Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-446 - milestones, flotilla assignments, campaign table, ribbon rack, specifications, disposition (history credit: 'USS LCI Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150446.htm header block, campaign/ribbon tables, specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI(L)-351 class; laid down 3 June 1943 at New Jersey Ship Building Corp., Barber, N.J.; launched 2 August 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-446 19 August 1943. WWII Asiatic-Pacific Theater in LCI Flotilla Five and LCI Flotilla Twenty-Two (1944-45; flotilla commanders CDR Paul McD. Smith 1944, CDR Marion M. Byrd 1944-45). Campaigns: Green Island landing, Bismarck Archipelago operation 15-19 February 1944; Morotai landings, Western New Guinea operations 15 September 1944; Lingayen Gulf landings, Luzon operation 9 January 1945 - three battle stars. Post-war: Navy Occupation service Far East 9-30 September 1945; China service under Commander Yangtze Patrol Force 1 October - 21 December 1945. Decommissioned and struck, dates unknown; transferred to the Maritime Commission 1 April 1948 for disposal; fate unknown. Specifications: 236 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; 158' 5.5" x 23' 3"; 16 kts max; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; five single 20mm; propulsion two sets of 4 GM 6051-series-71 diesels (4 per shaft), twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; international radio call sign NQIB. Ribbon rack: Combat Action Ribbon (retroactive), China Service Medal (extended), American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (3 stars), WWII Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp), Philippines Presidential Unit Citation, Philippines Liberation Medal (1).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1948
- Population
- Construction trades, New Jersey Shipbuilding Barber NJ (1943); crew and embarked troops (1943-45)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestones generally track NVR/DANFS conventions but the underlying ship history is credited to a veterans' published history (Turner Publishing 1995). Decommissioned/struck dates are given as unknown. Contains no asbestos or material content. Launch date (2 Aug 1943) conflicts with uboat.net (6 Aug 1943) - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-446-01
-
[2]NARA Special List 44, 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947', ship-number list [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, page 24, row 'LCI(L)-446 8/19/1943 5/31/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Special List 44 (ship-number list, PDF page 24) lists deck logs under LCI(L)-446 covering 8/19/1943 - 5/31/1945 (MM/DD/YYYY). These are log-coverage dates, not assumed commissioning/decommissioning dates; the commissioning date corroborated by NavSource (19 Aug 1943) coincides with the coverage start. The underlying logs are RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel), Entry 118, National Archives Identifier 581208.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (coverage window)
- Population
- Crew of record 1943-45 (deck-log population)
- Limitations
- Index-level documentation: confirms that logbooks exist for this hull across the stated coverage window, not their contents. The logs are not digitized in this pass - no wartime incident, availability, or material detail was extracted from them. Coverage start aligns with commissioning but is not itself a commissioning record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-446-02
-
[3]Shipbuilding History (shipbuildinghistory.com), 'New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ' emergency-small-craft yard table [other_primary]
- Locator
- Yard table rows LCI(L) 438-448; row 'LCI(L) 446 | US Navy | Landing Craft | Aug-43 | Struck 1946'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. (Barber, NJ) production table lists hull 'LCI(L) 446', owner US Navy, type Landing Craft, delivery Aug-43, disposition 'Struck 1946'. Sister rows show the same block built LCI(L)s 435-448 delivered Aug-Sep 1943; only LCI(L)-438 and LCI(L)-439 of the block are noted as converted to LCI(G) gunboats - LCI(L)-446 is not marked converted, foreign-transferred, or lost.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943)
- Limitations
- Secondary yard-compilation, not a registry: 'struck 1946' refines NavSource's 'date unknown' but is itself unverified against the Naval Register. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-446-03
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LCI(L)-446 (LCI(L)-446) - build data and wartime convoy events citing HMAS Vendetta reports of proceedings and escort war diaries [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21488 build card and 'Notable events' (10 Jun 1944; 5 Aug 1944) with cited sources 1-2
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Build card: New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. (Barber, NJ); ordered 22 March 1943; laid down 3 June 1943; launched 6 August 1943; commissioned 19 August 1943. Documented wartime movements: (1) convoy Langemak Bay to Humboldt Bay (Hollandia) departing 10 June 1944 - LCI(L)-444 and LCI(L)-446 with the merchant convoy plus ten PT boats of MTB Squadron 9, escorted by USS Witter, USS Bowers, USS Foreman, HMAS Vendetta and HMAS Strahan; Lt.(jg) H.T. Coller, USNR, named as LCI(L)-446's commanding officer; arrived Humboldt Bay 13 June 1944. (2) 5-7 August 1944 convoy of 14+ LCIs of LCI(L) Flotilla 22 Langemak Bay to Humboldt Bay escorted by HMAS Vendetta, HMAS Cootamundra and HMAS Glenelg - LCI(L)-446 among four LCIs joining two hours after sailing; arrived 7 August 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- Crew under Lt.(jg) H.T. Coller USNR (Jun 1944); Flotilla 22 LCI crews (Aug 1944)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation; the convoy narratives cite Allied escort reports of proceedings (primary-level sourcing) but the build card's 6 Aug 1943 launch date conflicts with NavSource's 2 Aug 1943 - unresolved (see gaps). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-446-04
-
[5]USS Landing Craft Infantry National Association, 'LCI(L) 618 - History of LCI Flotilla 22' (association-published flotilla narrative history) [museum_official]
- Locator
- usslci.org Flotilla 22 history page - roster line, TG 77.4 LCI unit list, break-up assignment paragraph
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The Flotilla 22 roster names LCI(L)-446 among the 36 craft of the flotilla (formed August 1944 from old Flotilla 5 ships). The narrative lists '446' in the LCI unit of Task Group 77.4 at the Morotai invasion (16 September 1944); describes the flotilla's Leyte passage 3 January 1945 and Task Force 78 Lingayen Gulf landings 9 January 1945 where its craft were assigned smoke-making duty on the gulf's edge against enemy suicide boats and bombers; and records that on the flotilla's break-up '433, 434, 435, 436, 518, 519, 445, 446, 776, 777, 1032 and 1033 were assigned to Commander Yangtze Patrol Force.' The flotilla departed for the States December 1945 and decommissioned January 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- LCI Flotilla 22 crews incl. LCI(L)-446 (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Veterans' association narrative history - names the hull at roster and operation level but most actions are flotilla-level and not individually hull-attributed (e.g., smoke-making, Subic Bay basing). The January 1946 decommissioning is a flotilla statement, not a per-hull date. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-446-05
