Evidence
15 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-15).
-
[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-481 - construction/milestone timeline, unit assignments, specifications, disposal, commanding-officer list, photo-caption series; page history credited to 'USS LCI Landing Craft Infantry, Vol. II' (Turner Publishing, 1995); verified live via Firecrawl 2026-09-30 (intake's 'NavSource retrieval failed' not reproduced this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150481.htm header block, specifications block, CO table, and photo-caption series
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 6 September 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber, N.J.; launched 9 October 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-481, 18 October 1943, LTjg. Phil M. Cosper USNR in command. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCI Flotilla Five (CDR H. V. Milton), LCI Group Fourteen (LT H. M. Mattson USN), LCI Division Twenty-Seven; under operational control of Atoll Commander Majuro, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands. Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register 12 March 1946; sold 2 January 1947; fate unknown. Ribbons: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal (no battle stars listed). Specifications: displacement 236 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; length 158' 5.5"; beam 23' 3"; speed 16 kts max; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; armament five single 20mm guns. Photo captions document: crew at Kwajalein Atoll circa May 1944-September 1945; rescue of Marshall Islanders at Mille Atoll probably 15 June 1945 and at 'Juliet' (Jaluit) Atoll probably 5 May 1945 - the latter captioned as a US Navy photo published in the September 1945 National Geographic; named crew members incl. MoMM1/c Al Pipes, Al Riley, and Steward's Mate Walter Walker; Group Fourteen logo on conning tower.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); LCI(L) crew 4+24 (1943-46); embarked troops and evacuated Marshallese/Korean/Japanese personnel
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry; its page attributes the history text to the Turner Publishing LCI volume. Milestone dates unverified against DANFS (no DANFS entry exists for this numbered craft - see search_ledger) or NVR. 'Juliet' is the wartime code name for Jaluit Atoll used in this hull's own documents. The National Geographic attribution is the contributor's caption, not independently verified. No asbestos or material content. Decommissioning date unknown.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-01
-
[2]NARA Special List 44, 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947' (Bradley, Kurtz, et al., comp., 1978) - 'Ships With Symbol and Number Designations,' printed page 341; scanned page image via Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center mirror (narasl44/367.jpg); verified by direct image read 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- SL44 printed p. 341 (ACPL scan narasl44/367.jpg), 'LCI(L)-481' row between LCI(L)-480 and LCI(L)(R)-482
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- SL44 inventories Navy deck logs for this hull as 'LCI(L)-481 | Oct. 18, 1943-June 30, 1945 | 4' - i.e., four logbooks covering 18 October 1943 through 30 June 1945 in NARA custody. The inventory documents that the logs exist and their coverage; the underlying RG 24 logbooks are held at the National Archives.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-10-18 to 1945-06-30 (coverage); compiled 1978
- Population
- crew and officers generating the 1943-45 logbooks; NARA College Park holds the physical volumes
- Limitations
- The dates are logbook-coverage dates, not asserted commissioning or decommissioning dates: the span opens on the documented commissioning date (18 Oct 1943) but closes 30 June 1945 while the ship's own history documents operations into November 1945 - SL44 records only what NARA held at compilation, so post-June-1945 logs are simply outside this inventory. The inventory lists the logs' existence; it does not include their contents. Volume count (4) is a logbook count, not a completeness guarantee. Matches the batch-intake citation ('PDF page 24' corresponds to this printed page in the numbered-vessels section).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-02
-
[3]Atoll Commander, Majuro (U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas), SECRET Operation Plan 'Atoll Commander, Majuro 4-45,' serial 00145, 30 April 1945 - task organization naming LCI-481; contributed to NavSource by Sue Cosper (CO's daughter); PDF hosted on NavSource, verified live 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource-hosted PDF 150481b.pdf, task organization section, Evacuation Unit #5
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The operation plan's task organization names this hull: '(e) Evacuation Unit #5. LCI-481 (with 2 LCR); Lt.(jg) P.M. Cosper, USNR. Military Government Officer; Lt. B.B. Bales, USNR. Native Scout Party #5 (1 canoe)... 5 man native boat party; 5 man enlisted guard; Guides and Interpreters (NAB Majuro), as designated.' Sister units: Evacuation Unit #1 LCI-482 (Lt.(jg) E.S. Rubin USNR), #2 LCI-394 (Lt. P.A. Wasemansdorf USNR), #3 LCI-392 (Lt. A.S. Field USNR), #4 LCI-479 (Lt. G.(n) Wilkinson USNR) - the five-LCI native-evacuation force for the bypassed Japanese-held atolls of the Marshalls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-04-30 (plan); operations May-June 1945
