Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet 446-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (hull exists, saw combat service; matches queue row).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-pkt-446-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(G)-61 ex USS LCI(L)-61 (construction milestones, campaign credits, awards strip, disposal, specifications, photo captions) - history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150061.htm header block, awards strip, campaign table, specifications block, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI-1 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 5 August 1942 at Consolidated Steel Corp., Orange, TX; launched 27 September 1942; commissioned USS LCI(L)-61, 12 November 1942; reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Guns) LCI(G)-61, 15 June 1944. Assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater; campaign credits: New Georgia-Rendova-Vangunu occupation 1 and 4 July 1943; Vella Lavella occupation 15 August 1943; Treasury Island landing 27 October 1943; occupation and defense of Cape Torokina 11 November 1943; consolidation of Northern Solomon Islands 28 April - 15 June 1944; Mindanao Island landings 17-23 April 1945; Balikpapan operation 26 June - 7 July 1945. Occupation and extended China service 9 September - 11 November 1945. Decommissioned 1946; struck from the Naval Register 25 February 1946; transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal; sold 17 January 1951; final disposition fate unknown. Five battle stars; awards strip shows China Service Medal, American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (5 stars), World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp), Philippine Presidential Unit Citation, Philippine Liberation Medal (1). Spec block: 216 t. light / 234 t. landing / 389 t. loaded; 158' 5.5" length; 23' 3" beam; 16 kts max / 14 kts continuous; LCI(L) complement 3 officers + 21 enlisted, LCI(G) complement 5 officers + 65 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; propulsion two sets of 4 General Motors diesel engines, 4 per shaft, 1,600 bhp, twin variable-pitch propellers; LCI(G) armament two 40mm guns, four 20mm guns, six .50 cal machine guns, ten Mk7 rocket launchers. Photo captions (US Navy Seabee Museum, Port Hueneme) show the hull embarking Echelon One of the 6th Special Naval Construction Battalion and beached at Bougainville, November 1943.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1951
- Population
- Consolidated Steel construction trades (1942); commissioned crew (1942-46); embarked troops (up to ~188 per spec)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation - the underlying history source is a veteran-association book (Turner Publishing, 1995), itself secondary; the October 1943 campaign detail is corroborated by the digitized LCI(L) Group 13 war diary (ev-03) and the April-July 1945 operations by the hull's own action reports (ev-04). Commissioning 12 Nov 1942 conflicts with the Colton shipbuilding table's 'Dec-42' delivery entry (see gaps); campaign dates are award-credit windows, not necessarily the hull's exact operational days.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-01
-
[3]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, USS LCI(L)-61 (LCI(L)-61), LCI 1 class registry entry with transcribed Operation Oboe II (Balikpapan) order of battle [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/20889.html characteristics table and 'Notable events' TG 78.2.8 order of battle
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent registry corroboration: LCI(L)-61, Landing Craft Infantry of the LCI 1 class, built by Consolidated Steel Corp., Ltd. (Orange, Texas); ordered 3 Jun 1942; laid down 5 Aug 1942; launched 27 Sep 1942; commissioned 12 Nov 1942; 'Reclassified as LCI(G), Landing Craft Guns, on 15 June 1944.' The page's transcribed order of battle for Operation Oboe II (Allied landings at Balikpapan, 1 July 1945) places this hull in TG 78.2.8, the Close Support Unit under T/Cdr. D.H. Day, USN, as 'USS LCI(G)-61 (Lt.(jg) R.M. Prann, USNR)' alongside LCS(L) and LCI(R) craft and sister LCI(G)s 21, 22, 24, 66, 67.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- crew under Lt.(jg) R.M. Prann (mid-1945); construction trades (1942)
- Limitations
- Secondary registry plus transcribed wartime document - corroborates builder, milestone dates, reclassification, the commanding officer's name, and the Balikpapan task-unit assignment; the order of battle is a transcribed primary list. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-02
-
[4]NARA, COM LCI(L) GROUP 13 - War Diary, 10/1-31/43, NAID 135987097 (RG 38, World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories; microfilm Roll A666; 3 digitized images, read) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 135987097 digitized images 0004-0006 (Roll A666); organization line and entries for 17, 25-27 October 1943
