Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-436 (page maintained by Gary P. Priolo; vessel history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995, ISBN 1-56311-262-0); Australian War Memorial collection item 082176 corroboration at https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C81374 (both verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150436.htm: header block, campaign table, medal/occupation table, disposition lines, specifications block, photo-caption block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI(L)-351 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 23 April 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber, NJ; launched 13 July 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-436 on 29 July 1943. WWII Asiatic-Pacific Theater service with LCI Flotilla Five and LCI Flotilla Twenty Two (1944-45), CDR Paul McD. Smith USN (1944) and CDR Marion M. Byrd (1944-45). Campaign credits: Bismarck Archipelago operation - Green Islands landing, 15-19 February 1944; Western New Guinea operation - Morotai Island landings, 15 September 1944; Consolidation and capture of Southern Philippines - Mindanao Island landings, 17-23 April 1945; three battle stars. Postwar Occupation and China service (Commander Yangtze River Patrol Force), 8 September 1945 to 17 January 1946 (both Navy Occupation Service Medal with Asia clasp and China Service Medal extended, same span). Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register in 1946; transferred to the Maritime Commission 6 April 1948 at Suisun Bay, CA, for disposal (PDX-225, 27 September 1946); final disposition unknown. Spec block: 236 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; 158' 5.5" x 23' 3"; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; five single 20mm guns; propulsion two sets of 4 GM 6051-series-71 diesel engines (4 per shaft), GM main reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; two diesel-driven 30kW 120V DC ship's service generators. Photo captions document: builder's-trials NARA photographs; beached at Guadalcanal February and 25 February 1944 alongside LCI(L)-435, LCI(L)-445, LCI(L)-357; unloading Australian troops at Palm Beach area, Queensland, 21 October 1944, 'under British Control' in amphibious training exercises with the Australian 21 Infantry Brigade (Australian War Memorial photo nos. 082176, 082177; AWM collection record 082176 verified live - official caption reads 'PALM BEACH AREA, QLD. 1944-10-21. AN AMERICAN LANDING SHIP INFANTRY UNDER BRITISH CONTROL LANDING TROOPS OF HEADQUARTERS 21 INFANTRY BRIGADE DURING AMPHIBIOUS TRAINING EXERCISES').
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1948
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); crew 4 officers + 24 enlisted (1943-46); embarked troops up to 6 officers + 182 enlisted
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates generally track official sources and are corroborated here by uboat.net and shipbuildinghistory.com. 'Under British control' is the wording of the official AWM caption itself; the AWM record does not identify the hull number - the attribution of photo 082176 to LCI(L)-436 is NavSource's. The phrase describes participation in Australian amphibious training, not a formal transfer. No asbestos or material content anywhere on the page. Decommissioning date and exact strike date are not stated (struck 'in 1946').
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-436-01
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[2]NavSource Online, 'History of LCI Flotilla 22' - firsthand memoir by J.E. 'Jim' Talbert, President, USS LCI National Association (flotilla staff, communications department) (verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150618f.htm, memoir body (Morotai TG 77.4 ship list; 15 Aug 1945 flotilla breakup list; occupation narrative)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- A flotilla-staff firsthand account naming this hull: Flotilla 22 was formed in early August 1944 as a spin-off of old Flotilla 5 under Commander McD. Smith (Commander M.M. Byrde assumed command late September 1944; Commander Philip Porter in October 1945). The memoir lists LCI(L)-436 in the LCI unit of Task Group 77.4 for the Morotai Island assault: the LCI column grounded on a reef about 50 yards off White Beach and troops were unloaded in water almost over their heads (519 and 444 stranded on the reef). After Hollandia, New Guinea staging (Oct-Dec 1944), the flotilla departed 25 December 1944, reached Leyte 3 January 1945, and joined Task Force 78 for the 9 January 1945 Lingayen Gulf invasion, where the LCIs made smoke to cover the gulf. From the Subic Bay base the flotilla conducted further landings - 1 April Legaspi, 17 April Parang (Mindanao; 24th Infantry Division), 11 May Zamboanga, 13 May Basilan. On 15 August 1945 the flotilla broke up: 'The 433, 434, 435, 436, 518, 519, 445, 446, 776, 777, 1032 and 1033 were assigned to Commander Yangtze Patrol Force.' The flotilla narrative then tracks the group: departed Subic 2 September, Okinawa 13 September, typhoon en route, Jinsen (Incheon) Korea 21 September, Taku Bar 26 September, then 36 miles upriver to Tientsin - 'the first of the American Navy in this Chinese section since the Japanese occupation'; back at Jinsen 10 October; departed for the States in December, flotilla decommissioned January 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- LCI(L)-436 crew; embarked troops at Morotai, Lingayen, Mindanao landings; Yangtze Patrol/China-service crews (1945-46)
- Limitations
