Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 450-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-634 (no name assigned)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-pkt-450-packet-md
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[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-634 (page 10/15/150634) - history, specification block, campaign table, awards, and captioned NARA photographs; page's stated source is USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II (Turner Publishing Co., 1995, ISBN 1-56311-262-0) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 10/15/150634 - chronology block, Asiatic-Pacific campaign table, specifications block, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LCI-351-class Landing Craft Infantry (Large). Laid down 18 May 1944 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Co., Barber, N.J.; launched 14 June 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-634, 20 June 1944. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater, LCI Flotilla Twenty-Four (CDR. A. Vernon Jannotta). Campaigns: Leyte operations - Leyte landings 28-29 November 1944; Consolidation and capture of the Southern Philippines - Mindanao Island landings, Zamboanga, 1 April 1945; Borneo operation - Tarakan Island 27 April-5 May 1945, Balikpapan 26 June-6 July 1945. Three battle stars for World War II service; ribbons shown also include the Philippine Presidential Unit Citation and Philippine Liberation Medal (2). Decommissioned in 1946; struck from the Naval Register 28 March 1946; sold 3 December 1946; final disposition unknown. Specification block: 158 ft 5.5 in, 23 ft 3 in beam; 236 t light / 419 t loaded; two sets of four GM '6051 series 71' diesels (four per shaft), GM reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; two diesel-drive 30 kW 120 V DC ship's-service generators; 16 kt max; complement 4 officers, 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers, 182 enlisted; five single 20 mm guns; 2-inch plastic splinter protection on gun turrets, conning tower and pilot house. Captioned photographs: with LCI(L)-636 and LCI(L)-621 approaching and beached at Zamboanga, Mindanao, 1 April 1945 (NARA photos 359831 and 359827); with LCI(L)-626, -625, and -1008 discharging personnel, date/location unknown.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Ship's company (4 officers/24 enlisted spec) plus embarked troops (up to 6 officers/182 enlisted)
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archival page quoting Navy sources; authoritative for identity, dates, and campaign table but contains no asbestos, insulation, or hazardous-material information. The Zamboanga date (1 April 1945) conflicts with the NAVPERS battle-star credit window for Mindanao landings (10-11 March 1945) - carried in gaps. No commanding officer or decommissioning detail is given.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-01
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[3]NARA Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number list, RG 24 deck logs) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 26, 'LCI(L)-634 6/20/1944 6/30/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Special List 44 (by ship number) lists Navy logbooks for LCI(L)-634 covering 20 June 1944 - 30 June 1945 - the commissioning date through mid-1945. The hull's deck logs are extant in NARA custody (RG 24, Bureau of Naval Personnel logbooks; post-1941 logs held at Archives II, College Park, MD).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (log coverage)
- Limitations
- Coverage endpoints are logbook-holding dates, not commissioning/decommissioning dates (the begin date coincides with commissioning because logs open at commissioning; the 30 June 1945 end is a coverage boundary, while NavSource records the craft in Borneo operations into July 1945). Logbooks not retrieved - contents unknown; not listed in NARA's completed-digitization index (navy-online page). Deck logs record operations and personnel, not materials or asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-02
-
[4]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton), 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) - LCI(L)' complete hull table; companion yard page 'New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ' [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm - row 'LCI(L) | 634 | New Jersey SB | Barber NJ | 20-Jun-44 | Sold 1946'; shipyards/emergencysmall/newjersey.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent compilation corroborates this hull: LCI(L)-634 built by New Jersey Shipbuilding, Barber NJ, delivered (commissioned) 20 June 1944, disposition 'Sold 1946' - the compilation uses a distinct 'to NDRF' notation for craft that passed to MARAD custody, which this row does not carry. Class context: 923 LCI(L)s built by ten U.S. yards. Yard context: New Jersey Shipbuilding was an LCI assembly-line yard on Arthur Kill at Barber (now part of Perth Amboy), managed by Todd Shipyards from 1942 at the Navy's request and dismantled after the war.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding yard workforce (approx. 2,500 at peak per HAER AK-52)
- Limitations
- Recognized secondary compilation, not a primary document; consistent with NavSource on every overlapping field (builder, 20 June 1944 delivery/commissioning, 1946 sale). Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-03
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[5]Third-party transcription of Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual NAVPERS 15,790 (Rev. 1953), WWII campaign/battle-star ship credits [other_primary]
- Locator
- officialmilitaryribbons.com tables 'LCI(L) 539 to LCI(L) 664' and 'LCI 627 to LCI 884' - LCI(L) 634 / LCI 634 rows
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NAVPERS 15,790 credits (as transcribed): under 'LCI(L) 634' - Leyte landings 28-29 November 1944 (code P31-1), Tarakan Island operation 27 April-5 May 1945 (P37-1), Balikpapan operation 26 June-6 July 1945 (P37-3); under the abbreviated designation 'LCI 634' on the companion table - Mindanao Island landings 10-11 March 1945 (P39-3). The engagement credits span three Asiatic-Pacific campaigns, consistent with the three battle stars NavSource records for this hull.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Limitations
- Secondary transcription of the official manual, not the manual itself - carried at partial verification. The 'LCI 634' Mindanao credit (10-11 March 1945, matching the actual Zamboanga assault date) conflicts with NavSource's per-hull table entry 'Zamboanga, 1 April 1945', which appears drawn from the 1 April 1945 NARA photograph dates; the discrepancy is carried in gaps rather than resolved. Transcription site is a commercial ribbon vendor - used only as a window onto the underlying NAVPERS document.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-04
-
