Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]NHHC, 'Casualties: Navy and Coast Guard Ships' - official ship-loss listing [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Casualties page, 1945 LCI(L) entries (line: 'USS LCI(L)-600 sunk by undetermined explosion at Ulithi, Caroline Islands, 12 January 1945')
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official NHHC loss entry: 'USS LCI(L)-600 sunk by undetermined explosion at Ulithi, Caroline Islands, 12 January 1945.' The Navy's standing casualty list carries the cause of loss as UNDETERMINED - not attributed to any specific weapon.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-01-12
- Population
- Crew aboard at loss (28 complement + embarked troops status unknown)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Conflicts with NHHC's own H-gram 039-4 and postwar analyses that attribute the sinking to an I-36 kaiten (see ev-02, ev-07) - the 'undetermined explosion' wording is the official casualty-list position and is carried alongside, not resolved against, the kaiten attribution.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-01
-
[2]NHHC, H-Gram 039-4 'First Kaiten Attack' (Director of Naval History H-gram series) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- H-039-4 body text (kaiten-results paragraph) and sources paragraph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC postwar attribution: 'Besides Underhill and Mississenewa, the only other U.S. ship sunk by a Kaiten was infantry landing craft LCI-600, with the loss of three men.' The H-gram cites action reports, Mair & Waldron's Kaiten history, combinedfleet.com, and DANFS as its sources.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-01-12
- Population
- Three crew killed (named in ev-08); survivors evacuated
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos content. The H-gram is an NHHC interpretive product citing secondary sources - it attributes the sinking to a kaiten while NHHC's own casualty list (ev-01) says 'undetermined explosion.' Both positions are carried; the record does not adjudicate between them. 'Three men' lost is consistent with the LCI association memorial's three named KIA (ev-08).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-02
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-600 - construction, commissioning, specs, awards, loss, CO photo credit (page history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150600.htm - header block, awards block, specifications block, photo credit line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: LCI-351 class; laid down March 1944 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber, N.J.; launched April 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-600 29 April 1944; assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater; lost to enemy action 12 January 1945, 'Kaiten Submarine attack at Ulithi by HIJMS Submarine I-36'; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown. Awards: Combat Action Ribbon (12 January 1945), American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal. Specs: 236 t light / 264 landing / 419 loaded, 158'5.5" x 23'3", 16 kts max (14 continuous), complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted, troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted, five single 20mm; propulsion two sets of four GM 6051-series-71 diesels (4 per shaft), GM reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp, two diesel-drive 30kW 120V D.C. generators. Photo credit names CO as LTjg. Lester P. Condon, USNR (charcoal drawing donated by his son John Condon). International Radio Call Sign NPET.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Construction trades, New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ (1944); crew (1944-45); embarked troops
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry; its kaiten attribution follows the postwar-analysis position that NHHC's casualty list does not adopt (ev-01). Day-level construction dates absent (month-level only). CO identification rests on a photo-donor credit line - donor-level evidence. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-03
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LCI(L)-600 (LCI(L)-600) - LCI 351 class; build dates, builder, loss entry [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21665 data table and history line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Day-level build chronology for this hull (secondary compilation): built by New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. (Barber, New Jersey); laid down 27 March 1944; launched 24 April 1944; commissioned 29 April 1944; lost 12 January 1945 - 'Sunk at Ulhiti on 12 January 1945 by a Japanese Kaiten launched by Japanese submarine I-36.' Corroborating builder list: Naval Marine Archive's LCI(L) shipbuilder table records 'LCI(L) 600 - New Jersey SB, Barber NJ, 29-Apr-44 - Lost at Ulithi 12-Jan-45' (delivery date matching commissioning day).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Construction trades (Mar-Apr 1944); crew (1944-45)