- Population
- crew of LCI(L)-481 plus embarked Military Government officer, native scouts, guards, interpreters (spring 1945)
- Limitations
- Primary operational document naming the hull and her commanding officer; the scan is a wartime reproduced copy hosted on NavSource (contributed by the CO's family) - provenance is the family collection, not a repository pull. No asbestos content. The plan assigns the unit structure; execution is documented by the ship's own reports (ev-04) and history (ev-05).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-03
-
[4]Atoll Commander, Majuro, letter 'Commendation' to Lt.(jg) P.M. Cosper, USNR, Commanding Officer, L.C.I. 481 - signed H. B. Grow, Captain, USNR, Atoll Commander, Majuro; contributed to NavSource by Sue Cosper; verified live 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource-hosted PDF 150481d.pdf, single-page letter
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Atoll Commander's commendation to this hull's CO states: 'During the past three months your vessel participated in various missions involving the evacuation of natives from Maloelap and Mille Atolls, Air-Sea Rescue missions and other tasks extraneous to your normal duties as service vessels of this command in connection with the administration of Military Government. Not only have these extra tasks involved long hours of operation without rest but in many cases extremely hazardous maneuvers close to dangerous reefs on enemy held bases.' The letter commends 'you and your crew' for 'cooperative spirit, professional skill and indifference to fatigue and danger' and was to be inserted in the service records of all personnel in Cosper's command.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945 (three-month window referenced)
- Population
- crew of LCI(L)-481 (all personnel - letter copied into service records)
- Limitations
- Letterhead and date are cut off in the source scan - the letter is undated as scanned (content references 'the past three months,' consistent with mid-1945). Primary correspondence naming the hull and CO; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-04
-
[5]USS LCI(L)-481 commanding officer's mission reports to Atoll Commander, Majuro: (c) report of 22 April 1945, Military Government mission to Arno Atoll 19-21 April per AtCom Majuro Secret Orders A17/L10 serial 00127; (e) report serial 056 of 24 June 1945, psychological-warfare trips to Mille and 'Juliet' (Jaluit) 21-24 June - signed P.M. Cosper; contributed to NavSource by Sue Cosper; verified live 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource-hosted PDFs 150481c.pdf and 150481e.pdf, report bodies
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Two of the hull's own action reports. 22 April 1945 report (serial 010, SECRET, signed P.M. Cosper): per AtCom Majuro Secret Orders file A17/L10 serial 00127 of 19 April, 'the USS LCI(L) 481 departed at 1405 on 19 April, proceeded with Military Government Officer, Lt. W.G. Nagle, SC, USNR and party to Arno Atoll'; seaward side of Eni Island 1515; around the west side of the atoll to DoDo Passage, arriving Arno Island 0530 20 April; departed for DoDo 1225 (arrived 1330); departed DoDo for Eni Island 0625 21 April (arrived 0730); departed Arno Atoll 1230; arrived Majuro 1735. 24 June 1945 report (serial 056): reef patrol off Garu/Madagai islands, Mille Atoll, for a scheduled rendezvous with a Korean and his party; Japanese observed at the south end of Garu and north end of the adjacent islet - 'it is believed that the Korean and his party had been intercepted by the Japanese'; patrolled the north reef of Mille 22 June, picking up one Korean; refueled at Majuro; underway for Jaluit ~0127 23 June; picked up natives off the islands; further patrolling negative; returned Majuro 1240 24 June. (Faint typed scans - some islet spellings uncertain as rendered.)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-04-19 to 1945-06-24
- Population
- crew of LCI(L)-481; embarked Military Government officer and native scouts
- Limitations
- The hull's own signed reports - primary ship records hosted on NavSource via the CO's family collection. Scan legibility is imperfect; several islet names are uncertain as rendered (noted where read). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-05
-
[6]'U.S.S. LCI(L) 481 History' - five-page typed narrative of the hull's wartime career, contributed to NavSource by Sue Cosper (CO's daughter); image-only scan read page-by-page 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource-hosted PDF 150481f.pdf, five pages (typed history)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Ship's narrative history: commissioned at New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber, N.J., at 1220 on 18 October 1943; outfitting at Pier 42, New York; shakedown at Little Creek, VA; Key West 12 December 1943; transited the Panama Canal 24-25 December 1943; arrived San Diego 9 January 1944; trained at San Clemente Island; departed San Diego 4 April 1944 for Pearl Harbor (34 passengers), arriving after ten days; sailed for Kwajalein 16 May, arriving 25 May 1944 - 'from these islands the ship did not move until its return to the United States.' Ran the Roi-Kwajalein mail run 21 June-1 October 1944; carried cargo (21 pigs, ducks/chickens, 10 natives, two outriggers) to Ailinglaplap 8 October; began Majuro-based reconnaissance, native-evacuation, and psychological-warfare operations against the Japanese-held atolls from 30 October. 