Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-435 page - history text sourced by NavSource to 'USS LCI "Landing Craft Infantry", Vol. II,' Turner Publishing, 1995 (ISBN 1-56311-262-0); verified live via firecrawl 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource archive page 10/15/150435 - build/campaign narrative, specification block, and photo captions (incl. AWM 082495/082499)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LCI(L)-351 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large): laid down 23 April 1943 at New Jersey Ship Building Corp., Barber, N.J.; launched 8 July 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-435, 27 July 1943. Asiatic-Pacific service with LCI Flotilla Five and LCI Flotilla Twenty Two (1944-45; flotilla commanders CDR Paul McD. Smith 1944, CDR Marion M. Byrd 1944-45). Campaigns: Bismarck Archipelago - Green Islands landing 15-19 Feb 1944; Western New Guinea - Morotai landings 15 Sep 1944; Manila Bay-Bicol - Carabao Island, Manila Bay, 16 Apr 1945. Postwar occupation and China service (Commander Yangtze River Patrol Force) 8 Sep-9 Dec 1945. Decommissioned date unknown; struck 5 Jun 1946; sold 7 Nov 1946, fate unknown. Three battle stars. Specs: 236t light / 264t landing / 419t loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; five single 20mm guns; propulsion two sets of 4 General Motors series-71 diesels (4 per shaft), GM main reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; two diesel-driven 30 kW 120V DC generators.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Ship's crew (4 officers, 24 enlisted) and embarked troops (to 6 officers, 182 enlisted), 1943-46
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer amphibious-forces archive quoting a published ship-history volume - a reliable secondary compilation, not the primary document itself. Establishes identity, dates, campaigns, and specifications only; contains no asbestos content. 'Decommissioned, date unknown' and 'fate unknown' are the source's own statements.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-435-lcil435-01
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[2]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton compilation, njscuba.net mirror): LCI(L) production table and New Jersey Shipbuilding yard page - verified live via firecrawl 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- us-emer-small/newjersey yard narrative + hull table row for LCI(L)-435; LCI(L) fleet table row on us-navy-small/lcil
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LCI(L)-435 appears in the New Jersey Shipbuilding production table: 'LCI(L)-435 | US Navy | landing craft | July 1943 | sold 1946' - consistent with the NavSource build/disposition record. The yard was an assembly line for LCIs on Arthur Kill at Barber (community now called Maurer, absorbed into Perth Amboy); Todd Shipyards took over yard management in 1942 at the Navy's request; the yard closed after the war. Site approx. 40.53765 N, -74.25698 W at the foot of present Maurer Road.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1946 (yard operation); 1943 (this hull)
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943)
- Limitations
- Independent secondary compilation consistent with NavSource but likely sharing ultimate sources (Navy/MARAD disposal records); corroboration, not a second primary document. Yard-level asbestos documentation for New Jersey Shipbuilding was not located and the yard is not an Atlas shipyards.json entry.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-435-lcil435-02
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[3]National Archives Special List 44, List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (1978), p. 339 - scanned image via Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center mirror (display image 365); page image read and transcribed this session [other_primary]
- Locator
- SL44 printed page 339 ('Ships with Symbol and Number Designations'); ACPL scan /nara/images/narasl44/365.jpg; row 'LCI(L)-435 | July 27, 1943-June 30, 1945 | 4'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 inventories four deck logbooks for LCI(L)-435 covering 'July 27, 1943-June 30, 1945' - the coverage opens on the commissioning date and runs through the wartime accession cutoff, documenting in-scope wartime service logs held at the National Archives (RG 24, College Park).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-07-27 to 1945-06-30
- Population
- Commissioned crew and embarked troops within the log-coverage window
- Limitations
- An inventory entry, not the logs themselves: proves coverage exists and bounds the date span, but says nothing about log content and nothing about asbestos. The 1945-06-30 end date is the wartime-logbook accession cutoff seen across SL44 entries; logs for the documented China-service period (Sep-Dec 1945) and any postwar period fall outside this listing, not necessarily nonexistent. Digitized access unconfirmed - NARA Catalog is JS-rendered (no CLI retrieval); Fold3 hosts NARA WWII deck-log scans (subscription, not checked).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-435-lcil435-03
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[4]Australian War Memorial collection item C81618, accession number 082495 (public domain photograph) - verified live via firecrawl 2026-09-30 [museum_official]
- Locator
- AWM collection item C81618 / accession 082495; companion accession 082499 per NavSource caption
