Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LC(FF)-484 ex USS LCI(L)-484 (history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995); corroborating yard table, Naval Marine Archive, New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150484.htm header block, service narrative, and specifications block; NMA table https://navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/shipyards/emergencysmall/newjersey.html row 'LCI(L) | 484 | US Navy | Landing Craft | Oct-43 | To US Maritime Commission 1947'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 1943 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber, N.J.; launched 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-484 21 October 1943, LTjg. J. C. Larson in command (noted as of May 1945); redesignated Landing Craft (Flotilla Flagship) LC(FF)-484, 31 December 1944; assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater - LCS(L)(3) Flotilla Three (CAPT. T. C. Aylward), LCS(L)(3) Group Eight (LCDR. E. C. Thomas), LC(FF) Flotilla Twenty-Three (CDR. Dennis L. Francis), LC(FF) Group Sixty-Seven, LC(FF) Division One Hundred Thirty-Four; Okinawa Gunto operation 6 May-30 June 1945; occupation duty 19 September-10 December 1945; decommissioned date unknown; struck from the Naval Register 1946; one battle star; transferred to the Maritime Commission 4 February 1947; final disposition 'fate unknown.' Spec block: 246 t light/264 landing/419 loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; five 20mm guns; eight GM diesels, four per shaft, 1,600 BHP, twin variable-pitch propellers; 130 t diesel fuel; 2-inch plastic splinter protection armor; call sign NQRY. Builder corroboration: the Naval Marine Archive yard table lists 'LCI(L) 484 - US Navy - Landing Craft - Oct-43 - To US Maritime Commission 1947' and records that Todd Shipyards took over yard management in 1942 at the Navy's request.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1943); ship's crew (1943-46); embarked LC(FF) flotilla staff (1944-46)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation; underlying source is the Turner Publishing LCI volume (secondary). Milestone dates corroborated where possible: commissioning consistent with NARA deck-log coverage start; builder and 1947 Maritime Commission transfer corroborated by the Naval Marine Archive yard table. Contains no asbestos or material content. Laid-down and launched dates stated only as '1943'; decommissioning date not given.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-484-lcil484-01
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[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, 'USS LC(FF)-484 Service as LCS(L) Group 7 Flagship (6 May 1945 to 3 February 1946)' itinerary subpage [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150484a.htm, dated itinerary entries
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented flagship itinerary for this hull as LCS(L) Group Seven flagship, 6 May 1945 - 3 February 1946: from 6 May 1945 LCDR Stone assembled the group staff aboard 484 and the ship 'stays off invasion beach of Okinawa in order to coordinate LCS(L)s of the group to man the radar pickets around Okinawa'; departed Okinawa 6 July 1945 with LC(FF)-988 and LCS(L)s 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, and 51; arrived San Pedro Bay, Leyte 10 July; departed 17 September 1945; Buckner Bay 21 September; arrived Wakayama, Japan 25 September for occupation duties with LCS(L)s 31, 34, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57; Nagoya 25 October; departed 13 November for Jinsen-Chosen, Korea (Inchon), arrived 18 November for mine patrolling and other duties; departed 7 December, arrived Tsingtao, China 8 December; departed for the United States 10 December; Buckner Bay 15 December; Saipan 21-27 December; Eniwetok 1-3 January 1946; Pearl Harbor 14-22 January; arrived San Pedro, California 3 February 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-06 - 1946-02-03
- Population
- Ship's crew and embarked LCS(L) Group Seven staff (1945-46)
- Limitations
- Secondary-compiled dated itinerary (consistent with NARA deck-log coverage window, which ends 1945-06-30 - post-June-1945 movements rest on NavSource's compilation only). Documents locations and duties; contains no asbestos or material content. Radar-picket coordination documents operations, not engineering spaces.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-484-lcil484-02
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[3]National Archives and Records Administration, Special List 44 ship-number PDF, p. 15 (LCI(L)(FF) block) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf p. 15, row 'LCI(L)(FF)-484 10/21/1943 6/30/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 (List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947), ship-number listing, records Navy deck logs for hull LCI(L)(FF)-484 covering 10/21/1943 - 6/30/1945. The listing documents that a complete commissioned-service log series for this hull survives in National Archives custody (RG 24 deck logs, National Archives at College Park for post-1941 logs). Log-coverage dates are custody dates, not commissioning/decommissioning dates; the start date coincides with the documented 21 October 1943 commissioning.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-10-21 - 1945-06-30
- Limitations
