Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-433 - construction milestones, flotilla assignment, campaign table, awards, specifications, disposition (page history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150433.htm header block, Asiatic-Pacific campaign table, awards ribbons, specifications block, disposition line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI-351 Class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 21 April 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber, N.J.; launched 1 July 1943; commissioned as USS LCI(L)-433, 21 July 1943; international radio call sign November-Kilo-Lima-Uniform (NKLU). Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCI Flotilla Twenty Two (1944-45) (flagship), CDR. Paul McD. Smith USN (1944) and CDR. Marion M. Byrd (1944-45). Campaigns: Bismarck Archipelago operation, Green Islands landing, 15-19 February 1944; Western New Guinea operations, Morotai landings, 15 September 1944; Luzon operation, Lingayen Gulf landing, 4-18 January 1945. Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register in 1946; sold 10 January 1947, fate unknown; earned three battle stars. Awards displayed: Combat Action Ribbon; China Service Medal (extended); American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (3); World War II Victory Medal; Philippines Presidential Unit Citation; Philippine Liberation Medal (1). Specifications: 236 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; length 158' 5.5"; beam 23' 3"; speed 16 kts max, 14 kts continuous; complement 4 officers, 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers, 182 enlisted; five single 20mm guns; propulsion two sets of 4 General Motors 6051 series 71 diesel engines, 4 per shaft, single GM main reduction gears, two diesel-drive 30kW 120V DC ship's service generators, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); ship's company 4 officers + 24 enlisted; embarked troops up to 6 officers + 182 enlisted per landing
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation; the page's own credit line attributes its history text to Turner Publishing's USS LCI Vol. II (1995), a veterans'-association-oriented work, not an official registry. Milestones corroborated by uboat.net and shipbuildinghistory yard list; campaign dates reflect the official battle-star award periods. Contains no asbestos content. The flotilla commander's name is given here as 'CDR. Paul McD. Smith' while association sources give 'J. MacDonald Smith' / 'James McD Smith' - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-433-01
-
[2]NARA Special List 44, List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947, by ship number - entry 'LCI(L)-433 7/22/1943 6/30/1945' (PDF page 23) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, p. 23, 'LCI(L)-433' line item between LCI(L)-432 and LCI(L)-434
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The National Archives holds deck logs for LCI(L)-433 covering 22 July 1943 - the day after her commissioning - through 30 June 1945, documenting in-scope wartime service across her Green Islands, Morotai, and Lingayen Gulf campaign window. These are log-coverage dates, not commissioning or decommissioning assertions.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-07-22 to 1945-06-30 (coverage window)
- Population
- Crew entries would appear in the logs themselves
- Limitations
- Archival inventory entry only: the logs exist at NARA but are not in the digitized deck-log sets published to the National Archives Catalog (checked 2026-09-30 - no LCI(L)-433 entries in the online list); physical/consultation access or a reproduction request would be required to read them. The coverage end date 6/30/1945 is an inventory boundary, not evidence the ship left service then. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-433-02
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[3]USS Landing Craft Infantry National Association, Elsie Item No. 122 (Sep 2023), 'Forgotten War Part 5 - Green Island invasion': transcribed LCI(L) Flotilla Five Report of Operations 12-17 Feb 1944 plus a period Yank-magazine correspondent's account carried aboard the flagship [other_primary]
- Locator
- Elsie Item No. 122 PDF, pp. 8-13 and photo caption p. 13 ('Pokonian Plantation on the Eastern side of the Lagoon on Nissan Island, Green Islands')
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Ship-specific operational detail for the Green Islands landing (Bismarck Archipelago operation, 15-19 February 1944): the transcribed Flotilla Five operations report records LCI(L)-433 beached at Kukum, Guadalcanal, 12 February 1944 embarking 3rd New Zealand Division troops (Major Groon, commanding troops embarked in LCI 433; Brig. Gen. Dumas USA embarked as observer; Yank correspondents aboard), beached at Juno Beach, Vella Lavella, 13 February to embark the balance, and on 15 February 'Com LCI(L) Flot 5 with LCI's 433, 434, 435, 436, 357 and 358 proceeded to assigned beach at Pokonian Plantation' on Nissan Island - with the photo caption confirming 'LCI(L) 433 Flag with Commander Smith, Com Flotilla 5 aboard.' The Yank correspondent's narrative describes the flagship's run: 'As LCI flagship, LCI(L) 433, our vessel leads its wave. Running in 20 feet from shore, it lets down its bow ramps with a clatter, and the first of our 200 men file into the knee-deep water.'