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Primary-source unit assignment and combat detail for this hull. The diary's organization line lists 'LCI(L) Group Thirteen, LCI(L)'s 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 21, 22; LCI(L) Flotilla Five, Landing Craft Flotillas, Amphibious Force, South Pacific; Lieutenant Commander M. M. Byrd Group Commander.' On 17 October 1943 'Commander LCI(L) Group Thirteen and staff transfer to LCI(L) 61' - the hull became the group flagship. On 25-26 October the group embarked the 8th New Zealand Brigade at Kukum Beach, Guadalcanal, under CTF 31 Operation Order A16-43, escorted by USS Waller (DD-466), Saufley (DD-465), and Cony (DD-508); on 27 October 1943 '0715 LCI(L)'s 61, 67, 69 beach on Purple 2 beach' at Mono and Sterling Islands - the Treasury Island landing credited on the hull's NavSource awards strip.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-10
- Population
- LCI(L)-61 crew plus embarked Group 13 staff (from 17 Oct 1943); embarked 8th NZ Brigade troops during the Treasury operation
- Limitations
- Group-level primary document naming this hull; establishes flagship status from 17 October 1943 and the Treasury landing, but is not a ship-authored log - hull-specific daily detail does not appear in it. November 1943 (Cape Torokina) detail would sit in the group's November diary (not consulted). No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-03
-
[5]NARA hull-authored action reports, RG 38 WWII War Diaries series: NAID 140000672 (Malabang-Parang assault landing 17 Apr 1945, report dated 18 Apr 1945, 4 images, Roll A1602); NAID 101774823 (Mindanao and Pulangi River patrol 18 Apr-6 May 1945, dated 7 May 1945, 4 images, Roll A1790); NAID 101774563 (Balikpapan assault landings 1-2 Jul 1945, dated 1-2 Jul 1945, 2 images, Roll A1789) - images downloaded and read [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 140000672 images 0215-0218 (first page read); NAID 101774823 images 0002-0005 (first page read); NAID 101774563 images 0831-0832 (both read)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Three digitized action reports authored by 'Commanding Officer, U.S.S. LCI(G) 61' (letterhead LCI(G)61/A16, care of Fleet Post Office, San Francisco) document this hull's 1945 combat service. Malabang-Parang (per Operation Plan 4-45): departed Pandan Bay, Mindoro, 14 April 1945 with the attack convoy; patrolled station Lindy-Marge; grounded 1446 17 April and refloated ~2000 after an LCM laid a stern anchor; no enemy engaged, no ammunition expended; via CTU 78.2.12 (Commander LCS(L) Flotilla One). Mindanao/Pulangi River patrol (18 Apr-6 May): departed Mollog Harbor 18 April with LCI(G)-66 in the lead, proceeded upriver to Cotabato alongside PGMs 4, 5, 6, 8, navigating narrow right-angle bends and colliding with soft mud banks. Balikpapan (Operation Plan 6-45, 26 June-2 July): departed Morotai 26 June with the Main Attack Unit; two firing runs on S. Klandasan Beach closing to 500 yards; ammunition expended 3"/50 165 rds, 40MM 1,048 rds, 20MM 2,640 rds; slight burns from gun casualties treated by ship's Pharmacist's Mate; signed R. M. PRANN, Lt.(jg), USNR, Commanding Officer.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-04 to 1945-07
- Population
- LCI(G)-61 crew under Lt.(jg) R.M. Prann (Apr-Jul 1945)
- Limitations
- Ship-authored primary documents confirming combat employment, the commanding officer's name (corroborating the uboat.net order of battle), and the 7th Amphibious Force chain of command. No asbestos, material, or maintenance content. The Balikpapan report's ammunition table lists a 3"/50 gun that the published LCI(G) armament spec does not (see gaps). Malabang-Parang and Pulangi reports were read at first-page depth (report bodies continue on remaining images).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-04
-
[6]NARA, RG 24 Muster Rolls: 'LCI(L) 61 - Muster Rolls' NAID 120159784 (64 images, first muster dated 1942 November 12 - the commissioning date) and 'LCI(G) 61 - Muster Rolls' NAID 120159849 (71 images, first muster dated 1944 June 30); plus RG 38 'LCI-061 (LCI(G)-61)' file unit NAID 2760143 (Material Inspection Reports and Related Documentation series, 1940-1978, not digitized) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov/id/120159784, /id/120159849, /id/2760143, /id/77466913, /id/120302908, /id/139848531 (GR 45 9/44), /id/78712041 (GR 13 7/44), /id/77536773 (GR 45 11/44)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds digitized muster rolls for both of this hull's designations - 'LCI(L) 61' (64 images; the displayed first muster is dated 12 November 1942, the commissioning date) and 'LCI(G) 61' (71 images; displayed first muster 30 June 1944) - naming the enlisted complement across both eras. A second file unit, 'LCI-061 (LCI(G)-61)' (NAID 2760143) in the RG 38 Material Inspection Reports and Related Documentation series (1940-1978), exists as a paper copy at College Park but is not digitized - a material-condition record for this hull whose contents are unknown. Also digitized: CTU 78.2.8's own Balikpapan operations report (NAID 77466913, 14 images) and LCI(G) Group 45 muster rolls (NAID 120302908) plus COM LCI(G) GR 13 (Jul-Aug 1944) and COM LCI(G) GR 45 (Sep, Nov 1944) war diaries surfaced on hull-name search - probable post-conversion unit records.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- enlisted crew named in muster rolls (1942-45); embarked troops