5 December 1944: struck a coral head, tearing a hole ~1 ft by 6 inches in the bottom - engine room flooded, water arriving faster than seven handy-billy pumps could discharge; temporary patch applied 10 December and LCI-479 towed her back to Majuro for drydocking that night. First Japanese prisoner taken at Aur Atoll 3 January 1945 (three more 4 January); armed reconnaissance ashore at Bigen Island, Aur, 6 February. Operations documented at Mille, Erikub, Arno, and Jaluit through spring-summer 1945. 5 May 1945 Jaluit evacuation: operating with LCI(L)s 479, 482, 392, and 394, the ship embarked 142 natives under fire; the Civil Affairs officer (Lt. Bales) and one crew member were hit by machine-gun/rifle fire - Lt. Bales died at 1147 while a PBM evacuation was being arranged. 15 June: ~130 Marshallese and Japanese surrendered off Mille; 28 August: carried the Navy landing party to Mille Atoll where 'Old Glory raised over Mille - the first unconditional surrender of any Japanese territory had been completed' (the document's own characterization). 2-3 September Jaluit surrender/occupation; 9-10 September Maloelap landing party (beached; did not enter the mined inner harbor). Repatriation lifts: 25-26 September, 86 sick/wounded Japanese from Jaluit transferred to Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru at Mille, then evacuation of all of Mille Atoll with LCI(L)s 1052 and 850 - 2,400 Japanese; 21-27 October Jaluit - 900 Japanese to Japanese cruiser Kashima and 900 to carrier Hōshō; at Wotje the 481 evacuated 660 Japanese as Hōshō arrived 30 October. Tally claimed: 'Over it's decks have passed 4600 Japanese, 120 Koreans, and 2200 Marshallese.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-10-18 to 1945-11 (narrative span)
- Population
- crew of LCI(L)-481 (1943-45); embarked Military Government officers, native scouts, POWs and evacuated natives; LTjg Phil M. Cosper USNR (CO); Lt. B.B. Bales USNR (Civil Affairs officer, KIA 5 May 1945)
- Limitations
- Crew-produced ship history (a wartime narrative authored aboard or by the crew, contributed by the CO's family) - a primary-source document of unusual completeness for a numbered craft, but not an official report; individual island names are partially illegible in the scan and some dates are approximate as written. The 'first unconditional surrender' claim is the document's own characterization - the formal Mille surrender is separately dated 22 August 1945 in published accounts. No asbestos content; the December 1944 coral-head grounding, flooding, and drydocking are documented hull damage/repair events.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-06
-
[7]U.S. Naval Air Base Majuro press release (dispatch #318), 21 March 1945 - 'Sixty-seven emaciated, half-starved Koreans are safe at this U.S. Naval Air Base today' after the 17 March 1945 Korean uprising against Japanese forces on Chiribun Island, Mille Atoll; contributed to NavSource by Sue Cosper as part of the hull's document set; verified live 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource-hosted PDF 150481a.pdf, five-page press release
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official press release documents the operational context in which this hull served: the uprising of Korean conscript laborers on Japanese-held Mille Atoll (17 March 1945), the deaths of ~25 insurgents and ~100 suicides, and the rescue of the 67 survivors 'by U.S. Navy vessels' dispatched to the scene after an American pilot observed their plight - with the evacuees' account of Japanese starvation conditions on bypassed Mille ('subsisting on grass, leaves and lizards'). The hull's commendation letter documents her participation in 'evacuation of natives from Maloelap and Mille Atolls' in this period, and her CO's June 1945 report documents the continuing attempt to recover a Korean party off Mille.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-03-17 to 1945-03-21
- Population
- 67 rescued Korean laborers; crews of the participating Navy vessels; besieged Japanese garrison, Mille Atoll
- Limitations
- The press release does not name LCI(L)-481 or any vessel - it documents the operation, not this hull's role in it; her participation is established by the hull's own documents (ev-04, ev-05). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-07
-
[8]NARA catalog records located via Digital Public Library of America mirror (provider: National Archives at College Park - Textual Reference): NAID 120191690 'LCI(L) 481 - Muster Rolls' (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel); nine war-diary installments under 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' / Records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations: NAIDs 78368558 (10/18-11/30/43), 78357277 (12/1/43-3/31/44), 78426384 (4/1-5/15/44), 78551021 (5/16-7/25/44), 78596966 (7/25-8/31/44), 134367687 (9/1-30/44), 78681127 (10/1-31/44), 78705882 (11/1-30/44), 139891447 (12/1/44-2/28/45) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DPLA phrase search '"LCI(L) 481"' (10 results, all NARA College Park); catalog.archives.gov/id/120191690, /134367687, /78681127, /78705882, /139891447, /78596966, /78426384, /78357277, /78368558, /78551021
