Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(G)-442 ex USS LCI(L)-442 (page 10/15/150442) - construction timeline, designation, flotilla assignments, campaign table, specifications, disposal; page credits history to 'USS LCI Landing Craft Infantry, Vol. II' (Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150442.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block, photo-caption block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI(L)-351 class; laid down 7 May 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber, NJ; launched 31 July 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-442 11 August 1943; reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Guns) LCI(G)-442, 15 July 1944, with LTjg F. B. Clark USNR in command (May 1945). Asiatic-Pacific assignment: LCI Flotilla Three; LCI Flotilla Six (CDR A. R. Montgomery USN); LCI Group Sixteen (LCDR R. S. Richabaugh USNR); LCI Division Thirty-Twenty [sic - see correction row]. Campaigns credited: Marshall Islands (Kwajalein/Majuro 31 Jan-8 Feb 1944; Eniwetok/Parry Island 17-26 Feb 1944); Marianas (Guam 21 Jul-12 Aug 1944); Tinian (24 Jul-1 Aug 1944); Leyte landings 20 Oct 1944; Lingayen Gulf 9 Jan 1945; Okinawa Gunto 1-30 Apr 1945. Decommissioned 24 June 1946 at NOB Subic Bay; struck from the Naval Register 1946; transferred to U.S. Army 26 February 1947; fate unknown. Six battle stars plus Navy Unit Commendation as member of LCI(G) Flotilla 3 (31 Jan-28 Jul 1944). Spec block: 246 t. light / 419 t. loaded; 158'5.5"; two sets of 4 GM series-71 diesels, 4 per shaft; twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted (LCI(L)) / 5 + 65 (LCI(G)); troop capacity 6 + 182. Page quotes the craft's action report of 27 July 1945 describing her leading TU 52.17.2 (LCI(G)-422, -565) in the 1 April 1945 rocket assault on western Okinawa beaches, and captions two NARA-held photographs (Nasugbu PI 40mm action, c. Feb 1945; crew with Filipino-guerrilla flag).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding trades (1943); crew (4+24 as LCI(L), 5+65 as LCI(G)); embarked troops (capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestones generally track official records and the underlying Turner Publishing history, and key fields here are corroborated by NHHC, NARA, Dyer, shipbuildinghistory.com, and uboat.net rows in this record. 'LCI Division Thirty-Twenty' is a probable garble of Thirty-Two (NHHC org doc shows Division 32(G) containing LCI 442). Contains no asbestos content; no hazmat or material record for construction or disposal was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-01
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[2]ShipbuildingHistory.com (Tim Colton), New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ yard page and build table; corroborated by uboat.net Allied Warships entry for USS LCI(L)-442 (ship/21484) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com New Jersey Shipbuilding table, LCI(L) 442 row + yard description paragraph; https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/21484.html
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder record: the yard table lists 'LCI(L) 442, US Navy, Landing Craft, Del'y Aug-43, Struck 1946' - consistent with NavSource's 11 August 1943 commissioning and 1946 striking. Yard history: New Jersey Shipbuilding 'was an assembly line for LCIs on Arthur Kill, in Barber, a community immediately to the east of Perth Amboy which was later absorbed into Perth Amboy and is now called Maurer. Management of the yard was taken over by Todd Shipyards in 1942, at the Navy's request, and was closed after the war.' uboat.net's compiled entry adds an order date of 22 March 1943 and corroborates builder, laying (7 May 1943), launch (31 July 1943), commissioning (11 August 1943), and the 15 July 1944 LCI(G) reclassification.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades, Barber NJ (1943)
- Limitations
- Both are respected compiled references but are secondary compilations, not primary documents - the order date (22 Mar 1943) rests on uboat.net alone; the yard table's 'Struck 1946' matches NavSource but does not itemize the LCI(G) reclassification (it does so for some sister hulls). No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-02
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[3]NHHC, United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945 (Navy Department Library online reading room) - landing craft flotilla order of battle [other_primary]
- Locator
- LCI Flotilla Six > LCI Group 16 > LCI Division 32 (G), Pacific Fleet organization 1 May 1945
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official fleet organization as of 1 May 1945: 'LCI FLOTILLA SIX' under Comdr. A. R. Montgomery (2714) contains 'LCI GROUP 16' under ComLCIGrp 16 Lt. Cdr. R. S. Rickabaugh (USNR), which contains 'LCI DIVISION 32 (G)' listing 'LCI 442 - Lt. (jg) F. B. Clark (USNR)' among its craft (with LCI 422, 565, 567, 568, 580, and flagship LCI 564 (GF)).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- LCI(G) crew, ~70 officers and men per LCI(G) complement
- Limitations
- Establishes the 1 May 1945 administrative chain and commanding officer only - a snapshot, not a cruise record; does not itself place the hull at Okinawa (NavSource's campaign table and action-report excerpt do). 'Division Thirty-Two' here is the correct form of NavSource's 'Thirty-Twenty' garble; NHHC spells the group commander's name 'Rickabaugh' vs NavSource 'Richabaugh.' No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-03
