Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet pi-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-465. Hull 465. Designation: LCI(L). Type/class: LCI(L)-351 class Landing Craft Infantry.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-pkt-pi-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(G)-465 (ex-USS LCI(L)-465) page (history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource archive page 10/15/150465 (ship entry, campaign table, awards block, and specifications block)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity, construction, wartime record, and disposition for this hull: LCI-351 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 6 August 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber, N.J.; launched 11 September 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-465 on 21 September 1943, LTjg. J. S. Nicholls III USNR in command (May 1945); reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Gunboat) LCI(G)-465 on 15 June 1944. Assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater - LST Flotilla Three (1944); LCI Flotilla Six (CDR. A.R. Montgomery USN); LCI Group Eighteen (LCDR. E.L. Yates); LCI Div Thirty-Four (May 1945). Credited campaigns: Marianas operation, capture and occupation of Guam 21 July - 5 August 1944; Leyte operation, Leyte landings 20 October 1944; Luzon operation, Lingayen Gulf landings 9 January 1945; Okinawa Gunto operation, assault and occupation 26 March - 1 June 1945. Decommissioned 12 July 1946 at Mobile, AL; struck from the Naval Register 1946; four battle stars for WWII service; sold 25 February 1947, registered as the barge Elsie I homeported Los Angeles; foundered 29 April 1951 about 3.5 miles off Huntington Beach, CA. Ribbons: American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (4); World War II Victory Medal; Philippine Liberation Medal (2).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1951
- Population
- Crew (4 officers, 24 enlisted LCI(L); 5 officers, 65 enlisted LCI(G)) and embarked troops (up to 6 officers, 182 enlisted), 1943-1946
- Limitations
- NavSource is a compiled secondary reference (transcribing Turner Publishing's USS LCI volume and Navy records), not a contemporaneous log or action report. The organizational listing (LST Flotilla Three; LCI Flotilla Six; Group Eighteen; Div Thirty-Four) conflicts with the official 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization document, which places LCI 465 in LCI Flotilla 14, Group 41, Division 82(G) - see ev-03 and gaps. Campaign credits are official-list summaries; striking is given only as '1946.' Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-01
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[3]National Archives and Records Administration, Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (by ship number), p.17 [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, p.17, rows 'LCI(L)(G)-465 | 9/21/1943 | 5/31/1944' and 'LCI(L)(G)-465 | 7/1/1944 | 6/30/1945' (verified by pdftotext extraction of the live NARA PDF, 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Special List 44 inventory (by ship number, PDF page 17) lists Navy deck logs for this hull under LCI(L)(G)-465 in two coverage spans: 9/21/1943 - 5/31/1944 and 7/1/1944 - 6/30/1945, held in Record Group 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel logs). These are log-coverage dates, not commissioning or decommissioning dates; the 9/21/1943 coverage start coincides with the documented commissioning date. The two spans leave June 1944 uncovered in the inventory listing - the month of the hull's reclassification to LCI(G) (15 June 1944 per NavSource).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (log coverage)
- Limitations
- Inventory record only - establishes that NARA holds logbooks for this hull for the stated spans, not their contents. The deck logs themselves were not opened for this record and do not appear on NARA's digitized-logs index (checked 2026-09-30); they reside at Archives II, College Park. Logs are cataloged under the final LCI(L)(G) designation even for pre-conversion months; post-June-1945 logs (vessel remained in commission until July 1946) are outside this listing. No asbestos or condition information in the listing.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-02
-
[4]Naval History and Heritage Command, Navy Department Library: United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945 (official wartime fleet organization document, transcribed; published online Jan 2021) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC online reading room transcription, tactical organization tables p.80: 'LCI DIVISION 82 (G) ... LCI 465 | Lt. (jg) J. S. Nicholls (USNR)' under LCI GROUP 41 / LCI FLOTILLA FOURTEEN
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization lists 'LCI 465' under Lt. (jg) J. S. Nicholls (USNR) in LCI DIVISION 82 (G), LCI GROUP 41 (ComLCIGrp 41 Lt. Cdr. C. F. Robinson, USNR), LCI FLOTILLA FOURTEEN (Capt. T. W. Rimer) - during the vessel's credited Okinawa Gunto campaign window (26 March - 1 June 1945). The '(G)' division suffix records gunboat-configured craft, consistent with her June 1944 LCI(G) reclassification. The officer named matches NavSource's commander listing for May 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Crew under Lt.(jg) Nicholls, May 1945; embarked gun crews per LCI(G) complement
- Limitations
- CONFLICT with NavSource: the Turner-derived history assigns this hull to LCI Flotilla Six / Group Eighteen / Div Thirty-Four for May 1945, but the official document shows Flotilla Six's Group 18 contained Divisions 35-36 (ComLCIGrp 18 was Lt. Cdr. A. J. Ormston; E. L. Yates commanded Group 39 under Flotilla 14) - see gaps. A point-in-time organization listing; does not record movements or actions. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-03
-
[5]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, USS LCI(L)-465 (LCI(L)-465) warship record, LCI 351 class [other_primary]
- Locator
- Ship page 21507, construction/history table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Compiled warship record for this hull: built by New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. (Barber, New Jersey); ordered 22 March 1943; laid down 6 August 1943; launched 11 September 1943; commissioned 21 September 1943; reclassified as LCI(G), Landing Craft Guns, on 15 June 1944; sold 25 February 1947. All milestone dates corroborate the NavSource record; the order date is uboat.net-only.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a reputable privately compiled database drawing on wartime records; it is secondary, not a primary source. The 'ordered 22 Mar 1943' date appears in no other source consulted and is carried in gaps rather than as a record fact. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-04
