Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
-
[1]research packet pn-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-pkt-pn-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-498 - construction/service timeline, specifications, Normandy campaign credit, UK lease, return, striking, and disposal (history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150498.htm header block, LCI-351 class specifications block, campaign table, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI-351 class; laid down 1943 (location unknown to NavSource); launched 1943; commissioned USS LCI(L)-498, 15 November 1943. Assigned Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater; campaign credit 'Invasion of Normandy, 6 to 25 June 1944' with one battle star; ribbon display: American Campaign Medal, Europe-Africa-Middle East Campaign Medal (1), World War II Victory Medal. Decommissioned and leased to the United Kingdom 30 November 1944; returned to U.S. Naval custody 26 September 1946; struck from the Naval Register 13 December 1946; transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal; sold 28 October 1947, fate unknown. Spec block: displacement 236 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; length 158' 5.5"; beam 23' 3"; speed 16 kts max / 14 kts continuous; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; cargo 75 tons; armor 2-inch plastic splinter protection on gun turrets, conning tower and pilot house; armament five single 20mm guns; endurance 4,000 miles at 12 kts loaded; propulsion two sets of four GM 6051-series-71 diesels (four per shaft), single GM main reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp, two diesel-driven 30 kW 120 V DC generators; fuel diesel 860 Bbls. Two photographs: underway off the Normandy coast, date unknown (contributed by Bill Brinkley).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Construction trades, New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber NJ (1943); ship's company (4 officers + 24 enlisted) and embarked troops (1943-44); RN crew under lend-lease (1944-46)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation - the history section is credited to the Turner Publishing LCI book, not a primary registry; milestone dates generally track official records but carry transcription risk. NavSource gives no builder, no laid-down/launched day dates, and no commanding-officer table for this hull - those data come from uboat.net and shipbuildinghistory (separate rows). Contains no asbestos or material-content information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-01
-
[3]NARA Special List 44, List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number ordering), PDF p. 24 [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf p. 24, row 'LCI(L)-498 | 11/15/1943 | 11/30/1944' (PDF downloaded and text-verified via pdftotext/pypdf)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds deck logs for this hull indexed as LCI(L)-498, coverage 11/15/1943 - 11/30/1944. The coverage window begins on the documented commissioning date (15 November 1943) and ends on the documented UK-lease date (30 November 1944), independently corroborating both milestones and bounding the U.S.-commission period. Neighboring hulls in the same block (487-518) show the same coverage pattern ending October-December 1944 - the batch of Normandy-veteran LCIs leased to the UK.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1944 (log coverage)
- Population
- Ship's company (1943-44)
- Limitations
- Index entry only - documents that logs exist and their date coverage, not their contents. The logs themselves are not digitized (RG 24, NARA College Park); no deck-log text was consulted for this record. These are log-coverage dates, not commissioning/decommissioning dates in themselves. Coverage ending at the lease date is consistent with termination of U.S. log-keeping, not evidence of any casualty event.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-02
-
[4]Operation Plan CTF-122 No. 2-44 (ONWEST TWO), TOP-SECRET-NEPTUNE-BIGOT, USS Augusta flagship Plymouth 21 April 1944 - Task Organization (HyperWar transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- OpPlan-2-44-1.html task-organization table, TG 124 Assault Force 'O' / TransDiv Ninety-Seven / LCI(L) Flotilla 10 cell
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official wartime task organization for Operation Neptune names this hull: under Task Group 124 (Assault Force 'O', Rear Admiral Hall, USN), TransDiv Ninety-Seven, the LCI(L) Flotilla 10 block lists '487, 488, 489, 490, 491, *492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498' (followed by hulls 83-94, *520, and 408(G)/409-413/540-541), with group breakdowns shown as Groups 28, 29, and 34. Assault Force 'O' was the Omaha Beach assault force. Hull 498 carries no asterisk in the list (asterisked craft were marked 'Loaned to Assault Force O for Assault Lift').
