Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(G)-456 ex USS LCI(L)-456 (1943-1944) - construction, LCI(G) reclassification, flotilla assignment, campaign table, awards, disposal, specifications (history credited to 'USS LCI "Landing Craft Infantry", Vol. II,' Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150456.htm header block, assignment block, campaign table, awards row, specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 13 July 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber, N.J.; launched 27 August 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-456, 7 September 1943, LTjg. E. M. Clark USNR (May 1945); international radio call sign NQKA. 'Reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Gunboat) LCI(G)-456, 15 June 1944.' WWII assignment: Asiatic-Pacific Theater - (1944) LCI Flotilla Three, CDR. R. Eikel Jr. USNR; (1945) LCI Flotilla Six, CDR. A.R. Montgomery USN; LCI Group Eighteen, LCDR. E.L. Yates; LCI Division Thirty-Six. Campaign table credits four Asiatic-Pacific campaigns: Marshall Islands operation (Occupation of Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls, 31 January - 8 February 1944); Marianas operation (Capture and occupation of Saipan, 15 June - 28 July 1944); Capture and occupation of Tinian, 24 - 28 July 1944; Western Caroline Islands operation (Capture and occupation of Southern Palau Islands, 6 September - 14 October 1944). Awards shown: Combat Action Ribbon, Navy Unit Commendation, American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (4 battle stars), World War II Victory Medal. Decommissioned date unknown; struck from the Naval Register 1946; transferred to the Maritime Commission 1 September 1947; final disposition fate unknown. Spec block: displacement 246 t light / 264 t landing / 419 t loaded; length 158' 5.5"; beam 23' 3"; speed 16 kts max / 14 kts continuous; LCI(L) complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted, LCI(G) complement 5 officers + 65 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; cargo 75 tons; LCI(G) armament two 40mm AA mounts, four 20mm AA mounts, six .50 cal machine guns, ten Mk 7 rocket launchers; propulsion two sets of 4 GM 6051-series-71 diesels (4 per shaft), single GM main reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp, two diesel-drive 30 kW 120 V DC ship's-service generators; 2-inch plastic splinter protection on gun turrets, conning tower and pilot house.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (Barber, 1943); crew (1943-46+, 4+24 as LCI(L), 5+65 as LCI(G)); embarked infantry troops in LCI(L) role (up to ~188 per landing cycle)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestones generally track official Navy data and the page credits Turner Publishing's USS LCI Vol. II as its source. The CO attribution 'LTjg. E. M. Clark USNR (May 1945)' is corroborated by the official 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization (ev-05). IMPORTANT CONFLICT: the official 1 May 1945 organization places LCI 456 in LCI Flotilla THIRTEEN / Group 39 / Division 78 (G) - not NavSource's Flotilla Six / Group Eighteen / Division Thirty-Six; NavSource's group-commander name (Yates) matches the official Group 39 commander, suggesting a unit-number scramble in the secondary source (see ev-05 and gaps). Contains no asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-01
-
[2]NavSource transcription of the Secretary of the Navy Navy Unit Commendation citation for LCI(G) FLOTILLA THREE, Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet (signed James Forrestal) - unit citation explicitly listing hull 456 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/15000031.htm - 'LCI(G) Flotilla Three' page, full citation text and hull authorization list
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The SecNav NUC citation commends LCI(G) FLOTILLA THREE 'for outstanding heroism in action in support of amphibious landings on enemy Japanese-held Kwajalein and Eniwetok Atolls in the Marshall Islands, and on Saipan, Guam and Tinian in the Marianas, from January 31 to July 28, 1944' - describing gunboats preceding assault waves to deliver concentrated rocket and gunfire at perilously close range, suffering 'serious damage under heavy Japanese gunfire' with numerous casualties. The authorization list of hulls constituting Flotilla THREE during the citation period explicitly includes 456 ('LCI(G)'s 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 345, 346, 347, 348, 365, 366, 371, 372, 373, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 470, 725, and 726'). NavSource's ship page states this hull earned the NUC 'as a member of LCI(G) Flotilla 3 (31 January to 28 July 1944).'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-01-31 to 1944-07-28 (citation period)
- Population
