Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet pc-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-423
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-423-lcil423-pkt-pc-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LC(FF)-423 ex USS LCI(L)-423 - milestone block, campaign record, specifications, photo captions (page history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150423.htm - 'LCI-351 Class' header block, campaign table, 'Post WWII' disposition lines, specifications block, photo caption table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI-351 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 13 March 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber, N.J.; launched 17 May 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-423, 11 June 1943, LTjg. J. D. Norvell USNR in command. Redesignated Landing Craft (Flotilla Flagship) LC(FF)-423 on 31 December 1944. Assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCI(FF) Flotilla Twenty-Three (LCDR. R. H. Brazeal), LC(FF) Group Sixty-Seven, LC(FF) Division One Hundred Thirty-Three. Participated in Minesweeping operations-Pacific, Bungo-Suido (Honshu area), 22 September to 30 October 1945; earned one battle star for WWII service 'while conducting minesweeping operations.' Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register 5 June 1946; sold 13 November 1946; final disposition 'fate unknown.' Awards shown: American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1); WWII Victory Medal. Page photographs: (a) a series showing LCI(L)-423 'during experiments for suitability as a temporary fire-fighting ship' sourced to NARA San Francisco, Mare Island General Correspondence Files (embedded captions: 'SIX (6) STREAMS FROM LCI(L)', 'HOSE LEADING FORWARD FROM TWO (2) JOHNSON P-500 FIRE PUMPS', 'MONITOR EMITTING FOR SPRAY'); (b) at Naval Station Guam July 1945 among LCI(G) gunboats with USS Seaward (IX-209) and LCT(6)-1314 in the background (LIFE image 115952714 by J. R. Eyerman). Spec block: 246 t. light / 264 landing / 419 loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; armament five single 20mm; propulsion two sets of 4 General Motors diesels, 4 per shaft, BHP 1,600, twin variable-pitch propellers.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding Barber construction trades (1943); crew ~28 plus embarked troops/flag staff (1943-45); minesweeping-force flagship crew (Sep-Oct 1945)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation citing the Turner Publishing LCI history - not a primary registry; milestone dates here are corroborated by uboat.net (commissioning, reclassification, sale), NARA deck-log coverage (wartime service window), and Shipbuilding History (builder, disposition). Contains no asbestos or material content. The fire-fighting-experiment photographs are undated in the source; the Guam photograph is dated July 1945. 'Decommissioned, date unknown' is an unresolved milestone carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-423-01
-
[3]NARA Special List 44 - List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947, ship-number list (archives.gov PDF, PDF pages 14-15); logs reside in RG 24, Entry 118 (NAID 581208) per the NARA Navy logbooks page [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 14, row 'LC(FF)-423 7/1/1944 6/30/1945'; PDF page 15, row 'LCI(L)(FF)-423 9/1/1943 6/30/1945'; RG 24 Entry 118 attribution: https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 inventories TWO Navy deck-log series for this hull: 'LC(FF)-423' covering 7/1/1944 to 6/30/1945 (PDF page 14) and 'LCI(L)(FF)-423' covering 9/1/1943 to 6/30/1945 (PDF page 15). The logs are held in Record Group 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel), Entry 118 (NAID 581208). The earlier series documents log coverage from roughly three months after the 11 June 1943 commissioning through mid-1945; both series end 30 June 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-09-01 to 1945-06-30 (log coverage)
- Population
- Crew and embarked flag staff generating log content (1943-45)
- Limitations