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a respected secondary compilation, not a primary registry; it supplies day-level dates NavSource gives at month level only - carried with that caveat (see gaps). 'Ulhiti' misspelling is in the source. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-04
-
[5]NARA, Special List #44 - List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number volume) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 26 (row: 'LCI(L)-600 4/29/1944 12/31/1944')
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 lists deck logs for LCI(L)-600 covering 29 April 1944 through 31 December 1944 - commissioning through twelve days before the sinking. These are log-coverage dates, not assumed commissioning/decommissioning dates. The logs exist in RG 24 at NARA but are not among the digitized deck logs on the NARA logbooks page.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-04-29 to 1944-12-31
- Population
- Deck-log entries concern the commissioned crew (Apr-Dec 1944)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: establishes that deck logs exist and their coverage span, not their contents. Coverage ends 31 December 1944 - the final 12 days including the sinking are outside the listed span (whether a January 1945 log survived with the sinking is undocumented). Not digitized; on-site or reproduction-request access only. No asbestos content assumed - deck logs rarely record materials directly.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-05
-
[6]NARA Catalog records: USS LCI(L) 600 War Diaries (NAIDs 78436416 [4/29-5/31/44], 78480536 [6/1-30/44], 78557524 [7/1-31/44], fold3-served microfilm); LCI(L) 600 Muster Rolls (NAID 120239291, ancestry-served); COM LCI(L) GR 18 War Diaries (NAIDs 139755417 [9/44], 78671734 [10/44], 139779824 [11/44], 139863339 [1/45]); 'WWII Naval Vessels Damaged or Lost' item (NAID 152914139) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog query 'LCI(L) 600' (60 hits); NAIDs 78436416, 78480536, 78557524, 120239291, 139755417, 78671734, 139779824, 139863339, 152914139
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Catalog entries document that ship-level war diaries exist for LCI(L)-600 covering April-July 1944 (fold3-served microfilm, membership required - content not reviewed), muster rolls for the hull exist (ancestry-served), and Commander LCI(L) Group 18 war diaries cover September 1944-January 1945 - the unit-level series that would report the sinking if she was a Group 18 craft. NARA catalog association surfaced the GR 18 diaries on the hull-name query; the group assignment itself is unverified (see gaps).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Ship's company (war diaries, muster rolls); Group 18 craft population if affiliation confirmed
- Limitations
- Archival leads only - existence and coverage verified via catalog metadata; contents not reviewed (fold3 membership wall, HTTP 403 to automated fetch; ancestry-served). The GR 18 affiliation is a catalog-association suggestion, NOT a verified fact. No asbestos content expected or assumed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-06
-
[7]DANFS, Mazama (AE-9) - wartime narrative including the 12 January 1945 Ulithi attack [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Mazama (AE-9) wartime narrative, Ulithi 5 January-12 January 1945 passage
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent official corroboration of the 12 January 1945 attack: Mazama (AE-9), anchored at Ulithi, 'at 0650 12 January, a suspicious object was sighted off the starboard quarter. Four minutes later an explosion rocked the ship' - flooding controlled, 'the loss of eight men, one dead and seven seriously injured.' DANFS also places Mazama as witness to the first successful kaiten attack (Mississinewa, 20 November 1944). The entry does not name LCI(L)-600.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-01-12
- Population
- Mazama crew (1 dead, 7 seriously injured per DANFS)
- Limitations
- Context only: corroborates that an underwater explosion attack occurred in the anchorage that morning and fixes the time (0650 sighting, ~0654 explosion); does not name this hull and does not itself call the 12 January weapon a kaiten. DANFS phrasing 'the loss of eight men, one dead and seven seriously injured' is carried verbatim - the USNI Naval History letter (search_ledger sl-12) says eight fatalities aboard Mazama; figures not reconciled here.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-07
-
[8]combinedfleet.com, I-36 Tabular Record of Movement (TROM) - Kongo Group second kaiten mission, 12 January 1945 Ulithi launch [other_primary]
- Locator
