') and the spaced variants ('LCI 412' OR 'LCI(L) 412' OR 'LCI(G) 412' OR 'USS LCI-412'), 2026-09-30; the docket-level query returned a single name collision (Corbett v. Dart, 1:08-cv-01079, N.D. Ill. 2008, prisoner habeas petition - no vessel relevance). Batch intake records 'No PRIMARY match at any tier' under the checked spellings/conversions. The only asbestos-adjacent web material is generic landing-craft marketing content that does not name this hull - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. NARA deck logs (SL44: 2 logbooks, 1944-02-01 to 1945-07-31), any hull-specific war diaries/muster rolls (series exists; hull-412 NAIDs not surfaced in public index), and the conversion-yard work scope are unexamined primary leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-412-10
