Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet pg-packet.md (4 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-451-lcil451-pkt-pg-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(G)-451 ex USS LCI(L)-451 (1943-1944) - construction, designation timeline, campaign credits, awards, specifications (page history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995, ISBN 1-56311-262-0) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150451.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull (LCI-351 class): laid down 26 June 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber, N.J.; launched 19 August 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-451, 28 August 1943, Lt. (jg) C. E. Orr, USNR, in command; reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Gunboat) LCI(G)-451, 15 June 1944. Assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCI(G) Flotilla Three; LCI(G) Flotilla Six (CDR A. R. Montgomery, USN); LCI Group Seventeen (LCDR C. F. Robinson, USNR); LCI Division Thirty-Four. Campaigns: Marshalls (Kwajalein/Majuro 31 Jan-8 Feb 1944; Eniwetok 17 Feb-2 Mar 1944); Marianas (Saipan 15 Jun-4 Aug; Guam 17-21 Jul; Tinian 24-28 Jul 1944); Leyte landings 20 Oct 1944; Lingayen Gulf 9 Jan 1945; Okinawa Gunto 26 Mar-1 Jun 1945. Six battle stars plus Navy Unit Commendation. Decommissioned date unknown; struck 1946; final disposition 'destroyed, 27 February 1947'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- NJ Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); crew (~24 as LCI(L), ~70 as LCI(G)); embarked troops (capacity 188)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation - its dates generally track Navy records but the page credits its history text to a 1995 Turner Publishing veterans volume, a secondary source; independent primary confirmation of several details is carried in other rows (NHHC organization list, NHHC awards manual, NARA SL-44). Contains no asbestos or material content. 'Destroyed 27 February 1947' manner/location not further documented.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-451-01
-
[3]NHHC, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (Navy Department Library online reading room) [other_primary]
- Locator
- LCI GROUP 41 / LCI DIVISION 82 (G) table, p. ~80 of transcription
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official wartime fleet organization for 1 May 1945 places LCI 451 in LCI GROUP 41, LCI DIVISION 82 (G), with commanding officer Lt. (jg) C. E. Orr (USNR) - the same officer who commissioned her 28 August 1943 - under ComLCIGrp 41 Lt. Cdr. C. F. Robinson (USNR). Confirms her continued Pacific service and gunboat status at Okinawa-era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Crew under Lt. (jg) Orr, Okinawa period
- Limitations
- Primary wartime organization record, but shows a different group/division numbering (Group 41, Div 82) than NavSource's Turner-derived listing (Group Seventeen, Div 34) - renumbering vs transcription difference unresolved (see gaps). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-451-02
-
[4]NHHC, Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual (NAVPERS 15,790, Rev. 1953), Part II Unit Awards - LCI(G) Flotilla 3 Navy Unit Commendation roster [other_primary]
- Locator
- Pt. II Unit Awards, LCI(G) Flotilla 3 entry (full ship roster including LCI(G) 451)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official awards manual lists 'USS LCI (G) 451' by name among the constituent ships of LCI(G) Flotilla 3, Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet, cited for the Navy Unit Commendation: '31 Jan - 28 Jul 44 - Kwajelein and Eniwetok Atolls in the Marshall Islands and Saipan, Guam and Tinian in the Marianas' - operating ahead of assault waves to deliver rocket and gunfire at close range, taking damage under Japanese gunfire.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-01-31 to 1944-07-28 (award period); manual rev. 1953
- Population
- Flotilla 3 crews during Jan-Jul 1944 operations
- Limitations
- Documents the award and unit membership for this hull; no asbestos or material content. The citation language describes combat operations, not construction or material conditions.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-451-03
-
[5]VAdm George Carroll Dyer, 'The Amphibians Came to Conquer: The Story of Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner,' Ch. XXI 'The Nut Cracker - Saipan-Tinian-Guam' (FMFRP 12-109-II; HyperWar transcription of the Navy-published edition) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ACTC ch. XXI, TU 52.6.5 Gunboat Support Unit Able order of battle; Red Beach damage narrative (fn 68)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- At Saipan, LCI-451 carried the flagship marker (F) of Gunboat Support Unit Able, TU 52.6.5, under Lt. (jg) F. R. Giliberty, USNR. Quoting the unit action report: 'LCI(G)-451, firing on Red Beach suffered one direct hit from a salvo of enemy shells of 3" to 5" diameter. The shell hit the starboard life raft, took off part of the ladder from the main deck aft to the top of the deck house, went thru the main deck and out the side of the ship in number 4 troop compartment, just forward of the magazines. It severed the entire main electric trunk line.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06
- Population
- LCI(G)-451 crew at Saipan (June 1944); repair personnel after the Red Beach hit
- Limitations
- Ship-specific combat-damage record quoted from the unit action report: documents through-hull penetration of compartments and electrical trunking - battle-damage repair is an era-typical material-disturbance pathway, but the source contains no asbestos or material content. CO discrepancy: task org shows Giliberty at Saipan (June 1944) while NavSource/NHHC show Orr at commissioning and May 1945 - interim command timeline unresolved (see gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-451-04