- LCI(G)-456 officers and crew during the citation period (Jan-Jul 1944)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific unit award: the citation names hull 456 among the flotilla's ships and establishes combat employment during the citation period at the unit level. It does NOT establish that this hull was present at every named island - the citation covers the flotilla's combined actions at Kwajalein, Eniwetok, Saipan, Guam, and Tinian, while the hull's own campaign table credits Kwajalein/Majuro, Saipan, and Tinian only (no Eniwetok, no Guam). The citation is a primary document carried via NavSource transcription; the underlying award was not independently verified against a Navy Department general-order text this session. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-02
-
[3]Shipbuilding History (T. Colton), 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) - LCI(L)' construction table and program summary [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm - table row '456', intro paragraphs
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The construction table lists hull 456 under 'LCI(L), New Jersey SB, Barber NJ,' variant flag G (gunboat), delivery 7-Sep-43, disposition 'To NDRF 1948.' Program summary: 923 LCI(L)s built by only ten shipyards; the basic design (first 350 boats) was 158.5 ft / 216 t light, the remainder six inches longer and 30 tons heavier - hull 456 sits in the later band; variants LC(FF), LCI(G), LCI(M), LCI(R) - 'LCI(G)s had two 40mm Guns and ten Mk. 7 rocket launchers in addition to the standard armament of four 20mm guns and six .50-cal machine guns.' 'To NDRF' is glossed by the editor as 'MARAD took charge of the boat and disposed of it in some way.' Sister hulls 450-455 and 457-459 are likewise flagged G in the table - the same New Jersey SB gunboat block.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1948
- Population
- New Jersey SB construction trades (1943); MARAD/NDRF custodians (1947-48)
- Limitations
- Editorially maintained shipbuilding reference, not a registry - the table's 'Delivery' column tracks delivery-to-Navy (here = commissioning date). 'To NDRF 1948' is consistent with but not identical to NavSource's 'transferred to the Maritime Commission 1 September 1947' - year and staging differ slightly, carried in gaps; neither source gives buyer or final disposition. Says nothing about materials or asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-03
-
[4]National Archives, Special List #44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number index for RG 24 Entry 118 deck-log holdings) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List #44 ship-number PDF, p. 17, LCI(L)(G) section, row 'LCI(L)(G)-456 9/7/1943 6/30/1945' (verified verbatim against downloaded PDF)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's own logbook inventory lists 'LCI(L)(G)-456 | 9/7/1943 | 6/30/1945' - deck logs for this hull covering the documented commissioning date (7 September 1943) through 30 June 1945, held in the RG 24 Entry 118 Navy deck-log collection (series NAID 581208). The hull is filed under its later gunboat styling 'LCI(L)(G)-456' among the consecutive New Jersey SB gunboat entries LCI(L)(G)-453 through -459 on the same page.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-09-07 to 1945-06-30 (inventoried coverage)
- Population
- Officers of the deck and crew recorded in the logs (1943-45)
- Limitations
- Inventory-level record: establishes that deck logs for this hull exist in NARA custody (and their coverage span), not their contents - the logs are not digitized (confirmed against NARA's 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' list, which contains no WWII LCI(L) entries; its only LCI-derived entry is postwar AMCU/MHC-26 Kestrel ex-LCI-874). The coverage start equals the commissioning date; the uniform '6/30/1945' end across most LCI(L) entries reflects a 1947-compiled accession boundary, not the ship's decommissioning - post-June-1945 logs are not in this inventory. Log-coverage dates are not asserted service dates.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-04
-
[5]NHHC online reading room, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (official wartime fleet organization document) - names this hull, its CO, and its unit [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC US Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945, LCI FLOTILLA THIRTEEN / LCI GROUP 39 / LCI DIVISION 78 (G) block, line 'LCI 456 - Lt. (jg) E. M. Clark (USNR)' (printed pp. 79-80); content verified via Firecrawl 2026-09-30 - URL returns 404 to plain curl (NHHC bot filtering, standing behavior noted since Batch 01)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization document lists 'LCI 456 - Lt. (jg) E. M. Clark (USNR)' as a member of LCI DIVISION 78 (G), inside LCI GROUP 39 (ComLCIGrp 39 - Lt. Cdr. E. L. Yates USNR), inside LCI FLOTILLA THIRTEEN (Comdr. M. B. Brown). Division 78 (G) members: LCI 404, 405, 406, 456, 729, 730 (GF). The document independently corroborates both the commanding officer (NavSource's 'LTjg. E. M. Clark USNR (May 1945)') and the group commander (NavSource's 'LCDR. E.L. Yates' - but attached to Group 39, not NavSource's 'Group Eighteen'; the official Group 18 commander was Lt. Cdr. A. J. Ormston and its Division 36 members were LCI 597, 599, 603, 682, 947 - no 456).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-01 (document date)
- Population