[6]Historic American Engineering Record (NPS/LOC), HAER No. AK-52, 'M/V Husky II (USS LCI(L) 653) (USS Avocet)' - written historical and descriptive data, Michael R. Harrison, 2011 [haer]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 written data, pp. 2-15 (significance, construction, description, mechanical features)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- HAER documentation of sister hull LCI(L)-653 - same LCI(L)-351 class, same builder (New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber NJ; LCI(L)-653 was contract no. 1261 covering hulls 641-657, the block immediately following this hull's). Documents the type and its construction: BuShips/George Lawley & Son design; New Jersey Shipbuilding incorporated 1942 as a Barber Asphalt Corp. subsidiary, converted the idled Arthur Kill asphalt plant into an assembly-line LCI yard employing about 2,500, produced 375 LCI(L)s, and was managed by Todd Shipyards; hulls prefabricated as sections at a plant 14 miles away and assembled sequentially on the ways. Vessel configuration: ten watertight compartments; five troop/crew berthing compartments in the hull; midships deck house with officers' staterooms, galley, washrooms; powered by eight six-cylinder General Motors Series 71 diesels in quads, four per shaft, with variable-pitch propellers; five 20 mm guns; splinter protection was 2 inches of 'plastic' - crushed granite pebbles embedded in bitumen - not asbestos. The report contains no mention of asbestos anywhere in the hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (construction/commissioning era)
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding yard workers (approx. 2,500); wartime LCI(L) crews
- Limitations
- Documents the sister hull and the shared class/yard, not LCI(L)-634 itself - construction details are carried as class/era context only. Absence of the word 'asbestos' from the HAER survey of a near-identical sister hull is a weak negative signal, not proof that no asbestos-containing material was installed on this class. The report describes the vessel as modified for merchant service decades later; original-era materials may have been documented incompletely.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-05
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[7]Corn JK, Starr J. 'Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding.' Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987), DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700120402 - DOI verified resolving to Wiley onlinelibrary record; full text blocked to automated fetch (HTTP 403), abstract/metadata level consistent with prior batches
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed scholarship documents that WWII-era U.S. shipyards extensively installed asbestos-containing insulation, lagging, and gaskets in naval construction - the era in which this hull was built (1944). For a diesel-powered LCI(L) with no boilers, the era-relevant applications concentrate in diesel exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets and packing, deck coverings, and accommodation insulation; the craft's small size (158 ft, 28 crew) implies materially less insulated piping and berthing space than a steam combatant or LST.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1941-1945 (study scope); applied 1944-1946
- Population
- WWII-era shipyard workers (New Jersey Shipbuilding, 1944); wartime crew
- Limitations
- Era-level scholarship plus class/type inference; the source does not name this hull or class and does not establish that any specific material aboard this craft contained asbestos. No ship-specific product is verified; the diesel plant (no boilers, no steam piping runs) narrows the exposure-relevant scope relative to steam vessels.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program: standing policy (1975) removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or when required for repairs, modified in 1979 toward selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - meaning original-era insulation typically remained in place on active Navy hulls for decades.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review (not this hull)
- Limitations
- Program-level Navy documentation that never governed this hull: she was struck in March 1946 and sold in December 1946, decades before either policy existed. Context for the era fleet picture only. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403); content via product-page description, consistent with prior batches.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-07
-
[9]NARA record groups via Special List 44 and HAER AK-52 bibliography: RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel logbooks), RG 38 (Office of the Chief of Naval Operations - Flotilla 24 war diaries), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships General Correspondence) [other_primary]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 notes 29-30 (RG 38 box 1035; RG 19 box 467); NavSource photo captions (NARA 359831, 359827)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads not retrieved (research-room or reproduction order required; no spend authorized): LCI(L) Flotilla 24 war diaries December 1944-November 1945 covering this hull's parent unit (NARA RG 38, box 1035, per HAER AK-52 footnote 30); BuShips General Correspondence 1940-45 per-hull folders (RG 19 - HAER located the LCI(L) 653 folder at box 467; an analogous LCI(L)-634 folder may exist); NARA-held U.S. Navy photographs 359831 and 359827 showing this hull at Zamboanga, 1 April 1945 (cited on the NavSource page).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding. The RG 19 folder location is verified for the sister hull only; an LCI(L)-634 folder is inferred, not confirmed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-08
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[10]Batch-5358 search ledger (this record): NavSource 10/15/150634; NARA Special List 44 ship-number PDF; shipbuildinghistory LCI(L) table and New Jersey Shipbuilding yard page; NAVPERS 15,790 transcription; HAER AK-52 full text; NHHC/DANFS; CourtListener API v4 (partial - pacing blocks); USS LCI National Association site [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LCI(L)-634 was found in the public sources searched. No DANFS/NHHC entry exists for this numbered landing craft (live NHHC URL patterns return 404; DANFS never covered individual LCIs). CourtListener authenticated sweeps returned zero opinions and zero dockets for the quoted hull designation 'LCI(L)-634'; punctuation-variant sweeps were intermittently blocked by fleet-wide request pacing - see search_ledger for coverage. The sister-hull HAER survey (LCI(L)-653, same yard and class) makes no mention of asbestos.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-built naval craft is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials in engine-room and accommodation applications. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. Litigation coverage is partial: exact-designation CourtListener queries returned clean zeros while punctuation variants (e.g. 'LCI 634', 'LCI-634') could not all be completed under fleet rate pacing - logged in search_ledger; a plain '634' party-name search would collide with unrelated dockets and was not attempted.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-634-lcil634-09