- Firsthand memoir (Turner-era recollection, published by the USS LCI National Association) hosted on NavSource - ship-level assignments are stated explicitly and are consistent with NavSource's official-style campaign table, but individual ship day-to-day movements are narrated at flotilla level. The memoir gives the Morotai landing as 'September 16th' against the campaign table's 15 September 1944 credit; the flotilla commander's first name conflicts between sources (Paul McD. Smith on the ship page vs 'James McD Smith' in this memoir). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-436-02
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[3]National Archives Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (Washington, DC, 1978), 'Ships with Symbol and Number Designations', p. 339 - digitized scan via Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center (verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List 44 (1978), symbol/number designations section, printed page 339 (ACPL scan image 365); LCI(L)-436 row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Special List 44 lists LCI(L)-436 with logbook date span 'July 29, 1943-June 30, 1945' and 4 logbooks in NARA custody. These are log-coverage dates, not commissioned/decommissioned dates - though the 29 July 1943 start coincides exactly with her documented commissioning date. Neighboring entries on the same page show variant suffixes (LCI(L)(FF)-423 through -427, LCI(L)(M)-431, LCI(L)(G)-437, -438, -439, -440, -441, -442) while this hull is listed as plain LCI(L)-436 - consistent with her never being redesignated.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-07-29 to 1945-06-30 (logbook span); list compiled 1978
- Population
- Crew whose activities the logbooks record (1943-1945)
- Limitations
- Establishes that logbooks exist and their cataloged span - it is a records-inventory entry, not the logs' contents. Whether the physical logs document asbestos-relevant maintenance is unexamined. SL44 covers logbooks to 1947 in this series; the span ending 30 June 1945 leaves any postwar logs (occupation/China service 1945-46) outside this listed coverage - possibly in a different NARA deck-log series. The ACPL digitization is a page-image scan of the published 1978 NARA finding aid; the viewpage URL renders image 365.jpg (book page 339).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-436-03
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[4]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, USS LCI(L)-436 entry (compiled by Gudmundur Helgason; the noted event is sourced to the Report of Proceedings of HMAS Vendetta for August 1944) (verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21478.html data table and 'Notable events' section (5 Aug 1944 entry)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Corroborating secondary register for this hull: ordered 22 March 1943; built by New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. (Barber, New Jersey); laid down 23 April 1943; launched 13 July 1943; commissioned 29 July 1943 - matching NavSource on every shared milestone. A sourced notable event places this hull under way with Flotilla 22 on 5-7 August 1944: LCI(L)-436 joined about two hours after sailing with LCI(L)-446, -968, and -970, in a 14-LCI convoy from Langemak Bay to Humboldt Bay escorted by HMAS Vendetta, HMAS Cootamundra, and HMAS Glenelg; the escorts prosecuted submarine contacts en route and the convoy arrived Humboldt Bay about 1300 on 7 August.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- Crew during the Aug 1944 New Guinea convoy movement
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation (uboat.net) - used to corroborate NavSource milestones and for the 'ordered' date NavSource lacks. The convoy event itself is anchored to an official Report of Proceedings of HMAS Vendetta (August 1944), which the page cites. No asbestos content; no postwar or disposal information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-436-04
-
[5]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton), 'New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ' yard profile and production table (page updated 26 August 2021; verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencysmall/newjersey.htm - yard narrative paragraph and production table, LCI(L) 436 row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The builder's yard documented: 'New Jersey Shipbuilding was an assembly line for LCIs on Arthur Kill, in Barber, a community immediately to the east of Perth Amboy which was later absorbed into Perth Amboy and is now called Maurer. Management of the yard was taken over by Todd Shipyards in 1942, at the Navy's request, and was closed after the war.' The yard's production table row for this hull: LCI(L) no. 436, US Navy, Landing Craft, delivered Jul-43, disposition 'To USMC 1948' - corroborating the NavSource Maritime Commission transfer.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943 (build); 1948 (disposal)
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction workforce (1942-45 production era)
- Limitations
- Secondary yard-history compilation - the production row confirms this hull's builder and 1948 Maritime Commission disposal but carries no construction-materials detail. 'USMC' here denotes the U.S. Maritime Commission. Todd Shipyards managed the yard from 1942 but the yard is a distinct New Jersey facility, not the Todd Houston yard carried in the Atlas shipyard dataset. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-436-05