- LCI 456 crew under Lt.(jg) E. M. Clark; Group 39 / Flotilla 13 staff (May 1945)
- Limitations
- Official primary document, the strongest organizational record located - it names the hull and CO explicitly as of 1 May 1945. It CONTRADICTS NavSource's 1945 assignment line (Flotilla Six / Group Eighteen / Division Thirty-Six): NavSource preserved the correct group-commander surname (Yates) but the wrong group/division/flotilla numbers. The official document is carried for the 1 May 1945 snapshot; NavSource's variant is unresolved and flagged in gaps. Citation_type nhhc_danfs used for NHHC-hosted official document (not a DANFS entry). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-05
-
[6]uboat.net Allied Warships entry, USS LCI(L)-456 (LCI 351 class) - construction data, LCI(G) reclassification date [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/21498.html - data table ('History' line)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Corroborates the construction and designation record: pennant LCI(L)-456; built by New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. (Barber, New Jersey, U.S.A.); ordered 22 March 1943; laid down 13 July 1943; launched 27 August 1943; commissioned 7 September 1943; 'Reclassified as LCI(G), Landing Craft Guns on 15 June 1944.' The index carries no commanding-officer list, no wartime events, and no disposal entry for this hull ('End service' blank).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- New Jersey SB construction trades (1943)
- Limitations
- Volunteer-maintained secondary index; construction data corroborate NavSource/shipbuildinghistory rather than add new authority. The sole order date (22 Mar 1943) is unverified elsewhere. No CO list, no event history, no disposal data. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-06
-
[7]HyperWar, 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945: Landing Ships and Craft' - LCI(G) type spec block and LCI(G) table row for hull 456 (transcription of official USN ship data) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/ships-lc.html - 'LCI(G) -- Landing Craft, Infantry (Gunboat)' spec block and table row 'LCI(G)-456 | 1944-45 | 12 Sep 44 (no details)'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION CANDIDATE (conflicting loss flag): HyperWar's transcription of the official USN ship list carries the row 'LCI(G)-456 | 1944-45 | [dagger] 12 Sep 44 (no details)' - the table's own legend defines the dagger as 'Lost.' If read literally, the entry would mark this hull lost on 12 September 1944 (the D-3 pre-invasion bombardment day at Peleliu). That reading is contradicted by: NavSource-captioned NARA photographs of the hull firing rockets at Peleliu on 19 September 1944 and on post-invasion picket duty; the hull's own NARA-held action report dated 17-18 April 1945 in the Palaus (NAID 101754065); the official 1 May 1945 fleet organization listing her active with a CO; and her documented 1946-47 disposal (struck 1946, to Maritime Commission 1 September 1947, NDRF 1948). The flag more plausibly records a damage or casualty event during the Peleliu D-3 bombardment - the flotilla NUC citation notes the gunboats 'suffered serious damage under heavy Japanese gunfire' - or a list error; sister gunboat LCI(G)-459 genuinely was lost in the same operation on 19 September 1944.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-09-12 (flagged event date)
- Population
- Crew during the Peleliu operation (Sept 1944)
- Limitations
- The 'lost' flag rests on HyperWar's transcription of the official list and is unexplained ('no details'); it cannot be reconciled as a literal loss with the hull's post-September-1944 documented activity and is carried as an unresolved conflict, not as fact. A damage event on 12 Sep 1944 is plausible but unverified - the deck logs (SL44 coverage through Jun 1945) and the April 1945 action report are the leads. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-07
-
[8]NARA Catalog items for this hull via DPLA mirror (National Archives at College Park - Textual Reference): ship action report (ONI/Office of Naval Records and Library collection), WWII War Diaries (RG 38/CNO collection), and Muster Rolls (Bureau of Naval Personnel collection) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DPLA searches '"LCI(L) 456"' (4 items) and '"LCI(G) 456"' (2 items); NAIDs 101754065, 135954539, 135964534, 78224058, 120322030, 120322094
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Six NARA catalog records name this hull: 'LCI(G)-456 - Rep of action in Schonian Harbor, Palau Island, 4/17/45' (NAID 101754065; Office of Naval Records and Library, Micro Serial 133464, Serial 277, dated 4/18/1945) - a ship-specific action report documenting combat employment in the Palaus into April 1945; 'USS LCI(L) 456 - War Diary, 9/7-30/43' (NAID 135954539); 'USS LCI (L) 456 - War Diary, 10/1-31/43' (NAID 135964534); 'USS LCI(L) 456 - War Diary, 10/1/43 to 11/30/43' (NAID 78224058); 'LCI(L) 456 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120322030); and 'LCI(G) 456 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120322094). The September 1943 diary opens on the commissioning date; muster rolls exist under both designations.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-09 to 1945-04 (located record span)