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944 (plan dated 21 Apr 1944; operation 6-25 Jun 1944)
- Population
- Embarked assault troops and LCI crews of Flotilla 10 (June 1944)
- Limitations
- Transcribed official document hosted on HyperWar (ibiblio), a reputable secondary mirror of Navy primary records - transcription verified against the rendered table structure; the underlying document is a US Navy operation plan. The plan assigns the hull to the assault organization at flotilla level; it does not itself record her individual beach landings or post-assault employment, and the per-row group breakdown does not pin hull 498 to Group 28 by position alone (see RNRA row for the Assault Group O-3 composition). No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-03
-
[5]Royal Navy Research Archive, 'H.M.S. LCQ-491' ship history (sister hull LCI(L)-491) - documents Assault Group O-3 composition naming this hull, and the October 1944 lend-lease transfer program [other_primary]
- Locator
- LCQ_491.htm paragraphs on Group 28 work-up, Assault Group O-3 composition, and the October 1944 lend-lease transfer program
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- A sister-ship history names this hull in its wartime organization: 'USS LCI(L) 491 and other vessels of Group 28 were part of Assault Group O-3 [11 US LCI(L)s #93, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498] assembled in Weymouth Harbour in early June 1944 from where they sailed to participate in the Normandy landings, 6th to 25th June, for Omaha Beach landings on sector "EASY Red".' The same page documents the post-Normandy program in which 'the US Navy began transferring a total of 50 LCI(L)s still on station in the UK to the Royal Navy under the lend-lease agreement' beginning October 1944 - the program under which this hull was leased on 30 November 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Flotilla 10 / Assault Group O-3 crews and embarked troops (1944); RN crews of the lend-lease group (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Secondary research archive (volunteer-compiled Royal Navy history site drawing on Admiralty/US war diaries), not an official record - it names hull 498 within Assault Group O-3 and corroborates the OpPlan-2-44 flotilla assignment, but the EASY Red sector detail is asserted for the group, not documented per-hull for 498. Details specific to 491 (LCQ conversion at Grimsby, East Indies service, Operation ZIPPER) do NOT apply to 498 - no source located documents 498's Royal Navy employment, and no dedicated RNRA hull page exists for LCI(L)-498 (probed URL patterns 404). No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-04
-
[6]USS Landing Craft Infantry National Association, 'The Story of the LCI(L) 93 and LCI(L) 487 at Normandy' - flotilla-transit narrative naming hull 498 [other_primary]
- Locator
- usslci.org story page - opening paragraph naming the January 1944 group (493-498)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The veterans' association narrative of Flotilla 10's deployment names this hull: 'Six US Navy Landing Craft Infantry (LCIs) formed in columns off the Virginia coast on December 24th, 1943 for their journey to England - LCI(L)s 487, 488, 489, 490, 491 and 492. They were followed in January by LCIs 493, 494, 495, 496, 497 and 498.' The story also documents the flotilla's Omaha Beach losses at group level: sister LCI(L)-497 'would be destroyed by German teller mines at Omaha Beach' and LCI(L)-93 was abandoned under artillery fire on D-Day; the first LCI(L)s to land troops on Omaha were Navy LCI(L) 493 and Coast Guard LCI(L) 88 of Flotilla Ten at 0735.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-12 to 1944-06
- Population
- LCI(L)-498 crew (January 1944 Atlantic crossing)
- Limitations
- Veterans' association publication (secondary narrative, crew-recollection based) - corroborates the January 1944 crossing and the flotilla's Omaha service at the group level; it does not detail hull 498's individual D-Day conduct. HTTP-only site (https unreachable at earlier sessions; fetched via Firecrawl). No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-05
-
[7]uboat.net Allied Warships database, USS LCI(L)-498 (ship/21550) and HMS LCI(L)-498 (ship/21551) - milestone tables and the Royal Navy transfer/return lines [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship IDs 21550 (USN) and 21551 (RN), warship milestone tables and history lines
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary-compilation corroboration for this hull: USS page - built by New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. (Barber, NJ); ordered 22 March 1943; laid down 9 October 1943; launched 6 November 1943; commissioned 15 November 1943; end of U.S. service 30 November 1944; 'Transferred to the Royal Navy on 30 November 1944'; returned to USN by the RN 'on 25 September 1946'. HMS page - Royal Navy commissioning 30 November 1944; 'Returned to the USN on 26 September 1946' - uboat.net's own two pages differ by one day on the return date (see gaps).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a secondary research compilation with no sourcing displayed per page; treated as corroboration where it agrees with NavSource/NARA and as the located source for the laid-down (9 Oct), launched (6 Nov), and ordered (22 Mar) data that NavSource omits - none has a primary anchor in located sources. Internal 25 vs 26 September 1946 return-date conflict carried in gaps. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-06