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-02-12 to 1944-02-19 (republication 2023)
- Population
- Ship's company; embarked 3rd NZ Division troops; ComFlot5 staff including CDR Smith; Yank correspondents Robert Greenhalgh and Barrett McGurn
- Limitations
- Veteran-association republication of wartime documents and a period magazine account; the underlying Flotilla Five report and Yank article are primary in origin but were accessed as a 2023 association newsletter transcription - the originals were not independently pulled from NARA this session (RG 38 action reports are the lead). The January 1944 reconnaissance-mission boat ambush described in the same article involved a landing boat carrying ComFlot5 CDR Smith, NOT LCI(L)-433 herself - no casualty event is attributed to this hull. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-433-03
-
[4]J.E. 'Jim' Talbert (President, USS LCI National Association), 'History of LCI Flotilla 22' - first-person flotilla-staff memoir (NavSource Amphibious Photo Archive; also at usslci.org 'LCI(L) 618 - History of LCI Flotilla 22') [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150618f.htm full narrative; same text at http://usslci.org/lcil-618-history-of-lci-flotilla-22/
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Flotilla-level documentation naming this hull: LCI Flotilla 22 was formed in early August 1944 as a spin-off of old Flotilla 5; 'the first flagship was the 433 under the command of Commander [J. MacDonald] Smith, USN.' The LCI unit of Task Group 77.4 for the Morotai landing comprised 433 (Flag), 435, 360, 446, 519, 334, 445, 444, 359, 357, 443, 63, 328, 333, 436, 335, 447, 429, 364 and 62; at Morotai the LCIs grounded on a reef about 50 yards off White Beach and unloaded troops into water almost over their heads. In late September 1944 the flag transferred from 433 to the newly arrived LCI(L)-618 (a purpose-configured flagship). At Lingayen Gulf the flotilla's LCIs 'made smoke each morning and evening to cover the entire gulf' while dodging suicide boats and bombers. On 21 February 1945 the 618 with 433, 518 and 690 escorted landing craft of the 594th Engineer Special Brigade to Subic Bay. In August 1945 'the 433, 434, 435, 436, 518, 519, 445, 446, 776, 777, 1032 and 1033 were assigned to Commander Yangtze Patrol Force' - consistent with the China Service Medal (extended) ribbon in her awards.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-08 to 1946-01
- Population
- Ship's company; flotilla staff embarked 1944; troops and landing-craft convoys escorted
- Limitations
- Veteran first-person memoir published through the USS LCI National Association and republished by NavSource - authoritative on flotilla movements and ship assignments as remembered, but not an official action report; dates it gives occasionally differ from official campaign periods (it narrates the Morotai run as September 16 vs the official 15 September 1944 landing date). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-433-04
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[5]Historic American Engineering Record HAER No. OR-180, LCI(L)-713, Amphibious Forces Memorial Museum, Portland, OR (data compiled by Justine Christianson, HAER Historian, 2012; Library of Congress) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 data pages 1-3 (Principal Measurements, Propulsion, Designer, Description, Historical Information)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Authoritative documentation of the LCI-351 class's standard design and construction, via the last surviving example in original configuration (LCI(L)-713, built at George Lawley & Son, Neponset, MA, 1944): the class was designed by the Bureau of Ships for quick wartime construction; welded 1/4-inch steel plate; two decks with troop compartments and crew space on the lower deck; engine room containing four pairs of General Motors 6-71 diesel engines driving two shafts with variable-pitch propellers; deckhouse with troop/ship-officer accommodations, mess, wardroom, galley; capacity 182 enlisted + 6 officers; five single 20mm Oerlikon guns. Approximately 1,051 of the type were built across ten shipyards during WWII.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2012 (documentation); 1942-44 (class construction era)
- Population
- LCI-class construction trades across ten wartime yards; class crews
- Limitations
- Class documentation via a sister hull, not this hull - LCI(L)-713 is a later round-conn/centerline-ramp example (built after June 1944 design changes) while LCI(L)-433 is an earlier square-conn/twin side-ramp boat, so configuration details differ; the shared items are the BuShips design basis, welded-steel construction, GM diesel plant, and habitability layout. The HAER data pages contain no asbestos or insulation-materials statement. Does not establish materials aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-433-05
-