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- AWM caption: 'UNITY POINT, NORTH OF TRINITY BEACH, QLD. 1944-11-02. TROOPS LANDING FROM THE AMERICAN LANDING SHIP INFANTRY 435 DURING 7 DIVISION AMPHIBIOUS TRAINING EXERCISES CONTROLLED BY HQ 25 INFANTRY BRIGADE. [UNITY POINT WAS THE CODE NAME FOR BUCHAN POINT]' - an official Australian archive record placing this specific hull conducting amphibious training landings in Queensland in November 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-11-02
- Population
- Ship's crew and Australian troops embarked for the exercise
- Limitations
- Photographic/caption documentation of the vessel in service; contains no asbestos or material information. Date format per AWM is 1944-11-02 (2 November 1944), consistent with the NavSource caption.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-435-lcil435-04
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[5]Historic American Engineering Record OR-180, LCI(L)-713 (National Park Service, historian Justine Christianson, 2012) - class documentation of the LCI-351 design; verified live via direct fetch 2026-09-30 [haer]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 written historical and descriptive data, pp. 1-3
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- HAER documents the LCI-351 class design and construction: a Bureau of Ships standard design built across ten shipyards (~1,051 ships of the type), welded 1/4-inch steel plate, two decks (lower deck troop compartments and crew space, engine room with four pairs of General Motors 6-71 diesel engines driving two shafts with variable-pitch propellers), deckhouse accommodations, and five single 20mm guns - the same design family and machinery fit NavSource lists for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946 (class construction era); 2012 (documentation)
- Population
- LCI(L)-351-class construction trades and crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Class/design documentation for sister ship LCI(L)-713, not this hull; LCI(L)-713 was a post-1944-06-01 modified design (cylindrical pilothouse, centerline ramp) while this 1943 hull is the earlier configuration, so deck/ramp details differ. The HAER text contains no mention of asbestos or insulation materials - it establishes design/machinery class facts only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-435-lcil435-05
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[6]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI(L)-435 specification block (diesel machinery fit); HAER OR-180 class design documentation (welded-steel BuShips design, GM 6-71 diesel plant, no steam system); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (see ev-07) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; HAER OR-180; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A welded-steel diesel amphibious craft built 1943 to a BuShips standard design sits squarely inside the documented Navy asbestos era. There is no steam plant, so the boiler/turbine/steam-line lagging pathway does not apply; era-standard asbestos applications aboard a small diesel combatant of this period were diesel-exhaust and muffler lagging, machinery insulation in the confined engine room, gaskets, valve packing, electrical cable insulation, and interior joiner/accommodation finish materials. The 28-person crew plus up to ~188 embarked troops occupied a 158-foot hull where any such materials were worked and lived against continuously.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); ship's crew and embarked troops (1943-46); postwar operators/disposition unknown after 1946 sale
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or court record located for LCI(L)-435. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. The HAER and NRHP documents consulted for the class mention no asbestos; absence of mention in those sources is not evidence of absence aboard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-435-lcil435-06
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[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1943) and Navy service era (1943-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (report); exposure era covering 1943 build
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; Navy asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch for both product page and PDF (confirmed 2026-09-30; standing access defect since Batch 01). Content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-435-lcil435-07
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[8]Batch-5150 search ledger (this record): NARA Special List 44; NavSource Amphibious Photo Archive; shipbuildinghistory production and yard records; Australian War Memorial collection; HAER OR-180; NHHC/DANFS; Naval Vessel Register; CourtListener API v4 (opinion and docket, two spellings); USS LCI National Association site [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-435-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-435-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum record, or docketed case naming LCI(L)-435 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned zero opinions and zero dockets for both 'LCI(L)-435' and 'LCI-435' spellings. Because the hull was sold in 1946 with fate unknown, there is no museum or abatement track through which present-day documentation would likely surface.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull's unlocated post-1946 disposition means no present-day condition record can exist in the sources checked. Does not establish that asbestos is or was not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. CourtListener negative is limited to the two spellings queried; dockets naming a class or flotilla rather than this hull would not surface.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-435-lcil435-08