- Population
- LCI(L)/LCI(G)-456 crew (1943-45 record span)
- Limitations
- Archival leads only: catalog titles establish that ship-specific action-report, war-diary, and muster-roll records exist at Archives II, not their contents - catalog.archives.gov pages are JS-rendered; titles and NAIDs transcribed via the DPLA mirror, contents unverified. The two October-November 1943 war-diary items overlap in coverage (possibly separate accessions); whether diaries continue into 1944-45 (through the gunboat conversion and Palau operations) was not confirmed - the DPLA result sets showed 4 items for 'LCI(L) 456' and 2 for 'LCI(G) 456.' No asbestos content demonstrated.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-08
-
[9]NARA still photographs via NavSource captions (photo numbers 257558 and 257559, US Navy photos in NARA collections) - this hull at Peleliu, September 1944; plus NavSource-linked operation documents (Western Caroline Islands Attack Landing Order; CTF 32 Operation Plan A501-44, Appendix 4 to Annex 'D,' Beach White Peleliu) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150456.htm photo-caption block (NARA 257558/257559; 19 Sep 1944 rocket-firing photo; picket-duty photo); linked PDFs 180782a.pdf and 160243b.pdf (OCR'd this session)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Contemporaneous US Navy photography now in NARA collections documents this hull in combat employment at Peleliu in September 1944: crew members loading rockets during the invasion (NARA photo numbers 257558 and 257559), the hull 'in the conn' during the invasion, and the hull preparing 'to fire 4.5" rockets from her Mk 7 launcher at Peleliu, 19 september 1944' with heavy cruiser USS Portland (CA-33) in the background (the last from Friedman's 'U.S. Amphibious Ships and Craft'). A further photo (via the USS LCI National Association newsletter 'The Elsie Item,' February 2006, courtesy of Ed Clark, USS LCI 456) shows the hull anchored on post-invasion picket duty at Peleliu behind a crew-built anti-mine screen. Two operation documents linked from the page - the Western Caroline Islands Attack Landing Order (navsource.net 180782a.pdf) and CTF 32 Operation Plan A501-44 Appendix 4 to Annex 'D,' Beach White Peleliu (160243b.pdf) - are scanned image PDFs; OCR-level extraction shows 'Gunboat Support Unit' entries under a commander transcribed as 'Hikel'/'Eikel' USNR in the landing-order structure, consistent with Flotilla Three gunboat employment, but no hull-level unit assignment was extractable.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-09
- Population
- LCI(G)-456 gun crews and embarked Marine liaison at Peleliu (Sept 1944)
- Limitations
- Archival leads: the NARA photo numbers are concrete ship-specific documentation of Peleliu combat employment in September 1944, captioned via NavSource; the operation-plan PDFs are scanned images with no text layer (tesseract OCR of the landing order yielded unit-structure lines only - '32.13.7 Gunboat Support Unit Lieut-Comdr. Hikel, USNR' - no hull numbers). The picket-duty photo's source is the veterans' association newsletter via the ship's own CO (Ed Clark), not an official caption. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-09
-
[10]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications block (8 x GM 6051-series-71 diesels, 4 per shaft; GM main reduction gears; twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; two diesel-drive 30 kW 120 V DC ship's-service generators); HyperWar LCI(G) class spec (8 GM diesels, 5 officers + 65 enlisted, gunboat armament 'Converted from LCI(L) for close-in fire support of landing operations'); GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-11); Rushworth NEJ 2005 (ev-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 150456.htm specifications block; HyperWar ships-lc.html LCI(G) spec block; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; NEJ 117(2) 2005
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- An all-diesel landing craft built July-August 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber, sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard asbestos applications aboard a welded-steel diesel amphibious craft of this type and period were machinery gaskets and valve/flange packing, engine and exhaust-system lagging, electrical insulation, and brake linings on the bow-ramp winch and windlass machinery. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; exposure-relevant confined spaces were her engine room and machinery spaces. The June 1944 LCI(G) conversion added gun and rocket armament and roughly tripled crew berthing (4+24 to 5+65) - additional fitting-out scope of undocumented materials.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1948
- Population