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Ten ship-specific primary records exist in the NARA catalog for this hull: a continuous war-diary run from commissioning (18 October 1943) through February 1945 plus the muster-roll series. These are the primary-source leads for hull-level documentation of the Majuro-based evacuation/psychological-warfare operations, the December 1944 grounding and drydock repair, and the 5 May 1945 Jaluit action (post-February diaries not cataloged in this result set).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-10-18 to 1945-02-28 (cataloged installments)
- Population
- crew of LCI(L)-481 (muster rolls); ship's officers (war diaries)
- Limitations
- Records located via DPLA's mirror of NARA catalog metadata; catalog.archives.gov is JS-rendered and was not independently fetched, so digitization status and contents are unverified. Presence of war diaries does not indicate asbestos content; no asbestos term appears in the located metadata. The run covers Oct 1943-Feb 1945 - the March-November 1945 operations documented in the ship's history may have later installments not surfaced by this search.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-08
-
[9]Shipbuildinghistory.com (Tim Colton), New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ yard table - row 'LCI(L) | 481 | US Navy | Landing Craft | Oct-43 | Struck 1946'; verified live via Firecrawl 2026-09-30 (navalmarinearchive.com mirror concurs) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencysmall/newjersey.htm, LCI(L) table row 481
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent build-list confirmation for this hull: LCI(L)-481, US Navy landing craft, delivered October 1943 by New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ; struck 1946. The yard page documents New Jersey Shipbuilding as an LCI assembly line on Arthur Kill at Barber (a Barber Asphalt Corp. site; Todd Shipyards took over management in 1942 at the Navy's request; the yard closed after the war).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943)
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - Colton's yard tables are the standard hobbyist-authority build record but are not an official registry; month-level delivery vs the documented 18 October commissioning is consistent. 'Struck 1946' consistent with NavSource's exact 12 March 1946. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-09
-
[10]HAER AK-52, M/V Husky II (ex-USS LCI(L)-653), Library of Congress Historic American Engineering Record (data pages) - documents builder New Jersey Shipbuilding Corporation, Barber NJ; verified live 2026-09-30 [haer]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 data pages, pp. 2-8 (builder history and LCI(L) historical context)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The HAER documentation for a surviving New Jersey Shipbuilding LCI(L) (sister-yard hull LCI(L)-653) records that New Jersey Shipbuilding Corporation 'was incorporated in 1942 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Barber Asphalt Corporation,' converting the idled Perth Amboy asphalt plant on Arthur Kill into an assembly-line LCI yard that 'demolished the asphalt plant' and within about six months built the shipyard and delivered the first landing craft; it employed about 2,500 workers, was 'delivering ten hulls per month by February 1943,' produced 375 LCI(L)s during the war, and was eventually managed by Todd Shipyards Corporation. The LCI(L) is quoted in the Navy's description as 'an ocean-going infantry carrier designed for direct unloading on the beach.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (yard documentation); report 2012
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding workforce ~2,500 (1942-45)
- Limitations
- Yard- and type-level documentation, not a hull record - LCI(L)-481 is not named (the report subject is sister-yard hull LCI(L)-653). Contains no asbestos or material-specification content for this hull; the one insulation mention concerns a post-war refrigerated-hold conversion on 653. Does not establish materials aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-10
-
[11]USS Landing Craft Infantry National Association materials: LCI Historical photo page (entries 'Phil Cosper, 481 Skipper', 'LCI 481 Evacuating Marshal Island Natives'); Elsie Deck Log newsletter No. 113 (June 2021) - 'LCI(L) 481' entries in the oldest-veterans roll (A. Pipes, MoMM1/c, age 97) and In Memoriam (Wallace 'Fred' Martindale); verified live 2026-09-30 [other_primary]
- Locator
- amphibiousforces.org LCIHistorical.html image list; Elsie Deck Log No. 113 (June 2021), veterans roll and In Memoriam; donations memorial list (Cosper, Pipes)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Veterans-association records corroborate named crew of this hull: MoMM1/c Albert Pipes (also in the NavSource photo captions) appears in the association's June 2021 oldest-living-crewman roll at age 97, and Wallace 'Fred' Martindale appears on the association's In Memoriam list under LCI 481. The association photo archive carries Cosper-family photographs including 'LCI 481 Evacuating Marshal Island Natives.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-46 (service); 2021-24 (association records)
- Population
- LCI(L)-481 crew members (Pipes, Martindale, Cosper)
- Limitations
