Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-416 page (history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry,' Vol. II, Turner Publishing 1995; captioned US National Archives photographs) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150416.htm header block, narrative, specifications block, photo captions, commanding-officer list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 29 January 1944 at George Lawley & Sons Shipbuilding Corp., Neponset, MA; launched 7 February 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-416 on 14 February 1944 under LTJG Stuart W. Reed, USNR - her only commanding officer (14 February - 6 June 1944). Assigned to the Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater; participated in the Invasion of Normandy, 6 June 1944. 'Sunk by an enemy mine, 6 June 1944, at Normandy'; 'Mined and sunk off Omaha Beach, Normandy, France, 6 June 1944.' Struck from the Naval Register, date unknown. One battle star for World War II service; Combat Action Ribbon (retroactive, 6 June 1944). Captioned US National Archives photograph: while taking the 26th Regiment of the First Infantry Division into the beach on D-Day the ship hit a teller mine, settled to the bottom, and the crew - ordered to abandon ship - followed the troops ashore; photographed sunken off Omaha Beach on 7 June 1944 with USS LST-355 seaward and LCT-637 nearby. Specifications: 236 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; 158' 5.5" x 23' 3"; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; five single 20mm guns; propulsion two sets of four GM 6051-71 diesels, GM single reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp, 16 kts max.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Jan-Feb 1944); crew and embarked troops (Feb-Jun 1944), incl. 26th Regiment, 1st Infantry Division troops on 6 June 1944
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry; the history is credited to the Turner Publishing USS LCI book rather than DANFS - no DANFS entry exists for this hull. Milestone dates corroborated independently by uboat.net Allied Warships. Contains no asbestos content. 'Struck from the Naval Register, date unknown' - the striking date is undocumented in located sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-416-01
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[2]NARA Special List #44, 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947,' by Ship Numbers (archives.gov PDF) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 23: 'LCI(L)-416 2/14/1944 4/30/1944'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 inventories Navy deck logs for LCI(L)-416 covering 2/14/1944 through 4/30/1944 - the log series begins on her documented commissioning date (14 February 1944) and ends 30 April 1944, more than five weeks before her 6 June 1944 loss. These are log-coverage dates, not asserted commissioning or loss dates.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-02-14 to 1944-04-30 (inventory window)
- Population
- Crew of LCI(L)-416 (deck-log coverage window Feb-Apr 1944)
- Limitations
- Inventory coverage only - establishes that deck logs for this hull exist in RG 24 for the stated window, not their content or digitization status. The 30 April 1944 cutoff leaves the ship's final five-plus weeks (including the Normandy loss) outside the inventoried log window - whether May-June 1944 logs were ever submitted, or were lost with the ship, is undocumented (see gaps). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-416-02
-
[3]NARA NAID 120223968, 'LCI(L) 416 - Muster Rolls' - RG 24, Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities, 1939-1949 (30 digitized images via NARA-Ancestry collaboration) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov/id/120223968 - 30 images; image 1 = NAVPERS quarterly roll forwarding sheet (period ending 1 Apr 1944); image 30 = NAVPERS 605 officers' Report of Changes, month ending 30 Apr 1944
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds and has digitized this hull's personnel records: 30 images comprising the quarterly muster roll of the crew (roll covering the quarter ending 1 April 1944, submitted to the Bureau of Naval Personnel) plus NAVPERS 605-series Reports of Changes, including an officers' change report for the month ending 30 April 1944 naming an officer (Evans, Robert Lester). These are the ship's own personnel records for her brief Feb-Apr 1944 in-commission period - the crew population aboard in the weeks before Normandy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-02 to 1944-04-30
- Population
- Crew of LCI(L)-416 as mustered Feb-Apr 1944 (4 officers + 24 enlisted nominal complement)
- Limitations
- Personnel documentation only - muster rolls and change reports establish who was aboard, not material content or exposure. Digitized-page OCR spot-checked this session (forwarding sheet for the quarterly roll; April officers' change report). No asbestos content. Does not cover May-June 1944 or the loss event itself.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-416-03
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[4]NARA NAID 472241118, 'USS LCI(L)-416' - RG 24, Casualty Information Reports, 1941-1960 (HMS/MLR A1 1024; paper copy, National Archives at College Park; not yet available online) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov/id/472241118 - file unit, RG 24 series 803937 (Casualty Information Reports), container 46
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds a casualty-information file named for this hull: a file unit 'USS LCI(L)-416' within RG 24's Casualty Information Reports series (1941-1960), maintained by the Bureau of Naval Personnel - the official post-loss personnel/casualty documentation for a ship sunk by mine off Omaha Beach on 6 June 1944. Paper copy at College Park, unrestricted, not digitized.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944 (loss reporting)
- Population
- Crew casualties and next-of-kin reporting population (1944)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - the catalog record establishes the file exists and is named for this hull; its contents were not examined (not digitized). A casualty file documents personnel loss/injury reporting, not ship material content. No asbestos content expected or asserted.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-416-04
