Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 444-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-594 · Hull: LCI(L)-594 · Designation: Landing Craft, Infantry (Large)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-594-lcil594-pkt-444-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(M)-594 ex USS LCI(L)-594 - construction, commissioning, reclassification, campaign, disposal; specifications; photo captions (history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150594.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block, and photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 13 March 1944 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber, N.J.; launched 17 April 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-594, 20 April 1944; reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Mortar) LCI(M)-594, 5 May 1945. Assigned Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater; campaign - Invasion of southern France, 15 August to 9 September 1944; earned one battle star for World War II service. Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register 1946; transferred to the US Army 26 February 1947; final disposition 'fate unknown'. Spec block: 236 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; 158' 5.5"; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted (LCI(L)) / 4 officers + 49 enlisted (LCI(M)); troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; propulsion two sets of 4 GM 6051-series-71 diesels, 4 per shaft, GM reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; LCI(M) armament - one 40mm mount forward, four 20mm mounts, three 4.2" chemical mortars in sand-boxed well-deck positions. Photo captions place this hull near Naples 24 July 1944 for a pre-invasion practice landing (NARA photo III-SC-192675, 30th Inf./3rd Div.), in convoy bound for the southern-France beaches circa Aug-Sep 1944 (USCG photo), and on a ramp in France circa September 1945 as LCI(M)-594 (USAAF 23rd Photographic Squadron).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- NJ Shipbuilding construction trades (Mar-Apr 1944); crew - 4 officers + 24 enlisted (LCI(L)) / 49 enlisted (LCI(M)); embarked troops (up to 182 enlisted + 6 officers)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates generally track official records but the ship's credited history source is a commercial veterans' volume (Turner Publishing 1995). Contains no asbestos or material content. The Army-transfer date conflicts with the documented September 1946 ROK acquisition (see ev-04 and gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-594-lcil594-01
-
[3]NARA, 'Special List #44, by Ship Numbers' - List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units (RG 24 deck-log holdings index, ships by signal number) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 19, row 'LCI(L)(M)-594 4/20/1944 6/30/1945' (live download verified, PDF 639e2f28... md5 identical to canonical file)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Special List 44 ship-numbers index lists 'LCI(L)(M)-594' with deck-log coverage 4/20/1944 - 6/30/1945. The begin date equals the commissioning date (20 April 1944); these are log-coverage dates, not independently confirmed commissioning or decommissioning dates. The listing documents that U.S. Navy deck logs for this hull exist in RG 24 holdings for the full U.S. commissioned period, ending 30 June 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-04-20 to 1945-06-30
- Population
- Crew during U.S. commissioned service, 4/20/1944-6/30/1945 (as later logged)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the index documents that deck logs exist and their coverage span - it is not a service narrative and contains no asbestos, material, personnel-exposure, or conversion detail. Whether these logs have been digitized in the NARA catalog could not be verified this session (catalog JS-rendered). Coverage ending 6/30/1945 predates her 1946 striking and 1947 Army transfer; post-June-1945 logging is not indexed here.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-594-lcil594-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LCI(L)-594 (LCI 351 class) - build/milestone block and Convoy UGS-43 event record [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21659.html data block; 'Notable events' - Convoy UGS-43 (departed Hampton Roads 23 May 1944; Port Said arrival 19 June 1944)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net records LCI(L)-594, built by New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. (Barber NJ), laid down 17 March 1944, launched 13 April 1944, commissioned 20 April 1944, reclassified LCI(M) 5 May 1945 - and places her in Convoy UGS-43, which departed Hampton Roads 23 May 1944 for the Mediterranean; the 12 June 1944 escort/LCI listing names 'USS LCI(L)-594 (Lt.(jg) W. Campbell, USNR)' sailing with sister LCIs 590-596, 674, 675, and 951-954 under escort including HMS Colombo, USS McCormick (COMTASKFOR 64 embarked), and CortDiv 23 destroyer escorts.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Lt.(jg) W. Campbell USNR and crew; LCI flotilla transiting to the Mediterranean, May-June 1944
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a respected secondary compilation (Gudmundur Helgason), not a primary registry - the convoy listings derive from operational records but are transcribed. Its laid-down/launched dates (17 Mar / 13 Apr 1944) conflict with NavSource (13 Mar / 17 Apr 1944); NavSource dates carried, conflict logged in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-594-lcil594-03
-
[5]Navypedia, 'SEOUL fire support landing ships (1942-1945/1946-1949)' - Republic of Korea LCI table [other_primary]
- Locator