-
[6]NARA Special List #44 - List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number PDF) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 17, row 'LCI(L)(G)-451 8/28/1943 6/30/1945'; collection: RG 24, Entry 118, NAID 581208
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds deck logs filed under 'LCI(L)(G)-451' covering 8/28/1943-6/30/1945 - i.e., the entire commissioned career from commissioning day through war's end. These are the primary daily records of locations, operations, repairs, and personnel for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-08-28 to 1945-06-30
- Population
- Crew and repair personnel reflected in logs
- Limitations
- Coverage dates are log-coverage endpoints, not assumed commissioning/decommissioning dates (coverage happens to match commissioning because the first log opens at commissioning). The logs are at NARA (RG 24, Entry 118, NAID 581208 per the archives.gov logbooks page) but this hull does not appear on NARA's digitized deck-log list - retrieval requires an archives request. Content (repairs, material work) unexamined.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-451-05
-
[7]NHHC, 'Casualties Navy and Coast Guard Ships' (WWII losses by type) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Casualties page, Landing Craft Infantry (Gunboat) and (Large) sections
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- LCI(G)-451 does not appear on the official casualty list. The LCI(G) section lists sisters LCI(G)-82 (suicide boat, Okinawa 4 Apr 1945), LCI(G)-365 (suicide boat, Lingayen Gulf 10 Jan 1945), LCI(G)-459 (off Palau 19 Sep 1944), LCI(G)-468 (17 Jun 1944), and LCI(G)-474 (off Iwo Jima 17 Feb 1945) - but no -451. Confirms the 1947 'destroyed' disposition is a post-war administrative disposal, not a combat loss.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1941-1946 (list coverage)
- Limitations
- Absence from a casualty list documents that the hull was not a WWII total loss; it does not establish the manner or place of the 1947 destruction. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-451-06
-
[8]NHHC, 'Disposition of Target Vessels' (Operation Crossroads) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Crossroads disposition page, LCIs section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- LCI-451 was not an Operation Crossroads target vessel. The NHHC disposition list names only LCI-327, LCI-329, LCI-332, LCI-549, LCI-615, and LCI-620 among LCIs; LCI-451 is absent. Rules out radiological target-vessel contamination as a factor in her 1946-47 disposal.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1946-1948 (Crossroads disposal window)
- Limitations
- Negative finding against a specific scenario (atomic-test target) only; the actual manner of her 27 February 1947 destruction remains undocumented. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-451-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications (eight GM diesels, two banks of four, 4 per shaft, 1,600 BHP, twin variable-pitch propellers - diesel plant, no steam); NavSource construction data (all-steel LCI-351 class, built mid-1943); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (see ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered steel landing craft built in mid-1943 sits inside the documented Navy asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a craft of this type and period were machinery and diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets and valve packing, electrical cable insulation in trunked runs (relevant: her documented Saipan hit severed the main electric trunk), and friction linings on winches and deck machinery. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway does not apply. Small size (~389 t loaded) and a short commissioned life (Aug 1943 to 1946 striking) bound the material inventory.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- NJ Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); crew (1943-46); battle-damage repair personnel (1944); disposal/destruction personnel (1946-47)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-451. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-451-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1943) and service life (1943-1947).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-451-09
-
[11]Batch-5168 search ledger (this record): NavSource 10/15/150451.htm; NHHC Pacific Fleet organization 1 May 1945; NHHC Navy & MC Awards Manual Pt. II; Dyer ACTC ch. XXI (HyperWar); NARA Special List 44 + digitized-logs list; NHHC casualties page; NHHC Crossroads disposition page; DANFS index; GAO HRD-80-2; CourtListener (paced/blocked); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-451-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LCI(L)-451 / LCI(G)-451 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Authenticated CourtListener v4 searches ran clean - '"LCI(G)-451" OR "LCI(L)-451" OR "LCI-451"' returned 0 opinions and 0 dockets; spaced variant '"LCI 451"' returned 0 opinions. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case and no marketing content naming this specific hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - construction-era materials are era-consistent inference. CourtListener coverage ran clean on hyphenated and spaced name/number variants (0 opinions, 0 dockets). Deck logs (RG 24) and any disposal/destruction records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-451-10