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[5]NARA catalog full-text search surfacing: NAID 78526386, 'USS LCI(L) 414 - War Diary, 6/1-30/44' (RG 38, WWII War Diaries, roll A1055, digitized 14 images - sister Lawley-built hull at Omaha Beach); and NAID 491893525, '[Enlisted, Wounded in Action] McNeal, Roy THRU Morehead, Robert' (RG 24, Index of Purple Heart Award Recipients, 1,037 digitized card images) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov search 'LCI(L) 416' AND 'sunk': result NAIDs 78526386 (war diary, roll A1055) and 491893525 (Purple Heart index, container 25)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Contemporaneous records referencing this hull's loss surface in the NARA catalog under a 'LCI(L) 416' + 'sunk' full-text search: (1) the digitized June 1944 war diary of sister ship USS LCI(L)-414 - herself a Lawley-built LCI(L) in the Normandy assault - whose OCR'd text matches 'LCI(L) 416' and 'sunk', indicating a contemporaneous mention of 416's loss; (2) the RG 24 Purple Heart recipient index card range covering an enlisted man wounded in action whose card references LCI(L) 416 and 'sunk' - i.e., at least one indexed casualty card for a 416 crewman.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06
- Population
- LCI(L)-416 wounded-in-action personnel (June 1944); LCI(L)-414 crew (contemporaneous observers)
- Limitations
- Search-result-level finding: the catalog's full-text index matched both records, but the specific page/card mentioning LCI(L)-416 was not located or read this session - page-level verification pending. The Purple Heart index range is alphabetical (McNeal-Morehead); identifying the individual card requires in-file review. Neither record addresses material content. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-416-05
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[6]National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places nomination for USS LCI-713 (NRIS 07000300, listed 4/12/2007), prepared February 2006 - class documentation for the LCI-351 type (sister hull built at the same yard) [nps]
- Locator
- NRHP nomination 07000300 Section 7 (construction) and Section 8 (builder table, Lawley history)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NPS class documentation for the LCI-351 type: LCIs were built of welded 1/4-inch steel plate for rapid assembly-line production to a standard Bureau of Ships design; propulsion was eight General Motors 6-71-series diesel engines in two banks of four per shaft with variable-pitch propellers - diesel machinery only, no steam plant. The nomination's builder table credits George Lawley & Sons, Neponset - this hull's builder - with 160 LCI and 47 LCS hulls (207 total), the oldest yard assigned LCI work (founded 1866); approximately 1,051 LCIs were built across ten yards.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- LCI construction workforce (all ten yards, 1942-45); Lawley Neponset trades
- Limitations
- Class/yard documentation written for sister hull LCI-713, not a record for hull 416 - it establishes construction method and machinery type for the class and builder, not any material installed aboard this hull. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-416-06
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[7]MIT Museum, Hart Nautical Collections - organization record, 'George Lawley & Son,' Neponset, MA [museum_official]
- Locator
- MIT Museum organization record 1754, Description paragraph and Related objects (LCI(L) plan 1988.075R.001)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Museum documentation of this hull's builder: the Lawley family yard at Neponset, Massachusetts, operated from the 1860s to the 1940s, was a primary New England producer of yachts and working vessels, and 'built both wood and steel vessels, including dozens of World War II landing craft, before closing in 1946.' The MIT Museum's McInnis-Lawley collection holds the yard's plans and records, including LCI(L) material (object 1988.075R.001).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940s (WWII production window)
- Population
- Lawley yard construction trades (WWII era)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation, not a hull record: establishes the builder's WWII landing-craft production and the archive where Lawley construction drawings survive, not the materials installed aboard this specific hull. Direct fetch returned HTTP 429 (Vercel checkpoint); full text retrieved via Firecrawl. No asbestos content in the page text.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-416-07
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[8]Era inference built on: NPS NRHP nomination 07000300 (welded 1/4-inch steel construction, eight GM 6-71 diesels, BuShips standard design); NavSource LCI-351 spec block for this hull (eight GM 6051-71 diesels, two shafts - diesel plant, no boilers); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy-wide asbestos-use era covering 1944 construction [other_primary]
- Locator
- NRHP nomination 07000300 Section 7; NavSource 10/15/150416.htm specifications block; GAO HRD-80-2 product description
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A welded-steel diesel-powered landing craft built January-February 1944 at George Lawley & Sons sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a small diesel combatant of this period were diesel-exhaust lagging, machinery and piping insulation, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation. She carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, and a 158-foot amphibious craft's asbestos footprint was far smaller than a steam combatant's.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Jan-Feb 1944); crew (Feb-Jun 1944); embarked assault troops (31 May-6 Jun 1944 exposure-relevant window only for construction/crew population)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, construction drawing, or work package located for LCI(L)-416. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-416-08
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[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (January-February 1944) and service era (February-June 1944).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-416-09
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[10]Batch-5129 search ledger (this record): NARA Special List 44 ship-number PDF; NavSource hull page; NARA catalog (muster rolls NAID 120223968; casualty file NAID 472241118; related war-diary/casualty-index hits); NPS NRHP nomination; MIT Museum; uboat.net; GAO product page; NHHC DANFS (no entry); NVR (no entry); MARAD VHD (no card); dday-overlord (no AAR); CourtListener (see ledger for coverage status); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-416-01 through -15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-416 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull's four-month life ended in combat loss (sunk off Omaha Beach 6 June 1944) - there is no postwar service, museum custody, conversion, or scrapping pathway in which an asbestos record would typically arise.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a hull sunk in 1944 retains whatever era materials were installed, but no survey of the wreck was located. See search_ledger for CourtListener coverage status this session. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-416-10