-
[8]shipbuildinghistory.com LCI(L) production table + New Jersey Shipbuilding yard page - builder row and class production context for hull 498 [other_primary]
- Locator
- smallships/lcil.htm row 'LCI(L) 498'; shipyards/emergencysmall/newjersey.htm yard description and production table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder-table corroboration: 'LCI(L) | 498 | New Jersey SB | Barber NJ | 15-Nov-43 | To Britain 1944, returned 1946, sold 1947' - corroborating builder, delivery/commissioning date, and the lend-lease/return/sale chain. Yard page: New Jersey Shipbuilding was an assembly line for LCIs on Arthur Kill in Barber (now the Maurer section of Perth Amboy); management taken over by Todd Shipyards in 1942 at the Navy's request; closed after the war. Class context from the table header: 923 LCI(L)s built by ten shipyards; hulls 351+ (this hull's group) six inches longer and about 30 tons heavier than the first 350; 'most of these boats were sold after the war but there are few records of who bought them or what they were used for.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Construction trades, New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber NJ (1943)
- Limitations
- Secondary shipbuilding-history compilation - the table's date column is delivery/commissioning (matches the 15 Nov 1943 commissioning). Disposition wording is shorthand ('sold 1947' vs NavSource's exact 28 Oct 1947). No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-07
-
[9]NARA catalog records located via Digital Public Library of America mirror (provider: National Archives at College Park - Textual Reference): NAID 120190828 'LCI(L) 498 - Muster Rolls' (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships collection) and NAID 136037611 'LCI(L)-498 - War Diary, 11/15-30/43' (World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories; Records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DPLA phrase searches '"LCI(L) 498"' and '"LCI(L)-498"' (2 results each, identical set); item pages map to catalog.archives.gov/id/120190828 and /id/136037611
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Two ship-specific primary records exist in the NARA catalog for this hull: the muster-roll series and a war-diary installment covering 15-30 November 1943 - the commissioning fortnight, the likeliest official source for fitting-out and shakedown detail. No war-diary installment covering June 1944 (the Normandy operation) or the 1944 operational period appears in the located set, though the diaries are the likeliest official source for it.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-11 (diary installment located); muster-roll span unverified
- Population
- crew of LCI(L)-498 (muster rolls); ship's officers (war diary)
- Limitations
- Records located via DPLA's mirror of NARA catalog metadata - catalog.archives.gov is JS-rendered and its API endpoints return the SPA shell, so contents and digitization status are unverified (retrieved via Firecrawl). Only two records located under both spellings ('LCI(L) 498' and 'LCI(L)-498') - consistent with the short 12.5-month U.S. commission ending at the UK lease. Whether June-1944 and later installments exist under variant titling or were never produced is unknown. Presence of a record does not indicate asbestos content; no asbestos term appears in the located metadata.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-08
-
[10]HyperWar (ibiblio), 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 - Landing Ships and Craft': LCI(L)-351 class specification block and hull-range disposition table (LCI(L)-498-502 listed 'Lend-Lease to UK') [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-lc.html, 'LCI(L)-351 Class' specification block and hull table row 'LCI(L)-498-502'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Class-level specification reference for the LCI(L)-351 class to which this hull belongs (wartime-compiled data): 385 tons full load; length 160 ft 4 in; beam 23 ft 3 in; draft 5 ft 8 in; 15.5 knots; five 20mm guns; complement 4 officers, 25 enlisted; capacity 9 officers, 200 enlisted or 75 tons cargo; two sets of GM diesel engines, twin variable-pitch screws. The disposition table lists LCI(L)-498-502 as 'Lend-Lease to UK' - consistent with this hull's documented 30 November 1944 Royal Navy transfer.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- LCI(L)-351 class crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Class-level data and hull-range disposition rows, not a hull record; its complement (4 officers, 25 enlisted) and dimensions differ slightly from the NavSource spec block (4 officers, 24 enlisted; 158 ft 5.5 in; 419 t loaded) - carried in gaps. HyperWar is a transcription of wartime-era compiled data. No materials or asbestos facts.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-09
