Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-44 (15/150044) - milestone dates, campaign table, specification block, commanding officer, photo captions (unit history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry,' Vol. II, Turner Publishing 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150044.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block, and photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 31 October 1942 at New York Shipbuilding, Camden N.J.; launched 7 December 1942; commissioned USS LCI(L)-44 26 December 1942; international radio call sign NCAW. Assigned Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater, LCI Flotilla 1; campaigns: Sicilian occupation 9-15 July 1943; Salerno landings 9-21 September 1943; West Coast of Italy operations (Anzio-Nettuno advanced landings 22 January-1 March 1944; Elba and Pianosa landings 17 June 1944); Invasion of Southern France 15 August-18 September 1944. Four battle stars plus Combat Action Ribbon (retroactive - Anzio). CO LTjg. Hugh M. Savage USNR 3 January 1943 - 5 March 1944. Decommissioned and stricken 'date unknown.' Transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 18 March 1947; final disposition fate unknown. Specs: 236 t light / 264 t landing / 419 t loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max / 14 kts continuous; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; five single 20 mm guns; 2-inch plastic splinter protection on turrets, conning tower, pilot house; propulsion two sets of 4 GM 6051-series-71 diesels (4 per shaft), 2,320 shp, twin variable-pitch propellers, two 30 kW 120 V DC diesel-drive generators.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- NY Shipbuilding Camden construction trades (1942); Navy crew (1942-c.1946); embarked troops incl. 3rd Ranger Battalion (Anzio) and French 9th Colonial Infantry Division (Elba)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates are corroborated by the official BuShips roster row (ev-02). Page verified live via Firecrawl on 2026-09-30. Contains no asbestos or material content. Decommission/stricken dates are 'unknown' in the source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-44-01
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[2]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, 1945, Vol. II (NAVSHIPS 250-011): Landing Ships and Craft volume - official roster and design characteristics (scan hosted by shipscribe.com) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB 1945 Vol. II printed p. 201 (PDF p. 218) roster row 'LCI(L)44 (ex-APY44)'; LCI(L) characteristics table, printed pp. 200-201 (PDF pp. 217-218)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official BuShips roster entry for this hull: 'LCI(L) 44 (ex-APY44) - New York S. B. Co., Camden, N.J. - keel laid 31 Oct 42, launched 7 Dec 42, ship commissioned 26 Dec 42.' The roster confirms she was ordered under the APY hull symbol and reclassified before commissioning. The same volume's LCI(L) design table for the 1-350 group: 158'6" oa / 153'0" wl, beam 23'8", 387 t trial displacement, trial draft 5'8", trial speed 14.4 kts, accommodations 8 officers / 21 enlisted, armament four 20 mm AA machine guns, propulsion GM Diesel '6051 series 71' 2,320 shp with single GM main reduction gears, two propellers, diesel-drive 120 V DC ship's-service generators.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942
- Population
- NY Shipbuilding Camden construction trades (1942)
- Limitations
- Official contemporary Navy publication naming this hull - supports identity and construction milestones only; contains no asbestos or material content. Scanned copy hosted by a private site (shipscribe.com) but the underlying document is the official Bureau of Ships publication NAVSHIPS 250-011. Design-table figures are the 1945 class design block (4 x 20 mm, 8/21 accommodations, 387 t trial), not a per-hull fit-out record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-44-lcil44-02
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[3]NARA Special List 44, List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 - ship-numbers section [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List 44 ship-numbers PDF, p. 31, row 'LCI-44 - 1/1/1944 - 6/30/1945'; series RG 24 Entry 118 (NAID 581208)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's official finding aid lists deck logs for LCI-44 covering 1/1/1944 - 6/30/1945 (MM/DD/YYYY) in the RG 24 Entry 118 logbook series (series NAID 581208). The listed coverage window begins more than a year after commissioning (26 December 1942) - logs for 1942-43 are not listed for this hull in SL44 - and ends mid-1945, consistent with the publication's 1947 accession cutoff rather than a service endpoint.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (listed coverage)
- Population
- Navy crew aboard during logged period (Jan 1944 - Jun 1945: Anzio, Elba, Southern France, postwar)
- Limitations