- The catalog entry is verified live (PDF downloaded and row read 2026-09-30). The logs themselves were not retrieved and are not digitized in the National Archives Catalog 'logs online' listing; contents (including any repair/overhaul, muster, or materials notes) are unexamined. Deck-log existence establishes records custody, not any asbestos fact.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-484-lcil484-03
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[4]Library of Virginia, WWII Separation Notices: Navy, NAVPERS-553 for Robert Howell Blanford (FromThePage transcription, work 1140041_016_125_001) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Separation notice, 'Service Vessels and Stations' field
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A World War II Navy separation notice (NAVPERS-553, Rev. 8-45) held by the Library of Virginia documents an individual crew assignment to this hull: Lt(jg) Robert Howell Blanford, USNR (b. 1922-10-07, Portsmouth, Va.), lists 'USS LCI (L) 484' among his service vessels and stations (with USS LCI(L)-1082 and USS LC(FF)-536); his qualifications included Communications Officer and Gunnery Officer; separated at USNPSC Shelton, Norfolk, Va.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946 (service window implied by document)
- Population
- Lt(jg) Robert H. Blanford, USNR (officer aboard, wartime)
- Limitations
- Primary personnel record confirming a named officer served aboard this hull; transcription is crowd-sourced (FromThePage/LVA Making History) and marked 'Needs Review' - the underlying form is a state-archive-held federal document. It documents presence, not exposure, duties in engineering spaces, or duration aboard; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-484-lcil484-04
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[5]NavSource LCS(L)(3) photo archive pages: 'A Brief History of LCS 55' by Louis V. Plant (050055h.htm) and LCS(L)-31 history page (050031h.htm) [other_primary]
- Locator
- 050055h.htm Plant memoir paragraphs; 050031h.htm 'On May 6...' entry
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Firsthand crew memoirs hosted on NavSource document the flagship conversion timeline and flag transfer for this hull: Louis V. Plant (Staff Signalman, Flotilla 3) writes 'I was to be assigned to LCS Flotilla 3 staff on the Group 7 flagship LC(FF) 484 in October 1944, but did not wind up on the 484 until May 1945, when it finally became ready. Until then I served aboard LCS 55'; the LCS(L)-31 history records 'On May 6 Commander LCS Group Seven, LCDR Frank Stone, who had been serving on LCS 31, moved his flag to the LC(FF) 484.' The account describes LC(FF)-484 as fitted with flag spaces including a radio room and Group Seven pennant.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-10 - 1945-05
- Population
- LCS(L) Group Seven flag staff (LCDR Frank P. Stone, LTjg. Jack D. Hollis, LTjg. Jack Lentz, Ens./LTjg. Francis Zachara, SM Louis V. Plant, and others named in captions); ship's crew
- Limitations
- Veteran memoir hosted on a volunteer archive - firsthand participant testimony, not an official record; corroborates the NavSource flagship-service window and explains the gap between the December 1944 redesignation and May 1945 operational flag service. Contains no asbestos content; the 'became ready' remark implies conversion fitting-out work in early 1945 but gives no yard or work scope.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-484-lcil484-05
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[6]Historic American Engineering Record: M/V Husky II (USS LCI(L)-653), HAER No. AK-52, and LCI(L)-713, HAER No. OR-180 (National Park Service / Library of Congress) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 pp. 8-11 (construction and machinery description; splinter-protection composition); HAER OR-180 pp. 1-3 (class description); https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/or/or0600/or0606/data/or0606data.pdf
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era-standard applications for a diesel landing craft of this class and period: engine-exhaust lagging, machinery thermal and acoustic insulation in the confined engine-room volume, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation. The class is federally documented as all-welded steel (1/4-inch plate) powered by eight General Motors Series 71 (6-71) diesels, four per shaft (HAER OR-180; HAER AK-52) - no steam plant, so the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply. HAER AK-52 also documents the builder context: New Jersey Shipbuilding Corporation was incorporated in 1942 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Barber Asphalt Corporation to convert the idled asphalt plant on Arthur Kill at Perth Amboy into an LCI(L) yard, prefabricating hull and deckhouse sections at a factory 14 miles away and railing them to the ways. The NavSource specification line '2-inch plastic splinter protection on gun turrets, conning tower and pilot house' refers to a documented non-asbestos material: crushed granite pebbles embedded in bitumen (HAER AK-52).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Construction trades (New Jersey Shipbuilding, 1943); engine-room crew (1943-46); any yard trades during the 1944-45 LC(FF) conversion
- Limitations