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[6]Era inference built on: NavSource specification block for this hull (diesel propulsion, welded steel amphibious craft); HAER OR-180 (LCI(L)-713) and HAER AK-52 (LCI(L)-653/MHC-16) class construction documentation (Library of Congress); wartime USN Transport Doctrine ch. 2 (ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/Transport/transport-2.html - LCI(L) 48-hour practical troop-embarkation limit); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy-wide asbestos-era documentation (see ev-07) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150436.htm spec block; LOC HAER OR-180 / AK-52; GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered, welded-steel amphibious landing craft built April-July 1943 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications aboard a small diesel amphibious craft of this type and period were engine-exhaust lagging, machinery gaskets and valve packing, electrical insulation, and limited accommodation/anti-sweat insulation in the confined hull volume. She carried no steam plant - the boiler and steam-line lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, and her small crew and short troop-embarkation model (48-hour practical limit per doctrine) bounded the scale of installed material.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1948
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); crew 4 officers + 24 enlisted (1943-46); embarked troops (transient); postwar disposal workers at Suisun Bay
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, construction specification, or work package located for LCI(L)-436. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. LCIs were austere welded-steel craft and likely carried materially less insulation tonnage than steam combatants - the inference supports 'some era-standard products' not any particular load.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-436-06
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[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1943) and service era (1943-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, standing since 2026-09-14) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-436-07
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[8]HAER OR-180, LCI(L)-713 data pages (Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs); and HAER AK-52, M/V Husky II ex-USS LCI(L)-653 data pages (tile.loc.gov ak0557data.pdf) - LCI(L)-351-class federal documentation [haer]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 data pages (Description section); HAER AK-52 pp. 5-8 (construction narrative, spray-foam note at p. 8/footnote 17)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Federal documentation of this hull's class design: HAER OR-180 documents a sister LCI-351-class craft (LCI(L)-713) as welded 1/4-inch steel plate construction, two decks, engine room containing 'four pairs of General Motors 6-71 diesel engines connected to two shafts and variable pitch propellers,' deckhouse accommodations forward - matching this hull's NavSource spec block. HAER AK-52 documents sister LCI(L)-653 and quotes the Navy's design requirement: an ocean-going infantry carrier able to beach with draft forward not over 30 inches, retract under her own power, and carry manhandleable packaged cargo with no cargo-handling equipment. NEITHER document identifies asbestos in the original construction - the only insulation mentioned in AK-52 is spray foam applied during the 1980s civilian fishing-tender conversion.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1944 (class construction); documentation 2007-2012
- Population
- LCI-351-class construction trades across the ten class builders (1942-44)
- Limitations
- Sister-ship documentation, not this hull: establishes the class's documented construction approach (welded steel, diesel plant) and that the federal record sets consulted do NOT identify original asbestos materials - which is an absence in the record, not proof of absence aboard any hull. Yard-level construction latitude ('each shipyard was allowed some latitude in construction' per the LCI-713 NRHP nomination) means sister-ship specifics do not transfer exactly.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-436-08
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[9]Batch-5151 search ledger (this record): NavSource ship page + Flotilla 22 memoir; uboat.net; shipbuildinghistory.com; NARA Special List 44 scan (ACPL); HAER OR-180/AK-52; GAO HRD-80-2; NHHC DANFS URL check; NVR check; usslci.org; AWM collection; Fold3/NARA catalog; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated, fleet-paced) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-436-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-436-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum documentation, or litigation naming USS LCI(L)-436 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned zero results for every name/hull variant queried - "LCI(L)-436" (opinions and dockets), "LCI-436", "LCI(L) 436", and "LCI 436" (opinions). There is no DANFS entry (NHHC page 404 on all candidate URLs - standard for numbered amphibious craft) and no Naval Vessel Register entry (hull struck 1946, predating NVR coverage). The only 'asbestos aboard' material surfaced in secondary web sweeps is law-firm listicle content asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1943 Navy-built craft sits squarely in the documented asbestos era. CourtListener coverage is a corpus limitation (published opinions and RECAP dockets, not every filed case); a case settled without a docketed opinion would not surface. Deck logs (4 logbooks, Jul 1943-Jun 1945 per SL44), New Jersey Shipbuilding work packages, and the Maritime Commission disposal file (PDX-225) are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-436-09