- Inventory of log holdings, not the logs themselves: establishes that deck logs for this hull exist for the stated coverage windows and where they sit, but contains no event detail. Log-coverage dates corroborate but do not assert commissioning/decommissioning dates. The '(FF)' styling on a series beginning September 1943 precedes the formal reclassification of 31 December 1944 - the archivist's filing label reflects the hull's terminal designation and does not by itself prove flagship configuration in 1943. No log coverage for the hull is inventoried after 30 June 1945 even though she remained in service (sold November 1946) - the disposition-era logs either form another series not separately listed or were not inventoried in SL44. Logs are not located in digitized public sources; retrieval requires NARA RG 24 access.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-423-02
-
[4]Shipbuilding History (Colton), 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) - LCI(L)' production table, row for hull 423; class summary text (most recent update May 4, 2015) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm, LCI(L) table rows 351-450 block, hull 423 row 'LCI(L) | FF | 423 | New Jersey SB | Barber NJ | 11-Jun-43 | Sold 1946'; introductory class paragraph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Production-table corroboration: LCI(L) hull 423, variant FF (flotilla flagship), built by New Jersey SB, Barber NJ; table date 11-Jun-43; disposition 'Sold 1946'. Sister rows: hulls 424-427 are also New Jersey SB Barber NJ FF variants (June-July 1943). Class context from the same table: 923 LCI(L)s were built by ten U.S. shipyards; the first 350 boats were 158.5 ft / 216 tons light, the remainder six inches longer and about 30 tons heavier; LC(FF)s were configured as Flotilla Flagships.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding Barber construction trades (1943)
- Limitations
- Secondary production compilation, not an official registry - corroborates NavSource builder, FF designation, and sale-year data. The table's date column for hull 423 (11-Jun-43) equals NavSource's commissioning date rather than a delivery or laid-down date - a column-semantics quirk consistent with the class table's mixed date conventions. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-423-03
-
[5]HyperWar (ibiblio) transcription, 'US Navy Landing Ships/Craft, 1940-1945' - LC(FF) section index row and type specifications [other_primary]
- Locator
- ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/ships-lc.html, 'LC(FF) -- Landing Craft, Flotilla Flagships' section - specification block and index row 'LC(FF)-423-427 | 1943-44'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy's 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-45' listing carries this hull inside the LC(FF) (Landing Craft, Flotilla Flagship) section as index row 'LC(FF)-423-427' (commissioned 1943-44) - an official-listing corroboration of the flotilla-flagship designation NavSource dates to 31 December 1944. The section's type-level specification: displacement 387 tons; length 160'; beam 23'3"; draft 5'4" fwd / 5'11" aft (full load); speed 15.5 knots; armament 4 x 20mm; complement 3 officers + 21 enlisted; 8 GM diesel engines (4 per shaft), twin variable-pitch screws; 'Converted from Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) -- LCI(L) -- to carry flag officers and crew.' No individual LC(FF)-423 page exists in the transcription (LCFF-423.html returns 404).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (listing coverage)
- Population
- LC(FF) crews plus embarked flotilla flag staffs (1944-45)
- Limitations
- Official-listing index corroboration plus type-level specifications: the row names hulls 423-427 collectively, and the specification block describes the LC(FF) type, not this hull individually - flagship complement and dimensions are class-level for this record. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-423-04
-
[6]uboat.net Allied Warships database, USS LCI(L)-423 entry - builder, ordered/laid/launched/commissioned dates, LC(FF) reclassification, sale [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/21465.html - 'USS LCI(L)-423' fact table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary-database corroboration for this hull: LCI 351 class; built by New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. (Barber, New Jersey); ordered 22 March 1943; laid down 13 March 1943; commissioned 11 June 1943; 'Reclassified as LC(FF), Landing Craft Flotilla Flagship on 31 December 1944'; 'Sold on 13 November 1946.'