- Limitations
- Archival leads: muster-roll content was verified only to the catalog's displayed first-muster dates (page images not read); the material-inspection file unit is undigitized and its contents are unverified - it may or may not describe hull materials. Group-45 assignment inference: the digitized COM LCI(G) GR 45 diaries surfaced on this hull's name but were not read; her gunboat-era group assignment is not independently confirmed here. No asbestos content asserted.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-05
-
[7]NARA Special List 44, List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 - 'by Ship Numbers' transcription PDF (NARA, author Sarah Swanson, 2015), PDF page 31 [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf (archives.gov/files/research/military/logbooks/), PDF page 31, line 'LCI-61 9/1/1944 6/30/1945'; digitized-status check via archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Special List 44's numbered-vessel inventory lists under 'LCI-61' a single logbook row spanning 9/1/1944 - 6/30/1945 (PDF text extraction verified). The listed coverage does not begin at her 12 November 1942 commissioning - no logbook covering November 1942 - August 1944 appears under 'LCI-61' in this inventory, and no post-June-1945 row is listed. The logbook is not among the deck logs NARA has digitized - the 'Navy Deck Logs Available Online' index contains only LCI-874 among LCI hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-09-01 to 1945-06-30 (log coverage)
- Population
- crew and embarked troops within the logged period
- Limitations
- The inventory establishes that a logbook for this hull exists in NARA custody - not its contents; the RG 24 logbook pages are an undigitized archival lead. The 9/1/1944 start is the coverage boundary of the listed logbook (the hull was in service from November 1942); the earlier logbooks' absence from this listing is unexplained - they may be filed under another heading, retained in the logbook series under a different volume, or not held. The 6/30/1945 end is a coverage boundary, not a decommissioning marker (she served to 1946).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-06
-
[8]NavalCoverMuseum (NHHC-affiliated postal-history wiki), LCI(G) 61 page - designation history and postmark inventory [other_primary]
- Locator
- navalcovermuseum.org/wiki/LCI(G)_61 designation table and postmark section (Locy 2z*, 1944-12-08)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Postal-history corroboration: the museum lists the designation sequence USS LCI(L)-61 (commissioned November 12 1942) -> USS LCI(G)-61 (reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Guns) June 15 1944), decommissioned and struck dates printed as unknown, transferred to the Maritime Commission and sold January 17 1951, fate unknown. One postmark documented: Locy Type 2z* dated 1944-12-08, 'As LCI(G)-61', censored wartime use, posted from another ship or station (the craft had no post office).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1951
- Population
- crew (Dec 1944 postal event)
- Limitations
- Secondary philatelic compilation consistent with NavSource; its struck-date field is blank where NavSource prints 25 February 1946 (variance carried in gaps). The December 1944 postmark documents the LCI(G) designation in postal use, not a location (censored wartime cover). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-07
-
[9]Shipbuilding History (T. Colton data), Consolidated Steel Corp. Orange TX yard table [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com Consolidated Orange yard table, LCI(L) 61 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Yard-table corroboration of builder: the Consolidated Orange construction list carries 'LCI(L) 61 - 260 t. - ordered 3-Jun-42 - delivered Dec-42 - Struck 1946' amid a block of LCI(L) 61-100-series hulls for the U.S. Navy. Yard context per the same source: Consolidated Steel developed the Orange yard for the war effort adjacent to the former Orange Car & Steel Co. tug/barge yard; postwar it became a U.S. Steel division, then Signal International, now Westport Orange.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942
- Population
- Consolidated Steel Orange construction trades (1942)
- Limitations
- Secondary compiled construction table (Colton data) - corroborates builder, contract date (3 Jun 1942, matching uboat.net), and 'Struck 1946'; its 'Dec-42' delivery column is month-granular and differs from the documented 12 Nov 1942 commissioning (delivery vs commissioning distinction unresolved - see gaps). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-08
-
[10]Amphibious Forces, U.S. Pacific Fleet, Transport Doctrine (Sept. 1944), Ch. II characteristics table (HyperWar transcript); ONI 226, Allied Landing Craft and Ships (Apr. 7, 1944) class entry (HyperWar PDF) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Transport Doctrine Ch. II characteristics table, LCI(L) 0-350 row and LCI(G) conversion paragraph; ONI 226 LCI(L) page
