Evidence
15 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-15).
-
[1]research packet pj-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-471 | hull: 471 | designation: LCI(L) — Landing Craft Infantry (Large), later LCI(G)-471 (gunboat conversion, early 1944 at San Diego) | type: large landing craft, infantry / gunboat
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-471-lcil471-pkt-pj-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(G)-471 ex USS LCI(L)-471 (page history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource Amphibious Photo Archive page 10/15/150471 (history block, campaign table, specifications, awards)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LCI(L)-351-class Landing Craft Infantry (Large): laid down 20 August 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Co., Barber, N.J.; launched 23 September 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-471 on 30 September 1943, LTjg Robert S. Hudgins USNR in command; reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Gunboat) LCI(G)-471 on 15 June 1944. Pacific assignments: LCI Flotilla Three (CDR M. J. Malanaphy / CDR Eikel R. Jr. USNR), LCI Group Eight (LCDR W. V. Nash USNR), LCI Division Fifteen. Campaigns: Marianas operation - capture and occupation of Guam, 14 July-15 August 1944; Iwo Jima operation - assault and occupation, 17-19 February 1945. Decommissioned date unknown; struck from the Naval Register 8 May 1946; final disposition 'fate unknown'. Earned two battle stars, the Presidential Unit Citation (Iwo Jima, 17 February 1945), and retroactive Combat Action Ribbon. Personnel awards listed: Navy Cross to LTjg Robert S. Hudgins (CO at Iwo Jima) and Bronze Star to SM/1c Charles Sutherland.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- LCI(L) crew: 4 officers + 24 enlisted; LCI(G) crew: 5 officers + 65 enlisted; embarked troops up to 188 as LCI(L)
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled secondary record drawn from a Turner Publishing ship-history volume - the standard public timeline for numbered landing craft, not itself a primary document. Does not state asbestos content. 'Fate unknown' leaves scrapping/disposal undocumented. The companion Navy Cross page (150471a.htm) mislabels the ship 'LCI(G) 469' in its header while the citation text itself names LCI(G)-471.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-01
-
[3]NHHC H-Gram 086-2, 'Iwo Jima: The Battle of the LCI Gunboats' (Director's Corner, Naval History and Heritage Command) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- H-086-2 body text (paragraphs on the UDT-support gunboat action, 17 Feb 1945)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official NHHC account of the 17 February 1945 (D-2) action: LCI gunboats under LCDR Willard Nash (embarked on LCI(G)-457) covered four UDT teams' beach reconnaissance off southeastern Iwo Jima; Japanese shore batteries opened heavy fire at ~1100. 'Despite damage and casualties, LCI gunboats 409, 438, 441, and 471 returned to the battle.' All 12 gunboats were damaged; total casualties were 52 crewmen killed and 148 wounded; LCI(G)-474 was abandoned and scuttled by USS Capps (DD-550). All gunboats were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation; Commander Malanaphy, LCDR Nash, and 11 gunboat skippers received the Navy Cross.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-02-17
- Population
- LCI(G) Group Eight crews, 17 Feb 1945 (52 KIA / 148 WIA group-wide per NHHC)
- Limitations
- Ship is named and the Iwo Jima action is confirmed by an official NHHC publication, but the H-gram is a commemorative summary - it does not itemize LCI(G)-471's own hits, casualties, or station. NHHC's figure (12 gunboats, 52 killed/148 wounded) differs slightly from the Group 8 action-report excerpt quoted by the LCI association (10 supporting gunboats, 201 casualties incl. 47 fatalities); see gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-02
-
[4]NHHC, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (online reading room transcription of the official fleet organization list) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Fleet organization list, LCI Group 8 / LCI Division 15 (G) table (amphibious forces section)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization list places 'LCI 471' in LCI GROUP 8 (ComLCIGrp 8, Lt. Cdr. W. V. Nash USNR), LCI DIVISION 15 (G), with commanding officer listed as 'Ens. R. S. Hudgins (USNR)' - corroborating Group 8 / Division 15 assignment and Hudgins's continued command after Iwo Jima.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Limitations
- Confirms organizational assignment and command only. Rank shown ('Ens.') conflicts with the LT(jg) rank in the Navy Cross citation and NavSource commissioning entry - carried as a discrepancy in gaps, not resolved here. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-03