- I-36 TROM, '12 January 1945' entry (Kongo Group, second kaiten mission)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Attacker-side detail: on 12 January 1945, I-36 (LtCdr Teramoto) launched four kaiten at Ulithi lagoon between 0342 and 0357, piloted by Lt Kagaya Takeru, Lt.(j.g.) Todokoro Shizuyo, Ensign Motoi Bunya, and CPO Fukumoto Yurimitsu. A VPB-21 PBM flown by Lt.(j.g.) Richard L. Simms depth-charged and sank one kaiten in the lagoon. 'Postwar analysis indicates that one kaiten damaged ammunition ship USS MAZAMA (AE-9) and another sank LCI-600 (Landing Craft Infantry).'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-01-12
- Population
- Four I-36 kaiten pilots (all lost); U.S. anchorage population
- Limitations
- Secondary scholarship (TROM), framed as postwar analysis - consistent with NHHC H-gram (ev-02) but not adopted by the NHHC casualty list (ev-01). Supplies launch detail and pilot names no U.S. source carries. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-08
-
[9]USS Landing Craft Infantry National Association, 'On This Memorial Day the Heroes We Will Remember' (In-Memorial.pdf) and Elsie Item #109 (June 2020) memorial rolls [other_primary]
- Locator
- In-Memorial.pdf memorial roll, LCI(L) 600 entry; ElsieItem-109-Jun-2020.pdf 'SWPA New Guinea' section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Veterans-association memorial documentation names the three LCI(L)-600 dead: 'LCI(L) 600. Sunk 1/12/1945. SWPA Ulithi by Japanese Midget Submarine. KIA Seth Bailey. KIA Glen De Quaisie. KIA Edwin Janacek.' Elsie Item #109 repeats the three names under 'SWPA New Guinea.' Three deaths matches the NHHC H-gram (ev-02). 'SWPA' places the craft's operating area in the Southwest Pacific (New Guinea sector).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-01-12
- Population
- Seth Bailey, Glen DeQuaisie, Edwin Janacek (KIA); surviving crew
- Limitations
- Veterans-association memorial publication - a reliable but unofficial roster; 'Japanese Midget Submarine' is the association's phrasing for the attacker (kaiten/midget-submarine conflation is common in secondary accounts). Names carried as association-documented. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-09
-
[10]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI(L)-351 class spec block (GM 6051-series-71 diesel plant, no steam); HyperWar 'Ships of the U.S. Navy 1940-1945' LCI(L)-351 class table; GAO HRD-80-2 program documentation (ev-10); wartime small-craft construction practice [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150600.htm specifications block; HyperWar ships-lc.html LCI(L)-351 class table; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled LCI(L)-351 class craft built March-April 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a diesel-powered landing craft of this period were engine-space thermal insulation, diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply. Hull sunk in combat January 1945: no post-service abatement, overhaul, or disposal pathway exists for this vessel.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Construction trades, New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ (1944); crew (1944-45)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package exists for a sunk 1944 landing craft. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Small craft (~158 ft, diesel) - materially less insulation scope than a steam vessel; inference strength is correspondingly lower.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-10
-
[11]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's construction (1944) and her entire eight-month service life (1944-45).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-11
-
[12]Batch-5321 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NHHC casualties list; NHHC H-gram 039-4; DANFS Mazama; NARA Special List 44 (verified PDF page 26); NARA catalog (war diaries, muster rolls, GR 18 diaries); CourtListener opinion x3 and docket x1 (0 hits); NVR; uboat.net; HyperWar; uss-lci.org memorials; navalmarinearchive builder list; combinedfleet I-36 TROM; NIOSH HHE search for builder; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LCI(L)-600 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener returned 0 results on all queried name variants (opinion: 'LCI(L)-600', 'LCI-600', 'LCI(L) 600'; docket: 'LCI(L)-600' OR 'LCI-600'). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no asbestos content for this hull beyond excluded law-firm marketing pages. The one avenue not fully run: fold3-served war diaries (Apr-Jul 1944) and the COM LCI(L) GR 18 diaries are behind a membership wall - contents unreviewed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - 1944 naval construction was inside the documented asbestos era (ev-10, ev-11). A sunk-in-combat hull leaves no abatement/disposal record trail to find. Numbered landing craft are poorly discoverable in litigation corpora (variant spellings, no ship name). Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-600-lcil600-12