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[4]NHHC, Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual (rev. 1953), Part II Unit Awards, Section 2 Navy Unit Commendation - LCI(G) Flotilla 3 citation list naming 'USS LCI (G) 442'; corroborated by USMC historical monograph 'The Recapture of Guam' (HyperWar) marking LCI(G)-442 with the NUC indicator in the landing-craft order of battle [other_primary]
- Locator
- Awards Manual Pt. II, Section 2, NUC alphabetic list ('LCI (G) Flotilla 3...Consisting of:' table); https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-M-Guam/USMC-M-Guam-V.html key-to-designations + landing craft table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy Unit Commendation list names 'USS LCI (G) 442' verbatim among the craft of 'LCI (G) Flotilla 3, Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet' (with LCI(G)s 77-82, 345-348, 365-373, 437-441, 449-463, 470, 725-726, and sisters), cited for 31 January - 28 July 1944 - 'Kwajelein and Eniwetok Atolls in the Marshall Islands and Saipan, Guam and Tinian in the Marianas.' The USMC monograph order of battle for Guam likewise lists 'LCI(G)-442**' where '**' denotes 'Vessels awarded the Navy Unit Commendation for service including the Guam campaign.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-01-31 to 1944-07-28
- Population
- LCI(G) Flotilla 3 crews, 31 Jan-28 Jul 1944
- Limitations
- Award documentation confirms unit membership and the cited service window; it does not itemize this hull's individual actions. The flotilla designation (LCI(G) Flotilla 3) coheres with the craft's 15 July 1944 reclassification even though the citation window begins earlier - unit-level awards attach to the unit roster. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-04
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[5]George Carroll Dyer, 'The Amphibians Came to Conquer: The Story of Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner' (USN official history; HyperWar transcription), Chapter XIX - Marshalls operation order of battle [other_primary]
- Locator
- actc-19.html, TU 52.8.8 (LCI(G)) UNIT roster within TG 52.8 Fire Support Group order of battle
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Kwajalein (Southern Attack Force) order of battle in this official USN history lists the hull in 'TU 52.8.8 (LCI(G)) UNIT' under Lt. Commander T. Blanchard, USNR, within TG 52.8 Fire Support Group - printed as 'LCI(FS)-442, Lieutenant (jg) H. P. Rabenstein.' CORRECTION NOTE: 'LCI(FS)' (Landing Craft Infantry, Fire Support) is the postwar redesignation of the LCI(G) type applied anachronistically by the history; the craft's wartime designations were LCI(L)-442 then LCI(G)-442, and the memorial-list styling 'LCI(L) 442' at Eniwetok (22 Feb 1944) is consistent with the 15 July 1944 reclassification date. The row also corrects a command picture: Rabenstein (the LCI(G) flag-staff officer in the Guam account) is listed in command at Kwajalein; NHHC's May 1945 org shows Lt.(jg) F. B. Clark.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-01-31 to 1944-02-08 (Kwajalein window)
- Population
- Crew under Lt.(jg) H. P. Rabenstein (as listed), Jan-Feb 1944
- Limitations
- Official-history transcription via HyperWar (ibiblio), not a contemporaneous document; Dyer's designation and personnel listings are compiled from operation orders. Listing in the fire-support unit is consistent with but does not by itself prove the hull fired as a gunboat at Kwajalein (the NUC citation and campaign credit cover it). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-05
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[6]USS Landing Craft Infantry National Association, 'On This Memorial Day the Heroes We Will Remember' (memorial casualty list PDF) and 'Guns Behind Palagi Rock,' The Elsie Item No. 102 (Sept. 2018), Jeff Veesenmeyer - quoting the LCI(G)-365 action report for W-Day Guam [other_primary]
- Locator
- In-Memorial.pdf p.3 (LCI(L) 442 entry); http://usslci.org/guns-behind-palagi-rock/ (Agat Beach right-flank roster)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The association memorial list records for 'LCI(L) 442 - SWPA Eniwetok 2/22/1944 by friendly fire': KIA Paul D. Mayes, Gorden McCuiston, George W. Meckley, Fleet F. Willis, Floyd E. Wright, and Alexander W. Finney - six crewmen killed during the Eniwetok occupation window (17-26 Feb 1944) credited in NavSource's campaign table. The Elsie Item account of the 21 July 1944 Agat Beach (Guam) assault, quoting the LCI(G)-365 action report, places LCI(G) 442 among eight gunboats of LCI(G) Division Fifteen leading the first wave - right flank with LCI(G)s 450, 474, 475 - delivering 40mm/20mm fire and two 4.5-inch rocket salvos.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-02-22; 1944-07-21
- Population
- LCI(L)-442 crew at Eniwetok (six named KIA); LCI(G) Division Fifteen crews at Guam
- Limitations
- Veterans-association secondary publication, not an official record - casualty names and the friendly-fire characterization are not independently verified against muster rolls or the loss report; the Division Fifteen placement at Guam (July 1944) predates the Division 32 assignment documented by NHHC for May 1945 and both are consistent with flotilla reorganization. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-06