-
[5]NHHC photographic record 80-G-K-16186, USS Castle Rock (AVP-35) in Tanapag Harbor, Saipan, April 1945 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC catalog entry 80-G-K-16186 (image description field)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NHHC catalog description of official Navy photograph 80-G-K-16186: 'USS Castle Rock (AVP-35) In Tanapag Harbor, Saipan, April 1945. Photographed by Ensign Thomas Binford, USNR, from a nearby PBM seaplane. USS LCI(G)-471 is moored beyond Castle Rock's bow.' Documents the ship at Saipan in April 1945 after Iwo Jima repairs.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-04
- Limitations
- Photographic presence record only - establishes location (Tanapag Harbor, Saipan, April 1945), nothing about condition, repair scope, or materials. NavSource captions the same image as '80-N-K-16186' - NHHC catalog number 80-G-K-16186 is the correct identifier. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-04
-
[6]NARA Special List 44, 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947' (by-ship-number finding aid), entry for LCI(L)(G)-471 [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 18, row 'LCI(L)(G)-471 9/30/1943 6/30/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 (ship-number edition) lists deck logs for LCI(L)(G)-471 covering 9/30/1943-6/30/1945 (PDF page 18). These logbooks are held in Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, RG 24, Entry 118 (National Archives Identifier 581208). Searches of the digitized deck-log series in the National Archives Catalog (NAID 594258) under 'LCI(G)-471', 'LCI(L)-471', and 'LCI-471' return no file units for this hull - the logs are not digitized online.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-09-30 to 1945-06-30 (coverage)
- Limitations
- Special List 44 dates are log-coverage dates only - they are NOT commissioning or decommissioning dates and do not establish where the ship was. Log coverage ends 6/30/1945 while the ship remained in service into 1946 - later logs may exist in unlisted entries or may not have been transferred. The logs themselves were not examined; contents (incl. any materials/maintenance entries) are unverified. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-05
-
[7]Library of Congress, Veterans History Project: Donald N. Wingrove Collection (AFC/2001/001/102183), interview 30 May 2015, Iowa Veterans Home [other_primary]
- Locator
- LOC item page, 'Veterans History Project Service Summary' + interview transcript
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LOC Veterans History Project service record and interview transcript: Wingrove served aboard USS LCI(G)-471, 1944-1946 (locations incl. Great Lakes, Seal Beach, Hawaii, Guam, Saipan, Japan; rank Seaman). He describes joining as a replacement at Pearl Harbor aboard 'the L.C.I. that had been in Iwo Jima' with '11 guys killed on that raid,' presents a list of 11 crewmen buried at sea off Iwo Jima, recalls the Presidential Unit Citation being presented to the crew underway toward Japan, and describes taking everything off the ship in San Francisco 'because they were going to decommission it.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (interview 2015)
- Population
- LCI(G)-471 crew, 1944-1946
- Limitations
- Veteran oral history recorded ~70 years after the events - firsthand but recollection-grade detail; not an official casualty or decommissioning record. The 11-KIA figure is consistent with the LCI association's name-by-name roster (see ev-uss-lci-l-471-08). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-06
-
[8]USS LCI National Association, 'LCI(G) 474 at Iwo Jima' - quoting the LCI(G) Group 8 Action Report and the November 1945 All Hands awards summary [museum_official]
- Locator
- usslci.org article body: group composition list, action-report timestamped excerpts, awards paragraphs
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The article reproduces excerpts of the LCI(G) Group 8 action report for 17 February 1945: Group 8 comprised LCI(G)s 346, 348, 438, 441, 449, 450, 457 (group flag), 466, 469, 471, 473, and 474, with LC(FF)-627 carrying Flotilla Three commander CDR M. J. Malanaphy. At 08:00 the reserve boats (346, 348, 466, 469, 471) were detached; at '11:04 - LCI(G) 471 ordered to relieve LCI(G) 438, which had serious underwater damage and flooding.' The article's All Hands-based awards summary records Navy Crosses to 10 Group 8 skippers and 'the Navy Cross was awarded to Lt.(jg) ... Hudgins, CO, LCI(G) 471 at a later date,' plus Bronze Star to Ensign Lawrence A. Hermes, Stores Officer, LCI(G)-471.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-02-17
- Population
- LCI(G) Group Eight crews, 17 Feb 1945
- Limitations