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy's own wartime references define the type this hull belongs to: ONI 226 (Apr. 7, 1944) carries the LCI(L) class entry; the Sept. 1944 transport-doctrine characteristics table gives the LCI(L) 0-350 group (this hull's configuration) as 160' length, 23' 3" beam, 238 tons, 12 knots, powered by eight 225-HP diesel engines, four 20mm guns, splinter armor, crew 3 officers + 25 enlisted, troops 6 officers + 182 enlisted for short hauls, 75 tons cargo. The doctrine chapter also notes the conversion 'of LCI(L)s into Gunboats, (LCI(G))' - 'with a very shallow draft, these LCI(G)s have proven extremely valuable' as close-support craft.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- class-level crews and embarked troops (1942-45)
- Limitations
- Class/era documentation - describes the type, not this hull; no materials or asbestos content. Doctrine figures differ from NavSource's spec block (crew 3+25 vs 3+21; eight 225-HP engines vs 1,600 bhp total - consistent at eight GM diesels, rating-framing variance in gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-09
-
[11]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block (diesel plant, no steam); Sept. 1944 transport-doctrine class characteristics (eight 225-HP diesels); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy-wide asbestos documentation (ev-11) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; Transport Doctrine Ch. II LCI(L) 0-350 row and LCI(G) conversion note; GAO HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered landing craft commissioned November 1942 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard small diesel combatants of the period were diesel exhaust and muffler lagging, engine-space thermal insulation, gaskets and valve packing, electrical insulation, and adhesives or deck compounds. She carried no steam plant in either configuration - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, and her asbestos footprint was materially smaller than a steam-driven ship's. The June 1944 LCI(G) conversion changed armament (rockets, heavier guns) not propulsion - no new lagging pathway is indicated by the located sources. Embarked troops transited typically for 48 hours or less per doctrine.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1951
- Population
- Consolidated Steel construction trades (1942); engine-room crew (1942-46); any disposal/shipbreaking workforce after the 1951 sale
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, conversion work package, or INSURV detail located for this hull (the undigitized material-inspection file unit NAID 2760143 is an open lead). Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-10
-
[12]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942) and service era (1942-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov blocks automated fetch (HTTP 403, standing limitation confirmed across batches); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-11
-
[13]Batch-5331 search ledger (this record): NavSource, uboat.net, NARA catalog (action reports, war diaries, muster rolls, material-inspection file unit), NARA Special List 44 PDF, NARA online-deck-log index, NHHC/DANFS, NavalCoverMuseum, shipbuildinghistory (Colton), HyperWar wartime doctrine, MARAD Vessel History Database, shipyards.json cross-check, CourtListener v4 opinions and RECAP dockets, Wikipedia redlink check, secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-01 through -17
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming LCI(L)-61 / LCI(G)-61 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener (authenticated, 2026-09-30): opinion searches "LCI(L)-61", "LCI(G)-61", "LCI(L) 61", and "LCI-61" asbestos each returned count 0; the RECAP docket index search "LCI-61" returned 2 hits, both name collisions - Thomas v. Nicholson (M.D. Ala. 2:05-cv-00437, employment discrimination; OCR noise match) and Thomas Weisel Partners v. BNP Paribas (N.D. Cal. 3:07-cv-06198, securities; 'LCI' matched a Law Commission of India exhibit) - no qualifying asbestos litigation. A final designation-variant docket query was fleet-pacing throttled; the negative on completed queries is documented, the remainder open. MARAD's Vessel History Database holds no card for this hull (the only LCI present is LCI(G)-190). No VA Board of Veterans' Appeals decision naming this hull was located in the secondary sweep, and no law-firm listicle specifically names this hull - marketing pages assert asbestos aboard LCI-class or amphibious ships generally without hull-level sourcing.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and small diesel landing craft carried materially less asbestos than steam-driven combatants, so a thinner record here is partly expected. The undigitized wartime logbook (9/1944-6/1945 coverage), the undigitized material-inspection file unit (NAID 2760143), and the Maritime Commission disposal jacket are the open primary leads; the litigation search is partially open (throttled variants). Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-61-lcil61-12