- Association membership/memorial records - corroborate crew membership and CO identity; not official muster rolls (the NARA muster-roll series NAID 120191690 is the primary record). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-11
-
[12]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire 1943 construction and 1943-46 service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (report); era covered includes 1943-46
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and ship crews of the asbestos era
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description, same standing limitation as batches 01/98.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-12
-
[13]Rushworth, Denis H., 'The Navy and Asbestos Thermal Insulation,' Naval Engineers Journal 117(2), 2005, pp. 35-48, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2005.tb00336.x; verified live 2026-09-30 (direct curl 403, full page via Firecrawl) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- NEJ 117(2) 2005 article record + abstract, ingentaconnect art00012
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed Naval Engineers Journal article (American Society of Naval Engineers) documents that asbestos 'was once used in U.S. Navy shipboard pipe and machinery thermal insulation and in many other shipboard products,' that crew aboard 'Navy ships built during and following WWII' were among those exposed, and that 'the most likely source of their Navy shipboard exposures was thermal insulation' because the materials were 'dry, friable, and easily accessible.' Covers this hull's construction and service era at the practice level.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2005 (article); WWII-era practice documented
- Population
- WWII-and-later Navy ship crews; shipyard insulation workers
- Limitations
- Era/practice-level documentation - names no hull and no product list for this vessel; establishes the Navy-era practice, not installed materials aboard LCI(L)-481. Abstract-level read; article body not retrieved. No quantity, product, or individual exposure data.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-13
-
[14]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications block (diesel propulsion: two sets of four GM 6051-series-71 diesels, 4 per shaft; single GM main reduction gears; twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; two diesel-driven 30 kW 120 V DC ship's-service generators); HAER AK-52 yard documentation (ev-10); GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-12); Rushworth NEJ 2005 (ev-13) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 150481.htm specifications block; HAER AK-52; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; NEJ 117(2) 2005
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A geared-diesel landing craft built September-October 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber, sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard asbestos applications aboard a diesel amphibious craft of this type and period were engine and exhaust thermal insulation/lagging, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; exposure-relevant confined spaces were her engine room and machinery spaces (the engine room is specifically documented flooding in the 5 December 1944 grounding and repair).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); crew (1943-46), esp. engine-room personnel; drydock repair crews at Majuro (Dec 1944); purchasers/scrappers post-1947
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-481; the December 1944 grounding/drydock repair is documented but its material scope is not. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-14
-
[15]Batch-5201 search ledger (this record): NavSource main page + six hosted primary PDFs; NARA SL44 printed p.341 via ACPL scan; NARA catalog war-diary/muster-roll NAIDs via DPLA; shipbuildinghistory.com + HAER AK-52; usslci/amphibiousforces association records; GAO HRD-80-2; NEJ 117(2); CourtListener API v4 (opinion search run, spaced-variant and docket queries paced); secondary web litigation sweep; batch intake cross-check (no PRIMARY match at any tier under LCI/LSI spellings, same-number conversions, or documented renumberings) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-481-01 through -15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-481 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener searches returned zero results at both opinion and docket level: opinions for the hyphenated spellings ('LCI(L)-481' OR 'LCI-481') and the spaced variants ('LCI 481' OR 'LCI(L) 481' OR 'USS LCI-481'), and dockets for 'LCI(L)-481' OR 'LCI-481' OR 'LCI 481' - all count=0, 2026-09-30. Batch intake records 'No PRIMARY match at any tier' under the checked spellings/conversions - the intake's 'NavSource retrieval failed' did not reproduce (page verified live this session) and is not treated as evidence either way. The only asbestos-adjacent web material is generic landing-craft marketing content asserting WWII-era craft contained asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy; none names this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. CourtListener coverage is opinion + RECAP docket indexes only - filings, unindexed dockets, and settled/state-court matters are not covered. NARA deck logs (SL44: 4 logbooks, 1943-10-18 to 1945-06-30), the nine war-diary installments, and muster rolls are unexamined primary leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-481-15