- Veterans'-association publication quoting a primary document (the Group 8 action report, untranscribed publicly at NARA/NHHC in this session). Two source-internal discrepancies: this article renders the 471 skipper's name as 'Stanley R. Hudgins' while the official Navy Cross citation text, NavSource, and the 1 May 1945 fleet list give Robert S./R. S. Hudgins - 'Robert S. Hudgins' is carried and the variant is noted in gaps. The article's casualty total (10 supporting gunboats, 201 casualties, 47 fatalities) differs from NHHC's 52 KIA/148 WIA across 12 gunboats - scope difference, noted. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-07
-
[9]USS LCI National Association, 'In Memorial' roster (Elsie Item memorial compilation PDF) [museum_official]
- Locator
- In-Memorial.pdf, LCI(G) 471 column
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The association's memorial roster lists LCI(G) 471, 'Japanese Home Waters, Iwo Jima 2/17/1945,' with eleven named KIA: Jessie L. Adamson, James F. Bernethy, Richard Cano, Louis P. Hagan, Billie J. Harris, Troy L. Morehouse, William P. Morrissey, Donald Nygard, Richard H. Pond, Jerry A. Terracciano, James W. White. Eleven names matches the '11 guys killed' / '11 buried at sea' figures in the Wingrove interview (ev-uss-lci-l-471-06).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-02-17
- Population
- LCI(G)-471 crew, 17 Feb 1945 (11 KIA per roster)
- Limitations
- Association-compiled memorial roster - names and ship attribution are consistent with NHHC's account of the action and with crew oral history, but this is not the official casualty list (Bureau of Naval Personnel casualty reports would be the primary source). 'Hagan' here vs 'Hagen' in the Elsie Item narrative article - spelling variant noted. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-08
-
[10]'Fateful Day for LCI(G) 471,' Jeff Veesenmeyer, Elsie Item (USS LCI National Association / Amphibious Forces Memorial Museum newsletter), December 2018 - built on National Museum of the Pacific War oral histories for Ens. Larry Hermes and helmsman Robert Dotson [museum_official]
- Locator
- 2018DecElsieDeckLog.pdf, pages 14-17 ('Fateful Day for LCI(G) 471')
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Oral-history-based narrative of LCI(G)-471 at Iwo Jima: the 471 was a reserve boat; when flagship LCI(G)-438 was severely damaged 'the flag was moved to LCI(G) 471.' She was hit by a large (~157mm) shell on the portside, a mortar round on the well deck beside the rocket launchers, and a third shell in the portside bow gun tub that detonated stored ammunition; wounded were transferred to USS Tennessee, two crewmembers died of wounds aboard Tennessee, and Ens. Hermes conducted burials at sea. 'LCI(G) 471 was sent back to Pearl Harbor for repairs.' Officer complement named: CO LT(jg) Robert S. Hudgins, XO Kingdon Balzer, engineering officer Charles Crandall, ensigns L. M. Hermes Jr., Louis P. Hagen, David H. Hardy. Dotson's account also places the ship at the Marianas (Guam) campaign.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- LCI(G)-471 crew, Feb 1945; repair crews at Pearl Harbor (post-Feb 1945)
- Limitations
- Secondary narrative built on two crew oral histories (National Museum of the Pacific War) plus association deck-log material - recollection-grade. Casualty sequencing (11 KIA vs two dying aboard Tennessee) is not reconciled against the official casualty report. Engineering officer's obituary note (Elsie Item, Mar 2017) adds 'Kwajalein' to the ship's service list - NavSource's campaign table does not include Kwajalein; carried in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-09
-
[11]Oral History Interview with Robert Dotson, 18 February 2005 (National Museum of the Pacific War collection, via UNT Portal to Texas History) [other_primary]
- Locator
- UNT Portal metadata/abstract (full interview blocked by Altcha challenge, 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Crew oral history for LCI-471. Search-indexed summary states: 'During the campaign for Guam, USS LCI-471 served as a Japanese prisoner-of-war clearing station. About 100 Japanese POWs came on and off USS LCI-471.' The interview is the same NMPW collection drawn on by the Elsie Item narrative (ev-uss-lci-l-471-09).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944 (interview 2005)
- Population
- LCI-471 crew, Guam operation
- Limitations
- PARTIAL: the record page is behind an Altcha anti-bot challenge this session - content verified at snippet/abstract level only, not full transcript. POW-clearing-station duty at Guam is consistent with the ship's documented Guam service (14 Jul-15 Aug 1944). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-10
-
[12]Naval Marine Archive, 'New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ' yard table (reproduction of T. Colton shipbuilding-history data) [other_primary]
- Locator