-
[6]Australian War Memorial collection item 081453 (photograph + official caption); NavSource photo series also cites AWM 081452, 081684, 081685 [other_primary]
- Locator
- awm.gov.au collection C80827 (accession 081453); NavSource 10/15/150446.htm image table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- AWM accession 081453, official caption: 'TRINITY BEACH, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA. 1944-10-12. MEMBERS OF THE 2/27TH INFANTRY BATTALION BOARD THE LANDING CRAFT INFANTRY 446 TO BECOME FAMILIAR WITH THE CRAFT AND THE EXERCISE.' Companion AWM accessions 081452/081684/081685 (via NavSource captions) document the same Trinity Beach amphibious-training series of this hull, one of which NavSource captions with the 2/14th Infantry Battalion - unit attributions differ between captions (see gaps).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-10-12
- Population
- LCI(L)-446 crew; 2/27th Australian Infantry Battalion embarked (Oct 1944)
- Limitations
- Photographic presence documentation: establishes the physical hull and embarked Australian troops on the stated date; not a work, condition, or material record. AWM caption unit (2/27th Battalion) conflicts with a NavSource caption's 2/14th Battalion for the same photo series - unresolved. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-446-06
-
[7]U.S. Navy Radio Call Sign Book (WWII), Section 18 (HyperWar transcription of the wartime Navy publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- CallSigns-18.html, LCI sequence rows (LCI(L) 444 NQHG; LCI(L) 445 NQHX; LCI(L) 446 NQIB)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The wartime US Navy call-sign listing assigns 'LCI (L) 446, NQIB' - matching the NQIB call letters displayed on the NavSource page for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- WWII
- Limitations
- Confirms the radio call sign only; no other content for this hull. HyperWar is a transcription mirror of the official Navy document.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-446-07
-
[8]HyperWar, 'US Navy Landing Ships/Craft, 1940-1945' (ships'-data tabulation), LCI(L)-351 class block and hull roster [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-lc.html, 'LCI(L)-351 Class' spec block and roster rows
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LCI(L)-351 class data block: 385 tons full load; 160'4"; 23'3" beam; 15.5 knots; armament 5 x 20mm; complement 4 officers, 25 enlisted; capacity 9 officers, 200 enlisted or 75 tons cargo; 2 sets GM diesel engines, twin variable-pitch screws, 1600 BHP. The hull roster carries LCI(L)-446 inside the unannotated 'LCI(L)-445-486' range (1942-44) - unlike siblings LCI(L)-400/409/513, it carries no conversion, lend-lease, or loss notation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Limitations
- Class-level tabulation - the 351-class figures differ slightly from NavSource's block (complement 25 vs 24 enlisted; 1600 BHP vs 2320 shp; capacity 200 vs 182 troops; see gaps). Range-row treatment means no hull-specific remarks. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-446-08
-
[9]Era inference built on: NavSource/uboat.net/shipbuildinghistory build data (New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber NJ, 1943); NavSource + HyperWar class specifications (GM diesel plant, no steam); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (ev-uss-lci-l-446-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource/uboat.net build and spec data; shipyards.json (New Jersey Shipbuilding absent); GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A 1943-built diesel amphibious landing craft sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a small diesel craft of this type were engine-room and diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation in the confined hull volume. With no boilers or steam plant, the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of larger steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1948
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); crew (1943-46); any disposal/salvage workers post-1948
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, construction plan, or work package located for LCI(L)-446. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution. No NIOSH or other government industrial-hygiene record was located for the New Jersey Shipbuilding yard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-446-09
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (direct fetch HTTP 403; description rendered via scraper)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships; the 1975 policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for necessary repairs, modified in 1979 to selectively replace asbestos insulation in high-maintenance areas. The substitution era (early 1970s) postdates this craft's entire 1943-1948 lifecycle.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1975-1979 (policy window described)
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, unrelated to this hull. Supports era context only. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetch (confirmed 2026-09-30); content via rendered product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-446-10
-
[11]Batch-5162 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NARA Special List 44 (ship-number PDF); shipbuildinghistory.com yard table; uboat.net; USS LCI National Association; AWM; HyperWar call-sign book and ships'-data tabulation; NHHC DANFS index; NVR; MARAD Vessel History Database; NavalCoverMuseum; CourtListener; NIOSH HHE index; secondary web sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-446-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LCI(L)-446 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener sweeps on the exact hull string and variant strings ('LCI-446', 'LCI 446', 'LCI(L) 446') returned zero hits in both the opinion index and the RECAP docket index. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case and no 'asbestos aboard' claims outside law-firm-style listicle content (excluded by source policy). The MARAD Vessel History Database holds no status card for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. The litigation sweep is complete across CourtListener opinion and RECAP docket indexes for the exact and variant hull strings; note the search distinguishes this hull from the same-numbered LST-446/LCT-446/YTL-446. Deck logs (RG 24 E118, coverage to 31 May 1945 only) and any Maritime Commission disposal file for the 1948 transfer are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-446-11