- New Jersey SB construction trades (1943); crew (1943-46+); 1944 LCI(G)-conversion yard trades (location undocumented); MARAD/NDRF custodians (1947-48)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, builder specification sheet, conversion work package, or material list was located for this class or this hull; product names are normalized era terms and no manufacturer attribution exists for this hull. The LCI(L) was an austere, simply fitted combat craft and its asbestos-relevant material load was materially lower than a steam vessel's - but 'lower' is not 'none,' and this row asserts no ship-specific fact. The conversion-scope remark is era inference, not a documented work item.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-10
-
[11]Rushworth, Denis H., 'The Navy and Asbestos Thermal Insulation,' Naval Engineers Journal 117(2), 1 April 2005, pp. 35-48, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2005.tb00336.x (peer-reviewed journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- NEJ 117(2) 2005 article record + abstract, ingentaconnect art00012
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed Naval Engineers Journal article documents that asbestos 'was once used in U. S. Navy shipboard pipe and machinery thermal insulation and in many other shipboard products,' that plaintiffs in asbestos lawsuits 'include many who were exposed to asbestos while serving in Navy ships built during and following WWII,' and that 'the most likely source of their Navy shipboard exposures was thermal insulation' because the materials were 'dry, friable, and easily accessible.' Covers this hull's construction and service era at the practice level.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- WWII-1970s practice era
- Population
- Navy shipboard crews of WWII-and-later construction (practice-level)
- Limitations
- Era/practice-level documentation - names no hull and no product list for this vessel; establishes the Navy-era practice, not installed materials aboard LCI(L)/LCI(G)-456. Abstract-level read; article body not retrieved (paywalled; abstract and record page verified live via Firecrawl - direct curl returns 403). No quantity, product, or individual exposure data.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-11
-
[12]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships through the period covering this hull's construction and service (1943-47), and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (report); WWII-1970s use era
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; Navy asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports Navy-era context only, not any fact specific to this hull or this class. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch (standing limitation confirmed in batches 01, 98, 5069, and 5094); content via product-page description per standing batch practice.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-12
-
[13]Batch-5173 search ledger (this record): NARA Special List 44 PDF; NavSource ship page + flotilla NUC citation page; shipbuildinghistory LCI(L) table; uboat.net warship entry; NHHC Pacific Fleet organization 1 May 1945; HyperWar landing-craft list + LCI(G) spec; NARA catalog via DPLA (6 items); NARA online deck-log list; NARA still-photography numbers; op-plan PDFs (OCR); NHHC H-gram 086-2; USS LCI National Association + Elsie Item #95; amphibiousforces.org memorial list; NPS NRHP nomination for sister hull LCI(L)-713; GAO product page; Rushworth NEJ abstract; CourtListener API v4; secondary web sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-01 through -19
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, hull material list, or litigation naming LCI(L)-456 / LCI(G)-456 / LCI(L)(G)-456 / LCI-456 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned HTTP 200 count 0 on every query: opinions for 'LCI(L)-456', 'LCI(G)-456', 'LCI-456', 'LCIG-456', 'LCI(L)(G)-456', and '"LCI(G)" asbestos'; and RECAP dockets for '"LCI(L)-456" OR "LCI(G)-456"' (count 0, document_count 0). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case and no marketing page asserting asbestos aboard this hull - only NavSource/uboat/list-mirror hits and veteran-association crew content. The one detailed class-level primary record examined - the NPS NRHP nomination for surviving sister hull LCI(L)-713 (full text re-extracted this session) - contains no mention of asbestos, insulation, hazmat, or abatement. The NHHC H-gram on the Iwo Jima LCI-gunboat battle names sister hulls (449, 457, 474, et al.) in LCI(G) Group EIGHT - a different unit than this hull's Group 39 / Group 18 - and does not mention 456; her campaign list ends at the Palaus (Oct 1944).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era-consistent materials could have been present and simply undocumented for an austere auxiliary-type craft with a brief service life and a 1947-48 disposal. The litigation sweep covers CourtListener opinions and RECAP dockets under all name variants (six opinion queries + one docket query, all authenticated count 0); state-court filings were not searched. Deck logs (NARA RG 24 E-118), the three located war diaries, two muster-roll sets, and the April 1945 action report are undigitized leads that could hold ship-specific material detail. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-456-lcil456-13