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[6]ShipbuildingHistory (Colton data via Naval Marine Archive mirror), New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ construction list [other_primary]
- Locator
- New Jersey Shipbuilding hull list, row for LCI(L) 465 (Del'y Sep-43)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The New Jersey Shipbuilding (Barber NJ) production list records LCI(L) hull 465 for the U.S. Navy, delivered September 1943, disposition 'Struck 1946' - consistent with NavSource's construction dates (laid down 6 Aug 1943, launched 11 Sep 1943, commissioned 21 Sep 1943) and 1946 striking. The list shows the hull's sisters built sequentially at the same purpose-built wartime yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding yard workforce, Barber NJ, 1943
- Limitations
- Secondary shipbuilding-list reference (Colton's shipbuildinghistory data); corroborates builder, delivery window, and striking year but gives no finer detail. Does not establish asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-05
-
[7]Library of Congress, Historic American Engineering Record HAER AK-52, M/V Husky II (USS LCI(L) 653) - LCI(L) class written history; and HAER OR-180, LCI(L)-713 (Amphibious Forces Memorial Museum) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 written history, 'LCIs in World War II' section and builder line (p.9 of 23: New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber, Perth Amboy); HAER OR-180 data pages (or0606data.pdf) for 351-class design detail
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- HAER documents the LCI(L) class design: 'an ocean-going infantry carrier designed for direct unloading on the beach,' designed by the Bureau of Ships during May 1942, with over 900 built by ten yards across the United States - including 'the purpose-built yard of New Jersey Shipbuilding at Barber, Perth Amboy, New Jersey' (the yard that built this hull). All-diesel propulsion (eight GM 6-71 diesels, four per shaft; welded quarter-inch steel plate) means no boilers or steam system aboard: the asbestos-relevant applications for a craft of this type and era are engine exhaust and muffler lagging, machinery-space thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, deck covering, and brake linings.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Construction trades (Barber NJ, 1943); wartime crew in confined engine-room and accommodation spaces
- Limitations
- Class/design inference only - HAER AK-52 documents a sister craft (LCI(L) 653, built at the same Barber yard) and the LCI(L) design generally; it does not name hull 465. Full-text review of both HAER reports (AK-52 and OR-180) finds ZERO asbestos or hazardous-material mentions - the 'asbestos applications' list is era inference, not report content. No ship-specific material list exists for this hull; does not establish quantity, products installed, or present-day presence (hull sunk 1951).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's construction (1943), wartime service (1943-46), and disposal (1947).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull or this craft type (HRD-80-2 concerns larger Navy vessels and shipyards; small diesel landing craft carried far less insulation than steam-plant vessels). Full text not retrieved - gao.gov blocks automated fetch (HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-07
-
[9]Jerry Person, 'Surviving the great storm of '51,' Daily Pilot (Los Angeles Times community edition), 20 January 2005 [reputable_press]
- Locator
- Daily Pilot article, Elsie I paragraphs (capsize, salvage, sinking account)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- A local-history press account corroborates the civilian loss of this hull: the Elsie I - 'a converted World War II infantry landing craft,' a 165-foot fishing barge owned by Ingersoll and Berry - was moored a half-mile off the coast at 23rd Street (Goldenwest), Huntington Beach; during the storm of 29 April 1951 it capsized (barge master Wade Showalter was lost), and under salvage tow by a Long Beach company it 'broke in half and shortly sank into 40 feet of water.'
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1951
- Population
- Civilian barge crew (Wade Showalter, barge master - fatality); salvage workforce
- Limitations
- Retrospective community journalism (2005), not a contemporaneous casualty report; the article does not name the hull's Navy number - the Elsie I = ex-LCI(G)-465 identification rests on NavSource's 'registered as the barge Elsie I' disposition line plus the consistent date, location, and craft description. The '165-foot' length and 'Ingersoll and Berry' ownership are press detail not independently verified. No asbestos or hazmat content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-08
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[10]Batch-5183 search ledger (this record): NavSource hull page; NARA Special List 44 PDF; NHHC U.S. Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945; uboat.net ship record; ShipbuildingHistory/Colton yard list; NHHC DANFS index; CourtListener API v4 opinion and RECAP docket searches; NARA digitized deck-logs index; NVR; HAER AK-52/OR-180 full text; GAO product page; NavalCoverMuseum; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed asbestos case naming LCI-465 / LCI(L)-465 / LCI(G)-465 was found in the sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion searches '"LCI(L)-465"', '"LCI-465"', and '"LCI(G)-465"' each returned zero, and the combined RECAP docket search returned zero - a completed negative search, not a throttle gap. A class-level opinion sweep ('"LCI(G)" OR "LCI(L)" asbestos') returned only generic asbestos dockets, none naming this craft type or hull. No individual DANFS entry exists for this numbered landing craft. No yard-level adjudicated asbestos record for New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ, was located in authoritative sources (only banned marketing listicles mention the yard).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - as a 1943 combat-built landing craft the hull sits inside the documented Navy asbestos era. The NARA deck logs (1943-45) are undigitized and unexamined; shipyard construction records and the LCI(G) conversion's work scope are open leads. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-465-lcil465-09