- Class/design documentation of sister hulls - LCI(L)-653 was built at the same yard (New Jersey Shipbuilding) and LCI(L)-713 is the surviving class example; neither HAER report mentions asbestos or insulation material anywhere, and neither names this hull. The listed applications are era-standard for diesel craft, not confirmed installed materials for this hull. Does not establish quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or present-day presence.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-484-lcil484-06
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[7]GAO, Navy's Efforts to Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- HRD-80-2 report letter (B-163375), enclosure responses on asbestos use in Navy ships; full report text via gao.gov/assets/hrd-80-2.pdf
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented program-level Navy asbestos use spanning this hull's construction and service era: 'thermal insulation... was the Navy's major use of asbestos aboard ships'; product specifications for thermal insulation were changed only in 1973 to specify asbestos-free materials, and 'some ships were delivered with asbestos insulation as late as May 1978'; 'all ships presently in service contain some quantity of asbestos' in applications including clutches, electric cables, gaskets, pipe-hanger liners, and electrical resistors; the Navy declined a one-time removal program (estimated $2 billion).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (report); Navy-wide practice through the 1970s
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards. Supports era context only - establishes that Navy practice in this hull's era used asbestos insulation and components extensively; does not establish materials aboard this hull, quantity, exposure, or causation. Product page verified live 2026-09-30; full text retrievable via rendered fetch (direct curl returns 403 to automated agents).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-484-lcil484-07
-
[8]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Article landing page and abstract, AJIM 11(3):359-373 (live 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this LCI(L)-351-class hull was mass-produced at a wartime conversion yard - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in ship construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or this class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-484-lcil484-08
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[9]Batch-5204 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NARA Special List 44 and online deck-log listing; NHHC DANFS (404 - no entry for this numbered craft); CourtListener opinions + dockets; MARAD ShipHistory; HAER AK-52/OR-180; NPS NRHP 07000300; Library of Virginia; usslci.org; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-484-lcil484-01 through -19
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming LCI(L)-484 / LC(FF)-484 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener was searched for all designations - 'LCI(L)-484', 'LCI-484', and 'LC(FF)-484' in opinions (type=o) and '"LCI(L)-484" OR "LC(FF)-484"' in dockets (type=r): zero results for all four queries (authenticated API v4, 2026-09-30). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no asbestos claim or marketing-listicle entry naming this hull. The 1947 Maritime Commission transfer has no corresponding MARAD ShipHistory card (the digitized database's only '484' hit is LST-484, a different vessel).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1943 welded-steel diesel landing craft is era-consistent with modest asbestos applications (lagging, gaskets, packing, electrical), but nothing was located naming this hull. Undigitized deck logs (NARA RG 24), BuShips class drawings (RG 19), and the LC(FF) conversion work order remain open archival leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-484-lcil484-09
-
[10]NARA catalog references: RG 24 deck logs (per Special List 44); RG 19 file unit NAID 53484428 / drawing NAID 78116695; Turner Publishing LCI Vol. II; USS LCI National Association Elsie Item archive [other_primary]
- Locator
- SL44 p.15 (RG 24 logs); catalog.archives.gov/id/78116695 and /id/53484428 (RG 19 drawings); Turner Vol. II (ISBN 1-56311-262-0); usslci.org Elsie Item archive (online issues begin ~2021)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved): (a) NARA RG 24 deck logs for LCI(L)(FF)-484, 10/21/1943-6/30/1945, National Archives at College Park - would document daily operations, yard availabilities, and the LC(FF) conversion site/scope; (b) NARA RG 19 Bureau of Ships 'Alphabetical Series of Ship Engineering Drawings,' file unit 'Plans for the Landing Craft LCI(L)-351' (NAID 53484428) - 38 class drawings partly digitized (e.g., docking plan NAID 78116695); any insulation notation would be class-level; (c) USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II (Turner Publishing, 1995) - the compiled ship history underlying NavSource's entry, not freely digitized; (d) Elsie Item July 2011 issue (USS LCI National Association newsletter) - photo source cited by NavSource, issue not in the association's online archive.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947 records
- Limitations
- Record-location mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed and no paid reproduction authorized; existence of asbestos-specific content in these records is unknown. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-484-lcil484-10