- Finding aid only: documents that logs exist at NARA for the stated coverage; it does not describe their content and does not establish the ship's whereabouts outside the listed window. These are log-coverage dates, not commissioning/decommissioning dates. The logs are not among the hulls digitized in the NARA catalog's online deck-log list (checked 2026-09-30); physical holdings at College Park.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-44-lcil44-03
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[4]NARA Catalog file unit 120163094, 'LCI(L) 44 - Muster Rolls,' in series 'Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities' (RG 24, series NAID 594996), National Archives at College Park [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov id 120163094 (search hit verified; detail page JS-rendered)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A cataloged file unit of muster rolls exists for this hull - quarterly personnel rosters naming officers and enlisted aboard, held at NARA College Park on microfilm and scanned through the Ancestry partnership covering this series.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1939-1949 (series coverage)
- Population
- Officers and enlisted listed on muster rolls (wartime)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the file unit was returned live by the NARA catalog search API on 2026-09-30, but the catalog detail endpoint was intermittently unreachable (returned SPA HTML) - per-image availability for this specific unit was not independently confirmed. Sibling file units in the series carry digitized scans. No asbestos content; muster rolls are personnel records.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-44-lcil44-04
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[5]U.S. Army Signal Corps photographs captioned on NavSource USS LCI(L)-44 page: SC 187112 (Anzio convoy under bombardment, 22 Jan 1944); SC 329865 (loading French 9th Colonial Infantry Division at Porto Vecchio, Corsica, 16 Jun 1944); embarkation photo with LCI(L)-45 and LCI(L)-19 carrying 3rd Ranger Battalion troops for Anzio; Elba landing photo with LCI(L)-188/-18/-192/-189, 17 Jun 1944; Savage-collection ship and crew photos (Pizzoli; Bizerte Christmas 1943) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150044.htm photo table, captions for images 1015004401-406, 1015004502, 1015003906, 1015019201, 1015001801
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Contemporaneous official (Army Signal Corps) photography documents this hull's presence in the Anzio assault convoy under enemy bombardment (22 January 1944), embarked 3rd Ranger Battalion troops alongside LCI(L)-45 and LCI(L)-19 for the Anzio landings, loaded French 9th Colonial Infantry Division troops at Porto Vecchio for the invasion of Elba (16 June 1944), and landed them on Elba alongside four other Flotilla 1 LCI(L)s (17 June 1944). Family-donated photographs document Pizzoli (Salerno homeport), Bizerte Christmas 1943, and CO LTjg. Hugh M. Savage's tenure (3 Jan 1943 - 5 Mar 1944).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops (3rd Ranger Battalion; French 9th Colonial Infantry Division), 1943-44
- Limitations
- Photographic presence documentation only - not work, material, or exposure records. Photo identification of hull numbers in multi-ship captions rests on the NavSource caption contributors.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-44-lcil44-05
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[6]Era inference built on: BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. II LCI(L) design block (diesel propulsion, no boilers); NavSource specification block (GM diesels, generator sets, splinter protection); shipbuildinghistory LCI(L) class construction notes (923 boats, 10 yards); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB 1945 v2 LCI(L) design table (printed pp. 200-201); NavSource specs; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered amphibious landing craft built in 1942 at a major Navy-contracted yard sits inside the documented Navy asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications aboard a small combatant of this type and period were diesel exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal and acoustic insulation, gasket and valve packing, deck coverings and cements, and electrical wiring insulation. As a diesel craft she carried no boilers - the boiler/turbine steam-lagging pathway does not apply - but her small steel hull concentrated crew and embarked troops in confined spaces adjacent to machinery spaces.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- NY Shipbuilding Camden construction trades (1942); Navy crew (1942-c.1946); embarked troops during amphibious operations
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-44. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-44-lcil44-06
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[7]Thomas-Fish v. Aetna Steel Products Corp., No. 17-cv-10648 (RMB/KMW) (D.N.J., opinion filed 31 July 2018, Judge Bumb) - federal-officer-removal opinion; underlying pleading alleges mesothelioma from asbestos-containing joiner panels during construction of the N.S. Savannah at New York Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Camden, in 1960. Also: Vesper v. 3M Co., No. 15-cv-01322 (JBS/AMD) (D.N.J., opinion filed 19 Dec. 2016, Judge Simandle) - summary-judgment opinion; plaintiff alleged asbestos exposure at worksites including New York Ship Building Co., Camden, during the 1950s-1970s [court_record]