- Navypedia kos_ls_seoul.htm, Seoul table row; Wikipedia 'ROKS Seoul' disambiguation (secondary)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Navypedia identifies 'Seoul' (ROK LCI No. 101) as 'ex-LCI(M)594, ex-LCI(L)594', built by New Jersey SB, Barber: laid down 3.1944, launched 17.4.1944, U.S. commissioned 4.1944, ROK commissioned 9.1946, stricken 1959 - one of the former USN LCI(L)-type infantry landing craft converted for fire support. This is the foreign-service identity of the hull after U.S. disposal (NavSource: transferred to the US Army 26 February 1947).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1946-1959
- Population
- ROK Navy crew, 1946-1959 (foreign service)
- Limitations
- Navypedia is a secondary compilation; the ROK-service line is corroborated by the Wikipedia ROKS Seoul disambiguation entry ('commissioned as USS LCI(L)-594 in 1944, acquired 15 September 1946') - secondary on both sides. The September 1946 ROK acquisition conflicts with NavSource's 26 February 1947 US Army transfer date (likely a custody-transfer sequence; unresolved - see gaps). No asbestos content. Post-transfer foreign service is documented for completeness and does not bear on U.S.-service exposure eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-594-lcil594-04
-
[6]shipbuildinghistory.com (T. Colton), 'New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ' yard page and hull list [other_primary]
- Locator
- newjersey.htm - yard description paragraph and hull table row 'LCI(L) | 594'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The builder's table lists hull 'LCI(L) 594, US Navy, Landing Craft, delivered Apr-44, Struck 1946'. Yard description: 'New Jersey Shipbuilding was an assembly line for LCIs on Arthur Kill, in Barber, a community immediately to the east of Perth Amboy... Management of the yard was taken over by Todd Shipyards in 1942, at the Navy's request, and was closed after the war.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1946 (yard operation)
- Population
- NJ Shipbuilding assembly-line workforce (wartime)
- Limitations
- Secondary maritime-history compilation (Colton's shipbuilding history), not an official register - the delivery/entry and disposal lines are terse and carry no construction-detail or material content. Confirms builder, delivery month, and striking year consistent with NavSource. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-594-lcil594-05
-
[7]HyperWar transcription, 'US Navy Landing Ships/Craft, 1940-1945' (from the wartime ONI/Navy-department ships' data publication) - LCI(L)-351 class block [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-lc.html, 'LCI(L)-351 Class' specification block and hull-number table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The wartime Navy ships'-data transcription for the LCI(L)-351 class (this hull's class) gives: displacement 385 tons full load; length 160'4"; beam 23'3"; draft 5'8" full load; speed 15.5 knots; armament 5 x 20mm; complement 4 officers, 25 enlisted; capacity 9 officers/200 enlisted or 75 tons cargo; '2 sets G.M. diesel engins; twin variable-pitch screws, 1600 BHP'. Confirms the class is all-diesel - no steam plant aboard any LCI(L)-351 unit.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- LCI(L)-351 class crews generally (class context)
- Limitations
- Class-level spec block - describes the type, not this individual hull. Minor spec conflicts with NavSource's figures (385 t vs 419 t loaded; 1600 vs 2320 BHP; 15.5 vs 16 kts) reflect the differing source manuals; neither is a ship-specific measurement. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-594-lcil594-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource/uboat.net propulsion data (GM 6051-series-71 diesels, no steam plant); HyperWar LCI(L)-351 class spec block; GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-use era (see ev-08); wartime construction at a mass-production LCI yard [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; HyperWar LCI(L)-351 block; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered landing craft built March-April 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a small diesel craft of this type and period were engine and diesel-exhaust thermal insulation, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation, in a small confined hull volume with crew accommodations adjacent to machinery spaces. As an all-diesel craft she carried no boilers or steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- NJ Shipbuilding construction trades (Mar-Apr 1944); crew 1944-46; embarked troops during operations
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, construction specification, or work package located for LCI(L)-594. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-594-lcil594-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and U.S. service era (1944-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-594-lcil594-08
-
[10]Batch-5315 search ledger (this record): NavSource amphibious archive; NARA Special List 44 ship-numbers PDF (live download); uboat.net convoy record; Navypedia ROK Seoul table; shipbuildinghistory.com NJ yard page; HyperWar ships-lc transcription; GAO product page; CourtListener API v4 (opinion + docket); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-594-lcil594-01 through -10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or qualifying litigation naming USS LCI(L)-594 / LCI(M)-594 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener opinion searches ('LCI(L)-594', 'LCI-594', 'LCI(M)-594'/'LCI(L)(M)-594'/'LCI 594') returned zero hits; the docket search returned one result - Finjan Software Ltd. v. Secure Computing Corp., D. Del. 1:06-cv-00369 (patent case) - classified name collision, not asbestos litigation. Unlike other hulls in this series, no law-firm marketing pages asserting asbestos aboard this specific hull were surfaced.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. Deck logs (RG 24, coverage 4/20/1944-6/30/1945) and any construction/disposal records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-594-lcil594-09