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[7]NARA Special List #44 - List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947, by-ship-number volume; NARA deck-log guidance identifies the WWII series as RG 24, Entry 118 (NAID 581208) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf p.17, 'LCI(L)(G)-442 8/11/1943 6/30/1945'; https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy (RG 24 Entry 118, NAID 581208); https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online (digitized list - hull absent)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Special List 44 (by ship number, PDF page 17) lists deck logs for this hull under 'LCI(L)(G)-442' covering 8/11/1943-6/30/1945 - confirming logs exist from commissioning through June 1945. The hull is absent from NARA's navy-online list of fully digitized deck logs, so the record series is an archival lead (RG 24 Entry 118, National Archives at College Park), not an online source. NavSource's quotation of the craft's 27 July 1945 action report (Okinawa TU 52.17.2) and two NARA-held photographs indicate further primary material exists in NARA files.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-08-11 to 1945-06-30 (listed coverage)
- Limitations
- The SL44 listing is a log-coverage range, not commissioning/decommissioning dates; no post-6/30/1945 interval is listed for the hull although she remained commissioned to June 1946 - the disposition of Jul 1945-Jun 1946 logs is unverified (see gaps). The logs themselves were not examined - contents unknown until retrieval. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-07
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[8]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications block (all-diesel GM series-71 plant, no steam); shipbuildinghistory.com yard record (1943 Navy LCI production); Corn and Starr AJIM 1987 (ev-09); GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150442.htm specifications block; shipbuildinghistory.com New Jersey Shipbuilding page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A Navy landing craft built in 1943 at a Navy-directed emergency yard sits inside the documented era of asbestos use in U.S. shipbuilding. As an all-diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; era-standard applications aboard a diesel craft of this type and period were engine and exhaust lagging, machinery and wiring insulation, gaskets, and packing.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding trades (1943); crew 1943-46; any maintenance/yard personnel 1943-47
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, work package, or survey was located for LCI(L)-442. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. Absence of a steam plant narrows but does not eliminate candidate applications.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-08
-
[9]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373; Crossref record for DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700110311
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documenting that asbestos was used extensively as fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. WWII shipbuilding - the program under which this LCI was mass-produced in 1943 - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard wartime hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarship; does not name this vessel, this class, or this yard, and establishes neither presence, quantity, location, exposure, nor causation for this hull. DOI metadata verified via Crossref 2026-09-30; direct fetch of the DOI target returned HTTP 403 (Wiley bot-filtering) - DOI is registered and resolves for human users.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-09
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire 1943 construction and 1943-46 service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov blocks automated fetch (HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-10
-
[11]Batch-5158 search ledger (this record): NavSource 150442; NHHC Pacific Fleet org 1 May 1945; NHHC awards manual; Dyer ACTC ch. XIX via HyperWar; USMC Guam monograph; NARA SL44 + navy-online list; shipbuildinghistory.com; uboat.net; usslci.org; CourtListener type=o/r; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming LCI(L)-442/LCI(G)-442 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion queries ('LCI-442' 72 hits; 'LCI(L)-442' 635; 'LCI(G)-442' 521) and one docket query ('LCI-442' 1,753) returned token-split name collisions - LCI Communications/LCI International telecom litigation, Lippert Components Inc., and unrelated '442' docket numbers - with no qualifying asbestos case naming this hull in the retrieved pages. CAVEATS: retrieved pages (first 20 of each query) only; a narrowed 'LCI-442 asbestos' opinion query was throttled by the fleet pacing limiter this session and is logged as blocked, not a negative result.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1943 Navy combat craft is era-consistent with era-standard ACM applications. CourtListener review was limited to first-page results (uniformly non-qualifying) and the docket index is noise-dominated at this query; deeper review and the narrowed query remain open. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-442-lcil442-11