- Locator
- D.N.J. 17-cv-10648 Doc. 41 (filed 7/31/2018); D.N.J. 15-cv-01322 Doc. 161 (filed 12/19/2016); both via govinfo USCOURTS package (verified live, HTTP 200)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Federal court records document New York Shipbuilding, Camden - this hull's builder - as an asbestos-exposure worksite in litigation: a 2018 removal opinion recounts the allegation that asbestos-containing joiner panels installed aboard new construction at the yard in 1960 exposed a worker fatally (removal upheld under the federal officer statute), and a 2016 opinion resolved summary judgment in a case alleging asbestos exposure at the Camden yard among worksites during the 1950s-70s.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1960 (alleged exposure); 2016-2018 (opinions)
- Population
- New York Shipbuilding Camden trades (1940s-1960s per pleadings)
- Limitations
- Yard-level litigation context, not a hull record: neither case names LCI(L)-44, and the documented allegations postdate her 1942 construction. Litigation-stage discipline applied: Thomas-Fish is a pleading allegation (removal-stage opinion, not an exposure finding); Vesper ended in a defense summary judgment - a merits-level negative for that plaintiff, not affirmative evidence of exposure. Both establish only that the builder yard figured in asbestos litigation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-44-lcil44-07
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[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction and service era (1942-1947).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-44-lcil44-08
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[9]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton compilation), 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large)' construction/disposal table - LCI(L)-44 row and class notes [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com LCI(L) table, LCI(L)-44 row; header notes
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent secondary compilation records this hull's row as 'LCI(L)-44 - New York SB - Camden NJ - 26 Dec 1942 - to NDRF 1948,' i.e., transferred into Maritime Administration custody/Reserve Fleet disposal in 1948 (the table's own key notes 'to NDRF' means MARAD took charge of the boat and disposed of it). Class context from the same table: 923 LCI(L)s built at ten yards; the first 350 to the original 158.5-ft design (which covers this hull); the type was ordered under the APY symbol and renamed LCI(L); surviving examples are LCI(L)-713 (Astoria, OR) and LCI(L)-1091 (Eureka, CA).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1947-1948
- Population
- MARAD/NDRF custody crews (1947-48); eventual disposal crews (undocumented)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation (shipbuildinghistory.com LCI(L) hull table, verified live 2026-09-30). Conflicts with NavSource's 'transferred to Maritime Commission for disposal 18 March 1947, fate unknown' - the records are reconcilable (MarCom title transfer 1947, NDRF custody 1948) but not identical; see gaps. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-44-lcil44-09
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[10]Batch-5155 search ledger (this record): NavSource (live); BuShips Ships' Data 1945 v2 (official roster row + design table); NARA Special List 44 p.31; NARA catalog NAID 120163094; NARA online deck-log list; NVR; DANFS/NHHC; shipbuildinghistory; uboat.net; govinfo USCOURTS; GAO; CourtListener (opinions + RECAP dockets, authenticated); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-44-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-44 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener searched 2026-09-30 for '"LCI(L)-44" OR "LCI-44"': opinion index (type=o) returned zero hits; RECAP docket index (type=r) returned a single hit, Goldenberg v. NeoGenomics Inc. (S.D.N.Y. 1:22-cv-10314, securities class action) - a name collision with no naval or asbestos relevance. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; the only 'asbestos aboard' material is law-firm marketing content asserting asbestos for generic LCI(L)s without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy. No DANFS entry exists (NHHC candidate URLs 404 - consistent with landing craft falling below named-ship DANFS coverage); no NVR entry (disposed of 1947, decades before NVR coverage).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. Repository negatives cover indexed opinions and RECAP dockets only - unreported, settled, or non-digitized matters would not appear. Deck logs (NARA, 1/1944-6/1945), muster rolls (NAID 120163094), and NY Shipbuilding build records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-44-lcil44-10