-
[11]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI-351 class spec block (geared-diesel propulsion: two sets of four GM 6051-series-71 diesels, twin variable-pitch props, 2,320 shp; 1943 steel-hulled construction at New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber NJ); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation; Rushworth NEJ 117(2) 2005 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block (propulsion, armor); GAO HRD-80-2 product page; Rushworth NEJ 117(2) abstract
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled geared-diesel landing craft built in October-November 1943 at a New Jersey wartime LCI yard sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a small diesel combatant of this type and period were engine and exhaust thermal insulation/lagging, machinery insulation, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation in the confined hull volume. As a diesel-powered craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, and her '2-inch plastic splinter protection' armor is not an asbestos product. Royal Navy lend-lease service (November 1944 - September 1946) kept the same hull in wartime-materials service under a second flag.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Construction trades, New Jersey Shipbuilding (1943); engine-room crew ('black gang') (1943-44); embarked troops (1944); RN crew (1944-46); unknown post-sale handlers (1947+)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-498 in either U.S. or U.K. custody. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. The builder yard (New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ) has no located asbestos-specific documentation of its own - inference rests on era and Navy practice, not yard records.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-10
-
[12]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's construction (1943) and U.S. service era (1943-1944).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403 - standing defect since Batch-01); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-11
-
[13]Rushworth, Denis H., 'The Navy and Asbestos Thermal Insulation,' Naval Engineers Journal 117(2), 2005, pp. 35-48, DOI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2005.tb00336.x; verified live 2026-09-30 via Firecrawl [reputable_press]
- Locator
- NEJ 117(2) 2005 article record + abstract, ingentaconnect art00012
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed Naval Engineers Journal article (American Society of Naval Engineers) documents that asbestos 'was once used in U.S. Navy shipboard pipe and machinery thermal insulation and in many other shipboard products,' that plaintiffs in asbestos lawsuits 'include many who were exposed to asbestos while serving in Navy ships built during and following WWII,' and that 'the most likely source of their Navy shipboard exposures was thermal insulation' because the materials were 'dry, friable, and easily accessible.' Covers this hull's construction and service era at the practice level.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2005 (article); WWII-era practice documented
- Population
- WWII-and-later Navy ship crews; shipyard insulation workers
- Limitations
- Era/practice-level documentation - names no hull and no product list for this vessel; establishes the Navy-era practice, not installed materials aboard LCI(L)-498. Abstract-level read; article body not retrieved (paywalled). No quantity, product, or individual exposure data.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-12
-
[14]Batch-5218 search ledger (this record): NavSource 150498; NARA SL44 ship-number PDF; OpPlan-2-44 task organization (HyperWar); RNRA LCQ-491 page + dedicated-page probe; usslci.org story + site search; uboat.net USS/HMS pages; shipbuildinghistory.com; NARA catalog via DPLA; HyperWar ships-lc.html; USNA MS 415 finding aid; NHHC DANFS/NMUSN probes; NVR; GAO HRD-80-2; Rushworth NEJ 117(2); CourtListener API v4; secondary web litigation/asbestos sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or qualifying litigation naming USS LCI(L)-498 / HMS LCI(L)-498 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion searches under all four spellings ('LCI(L)-498', 'LCI-498', 'LCI(L) 498', 'LCI 498') and the docket-level (type=r) query for 'LCI(L)-498' each returned count 0 (2026-09-30). Secondary web sweep surfaced no asbestos claim of any kind for this hull - not even law-firm marketing listicles (the single 'LCI-498' hit was an unrelated academic survey instrument).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull was built inside the Navy's asbestos era and was sold into unknown hands in 1947, leaving no post-service material record and no surviving hull to survey. CourtListener coverage spans the opinion and RECAP docket indexes; filings, unindexed dockets, and settled or state-court matters are outside that negative. UK-side records (Admiralty service, lend-lease disposal) and the NARA deck logs/muster rolls/war diary are unexamined primary leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-498-lcil498-13