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Construction trades and crew (1943-46)
- Limitations
- Volunteer-maintained secondary database - corroborates NavSource milestones. Two internal defects noted, not adopted: the entry's launched date reads '17 May 1944', which postdates its own 11 June 1943 commissioning and contradicts NavSource's 17 May 1943 - treated as a source typo; and 'ordered 22 Mar 1943' postdates 'laid down 13 Mar 1943', which is unverified against a contract record (carried in gaps). No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-423-05
-
[7]NavSource photo series for LCI(L)-423 (image files 1015042301-1015042304) - 'during experiments for suitability as a temporary fire-fighting ship,' photo source credited to NARA San Francisco, Mare Island General Correspondence Files (Tracy White) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150423.htm photo caption table, image files 1015042301.jpg ('12. SIX (6) STREAMS FROM LCI(L)'), 1015042303.jpg ('7. HOSE LEADING FORWARD FROM TWO (2) JOHNSON P-500 FIRE PUMPS'), 1015042304.jpg ('9. MONITOR EMITTING FOR SPRAY')
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- This hull was photographed during experiments evaluating her suitability as a temporary fire-fighting ship. Embedded captions on the photo prints describe the test configuration: 'SIX (6) STREAMS FROM LCI(L)', 'HOSE LEADING FORWARD FROM TWO (2) JOHNSON P-500 FIRE PUMPS', 'MONITOR EMITTING FOR SPRAY' - portable Johnson P-500 fire pumps feeding hoses and monitors aboard the LCI. The photographs originate in the Mare Island (naval shipyard) General Correspondence Files held at NARA San Francisco - a physical archival file naming this hull.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- undated (wartime, per source files)
- Population
- Crew and test personnel during experiments (undated)
- Limitations
- Photo-caption documentation only: establishes that this hull underwent fire-fighting suitability experiments documented in Mare Island correspondence, but the prints carry no date and no test outcome in the located material. The underlying NARA San Francisco Mare Island General Correspondence file is the archival lead for the report itself. Proximity to Mare Island places the hull on the U.S. West Coast at the time of the experiments, but no deployment-date inference is asserted. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-423-06
-
[8]NHHC DANFS entry, LCI(L)-513 - sister-hull construction and flagship-designation record for the same builder [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- history.navy.mil DANFS entry LCI(L)-513, first paragraphs
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- DANFS documents a sister hull from the same yard: LCI(L)-513 'was laid down on 5 November 1943 at Barber, N.J., by the New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp.; launched on 3 December 1943; and commissioned on 9 December 1943' - and 'upon commissioning, LCI(L)-513 was designated the flagship of Commander, LCI(L) Flotilla 11,' then steamed to Naval Amphibious Training Base Solomons, Md., for shakedown. Establishes the builder (New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber N.J.) and the practice of designating LCI(L)s as flotilla flagships.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding Barber construction trades (class context)
- Limitations
- Sister-hull documentation only - names a different craft (LCI(L)-513); establishes builder identity and the flagship-designation pattern at class level. Does not name LCI(L)-423 and establishes nothing about this hull's materials or service. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-423-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: NavSource/uboat.net specification data (diesel propulsion, no steam plant); Shipbuilding History class summary (923 LCI(L)s built 1942-45 by ten yards); GAO HRD-80-2 (see ev-09) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource and uboat.net specification data; shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm class summary; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered amphibious landing craft built in 1943 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-insulation era. Era-standard applications aboard a small craft of this type and period were diesel exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal insulation, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation in the confined hull volume. She carried no boilers and no steam system - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply - but machinery-space, exhaust, and accommodation-area insulation and gasket/packing materials of the era commonly contained asbestos.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding Barber construction trades (1943); crew and embarked troops/staff (1943-46); disposal-era personnel (1946)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or construction specification located for this hull. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-423-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1943) and service era (1943-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-423-09
-
[11]Batch-5137 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NARA Special List 44; Shipbuilding History LCI(L) table; HyperWar 'Ships of the U.S. Navy 1940-45' landing-craft index; uboat.net Allied Warships; NHHC DANFS; Naval Vessel Register; NARA Catalog; USS LCI National Association; CourtListener (fleet-paced); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-423-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-423 / LC(FF)-423 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener (authenticated API v4, 2026-09-30) returned zero results in the opinion index for 'LCI(L)-423', 'LCI-423', 'LC(FF)-423', and 'LCFF-423'; docket-index permutations were blocked mid-session by fleet-wide request pacing. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case and no ship-specific asbestos content - the only 'asbestos' material in the ecosystem for numbered landing craft is law-firm marketing listicles asserting asbestos aboard without primary sourcing (excluded by source policy).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. Litigation search coverage is partial: all four tested opinion spellings returned no hits, but docket-index permutations were not completed (blocked) - treat as 'no hits in tested spellings', not an exhaustive negative. Generic 'LCI' queries are not separable from name collisions and were not attempted. NARA deck logs (RG 24 E118), the Mare Island fire-fighting correspondence file at NARA San Francisco, and any Bureau of Ships construction specifications for the New Jersey Shipbuilding contract are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-423-10