- newjersey.html yard table, LCI(L) 471 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The yard's construction table lists LCI(L) 471, US Navy landing craft, delivered September 1943, disposition 'Struck 1946' - corroborating builder, delivery month, and striking year. uboat.net's allied-warship entry adds contract order date 22 March 1943 (secondary cross-check, not independently cited).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades, 1943
- Limitations
- Secondary compiled table (Colton shipbuilding data) - consistent with NavSource but not a primary disposition document; 'Struck 1946' says nothing about subsequent sale/scrapping, which remains 'fate unknown.' No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-11
-
[13]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI(L)-351-class specifications (two sets of four GM diesel engines, four per shaft, 1,600 BHP; twin variable-pitch propellers - diesel-only plant, no boilers); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (see ev-uss-lci-l-471-13); LST-1-class amphibious-ship profile pattern for diesel-powered WWII amphibious craft [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; class-f lst-1-class.class.json (pattern only)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled diesel-powered landing craft built August-September 1943 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a small diesel amphibious craft of this period were diesel exhaust lagging and gaskets, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, valve packing, deck coverings/tile, accommodation insulation, and brake linings on winches. The craft carried no boilers or steam plant, so the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway dominant in steam combatants does not apply; the exposure-relevant volume is the compact engine room and accommodation spaces.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); LCI(L)/LCI(G) crew (1943-46); Pearl Harbor repair trades (1945); unknown disposal workers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or maintenance record located for LCI(L)-471/LCI(G)-471. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution. The extensive post-Iwo Jima repair work (Pearl Harbor, per crew accounts) is undigitized and its materials scope is unknown.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-12
-
[14]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979; publicly released Oct 22, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed Navy efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, covering use of asbestos in Navy ships, removal costs, and compensation programs; product page documents that the Navy's 1975 policy replaced only damaged insulation, modified in 1979 to selectively replace asbestos insulation in high-maintenance areas. Establishes that asbestos insulation was present aboard Navy ships of this era as standard practice.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (report); WWII-1970s (policy window)
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (program scope)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull - a 158-foot landing craft is far outside the capital-ship repair programs GAO reviewed. Full-text PDF fetch via curl returns HTTP 403 (confirmed 2026-09-30); product-page highlights text retrieved via firecrawl.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-13
-
[15]Batch-5190 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NHHC H-gram/fleet-organization/photo records; NARA Special List 44 + catalog deck-log series; LOC Veterans History Project; USS LCI National Association publications; UNT/NMPW oral history (blocked); Naval Marine Archive yard table; CourtListener API v4; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-471-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-471-15 (incl. 12b)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or government materials documentation naming LCI(L)-471/LCI(G)-471 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned zero hits for the hull designations in both the opinion index (type=o) and the docket index (type=r); a looser docket variant ('LCI 471' + asbestos) remained pacing-blocked at session end - logged honestly in search_ledger. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying litigation naming this hull; the only 'asbestos aboard' material is law-firm marketing content (mesothelioma.com lists 'New Jersey Shipbuilding' among New Jersey asbestos sites; similar listicle material asserts asbestos aboard LCI-class craft without primary sourcing) - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - deck logs exist in RG 24 (SL44 entry) but are undigitized and unexamined, and construction/repair work packages for a 1943 diesel landing craft would be the decisive primary sources. Litigation coverage is good but not exhaustive: the unhyphenated 'LCI 471' docket variant was not run to completion (fleet pacing limiter) and free-text hits without the hull number are unsearched. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-471-14