[6]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications for this hull (8 x GM 6-71 diesels, no steam plant); HAER OR-180 class design documentation (welded steel BuShips design, confined lower-deck engine room and troop compartments); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (see ev-07) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; HAER OR-180 data pages; GAO HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A welded-steel landing craft built in April-July 1943 to a Bureau of Ships standard design sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a diesel-powered amphibious craft of this type and period were diesel-exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal insulation, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation in the confined hull volume. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, but the confined-space exposure dynamic of a 158-foot hull packed with crew and embarked troops applies.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- NJ Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); 28-man crew; embarked troops in confined compartments (wartime); any post-sale civilian operators/scrappers (1947 forward, undocumented)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or builder's spec located for LCI(L)-433. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull. Smaller combatant, shorter build, and lower-power plant than the steam-driven hulls around which most Navy asbestos documentation centers.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-433-06
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[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1943) and service era (1943-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; shipboard populations (program level)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved this session - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-433-07
-
[8]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, USS LCI(L)-433 (ship 21475) - build table and wartime convoy event log [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21475 build table; 'Notable events' entry dated 5 Aug 1944 (Langemak Bay - Humboldt Bay LCI convoy)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Corroborating build and event data for this hull: ordered 22 March 1943; laid down 21 April 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber NJ; launched 1 July 1943; commissioned 21 July 1943; sold 10 January 1947. Documented event: 5 August 1944, HMAS Vendetta, HMAS Cootamundra and HMAS Glenelg departed Langemak Bay escorting a convoy of 14 LCIs of LCI(L) Flotilla 22 to Humboldt Bay - LCI(L)-433 among them.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Convoy crews and RAN escort crews (5 Aug 1944)
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a specialist secondary compilation (Allied Warships of WWII series, compiled from official records and veterans' contributions), not a primary registry; used for corroboration and its sourced event log, not as sole authority. 'Ordered' date appears here only. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-433-08
-
[9]ShipbuildingHistory.com (Tim Colton), New Jersey Shipbuilding yard list, Barber NJ - hull-by-hull delivery table and yard history [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencysmall/newjersey.htm - yard description paragraph and LCI(L) 433 table row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder-yard documentation for this hull: the New Jersey Shipbuilding yard list carries 'LCI(L) | 433 | US Navy | Landing Craft | Jul-43 | Sold 1947.' The yard history describes New Jersey Shipbuilding as 'an assembly line for LCIs on Arthur Kill, in Barber, a community immediately to the east of Perth Amboy which was later absorbed into Perth Amboy and is now called Maurer'; management was taken over by Todd Shipyards in 1942 at the Navy's request and the yard was closed after the war.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943; 1947
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding workforce (1942-45)
- Limitations
- Secondary shipbuilding-history compilation (Colton's yard lists are widely used and generally accurate against official records) - corroborates builder, delivery month, and disposition year; it gives July 1943 delivery consistent with the 21 July commissioning. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-433-09
-
[10]Batch-5148 search ledger (this record): NavSource amphibious archive; NARA Special List 44 ship-number PDF and digitized-logs list; NHHC DANFS URL pattern + site search; Naval Vessel Register; LOC HAER OR-180; uboat.net; shipbuildinghistory.com; USCG Historian CG-manned LCI(L) list; HyperWar USN call-sign book; USS LCI National Association Elsie Item No. 122 and Flotilla 22 history; CourtListener API v4 (opinion and docket indexes); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-433-01 through -17
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-433 was found in the public sources searched. No DANFS entry exists for this hull (canonical NHHC URL patterns 404; NHHC site search returns no result) and no Wikipedia article exists. CourtListener opinion and docket searches on the hull number returned zero hits; secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case - the only 'asbestos aboard LCI' material located is law-firm marketing content (e.g., mesotheliomaveterans.org shipyard pages naming other LCI hulls) asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy. Deck logs covering 7/22/1943-6/30/1945 exist at NARA but are not digitized.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull was built in 1943 within the Navy's documented asbestos era and disposed of without any located materials inventory. CourtListener opinion AND docket indexes both returned zero hits (2026-09-30) - the litigation negative is a real result, not an access gap. Deck logs, BuShips work packages, and any 1947 Maritime Commission sales/disposal file are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-433-10