Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet 450-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-635 (no name assigned)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-635-lcil635-pkt-450-packet-md
-
[2]NARA Special List No. 44, List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number PDF) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, p. 26, row 'LCI(L)-635 6/22/1944 6/30/1945' - verified via pdftotext -layout
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official NARA inventory of Navy logbooks lists deck logs for LCI(L)-635 covering 6/22/1944 through 6/30/1945 (PDF page 26 of the by-ship-number list). The coverage start date equals her commissioning date (22 June 1944 per NavSource/uboat.net). This is the wartime Navy's own log inventory establishing in-scope service for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06-22 to 1945-06-30
- Population
- wartime crew (1944-1945)
- Limitations
- Log coverage dates are not commissioning/decommissioning dates - they document that logs exist and the coverage window, not that service ended on 6/30/1945. The logs themselves are not digitized (NARA's digitized deck-log list contains no LCI hulls); they are RG 24 textual records at Archives II, College Park. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-635-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-635 - history credited on-page to 'USS LCI "Landing Craft Infantry", Vol. II, Turner Publishing Co., 1995' (USS LCI National Association volume) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150635.htm - class line, milestone chronology, flotilla assignment block, campaign table, awards block, specifications block, photo caption (page last updated 1 March 2024)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 19 May 1944 at New Jersey Shipbuilding Co., Barber, N.J.; launched 15 June 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-635 on 22 June 1944. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: 'LCI(L) Flotilla Twenty-Four CDR. A. Vernon Janaotta, USN; LCI(L) Group Seventy-Two LCDR. A.T. Baker, USNR'. Campaign credit: Borneo operation - Tarakan Island 27 April to 5 May 1945, and Balikpapan operation 26 June to 7 July 1945; one battle star for World War II service. Awards: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1), WWII Victory Medal. Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; transferred to the Maritime Commission 5 November 1947; final disposition 'fate unknown'. Specs: 236 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max, 14 kts maximum continuous; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; cargo 75 tons; armament five single 20mm; endurance 4,000 miles at 12 kts loaded; radio call sign NPLT; propulsion two sets of four GM 6051-series-71 diesels (four per shaft), single GM main reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp. Page hosts one photograph: Australian War Memorial photo 109777 captioned 'Australian troops of 2/13 Infantry Battalion have landed at Lutong, Borneo, as seen by the press ship USS LCI(L)-635 on 20 June 1945.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- NJ Shipbuilding construction trades (1944); crew 1944-on; embarked war correspondents (press-ship role, 1945); postwar caretaker/disposal population 1947
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - the cited underlying work is the USS LCI National Association's Turner Publishing history volume, not a Navy record. The flotilla/group attribution is not corroborated by the 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization document (which does not enumerate Flotilla 24 at all - see ev-05 and gaps); it is consistent with a Seventh Fleet assignment. 'Decommissioned, date unknown' and 'fate unknown' are carried verbatim - service status between the end of log coverage (6/30/1945) and the 5 November 1947 Maritime Commission transfer is undocumented. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-635-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships: USS LCI(L)-635 ship page (ship/21700) - build data and transcribed operational records for the Oboe landings [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21700 - built-by line, date table, 'Notable events' entries for 1 May 1945 (Oboe I), 8 May 1945 convoy, 10 Jun 1945 (Oboe VI), 1 Jul 1945 (Oboe II)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net independently confirms this hull: built by New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. (Barber, New Jersey); laid down 19 May 1944; launched 15 Jun 1944; commissioned 22 Jun 1944. Its transcribed operational records document her Press Unit assignment across the Seventh Fleet Borneo landings under commanding officer Lt. H. Hopkins, USNR: (1) Operation Oboe I, Tarakan landings, 1 May 1945 - 'Task Group 78.1.7 was the Press Unit, which was made up of the patrol vessel USS PCE(R)-849 (Lt. C. Sanders, USNR), USS LCI(L)-635 (Lt. H. Hopkins, USNR) and the small army cargo ship FP 47'; (2) 8 May 1945 - CTG 78.1.96 (six LSTs, USS LCI(L)-635, LCI(L)-961, LCI(L)-985, LCI(L)-1000, LCI(L)-1071, and tugs) departed Tarakan for Morotai; (3) Operation Oboe VI, Brunei landings, 10 June 1945 - 'Task Unit 78.1.74 was the Press Unit and was made up of the patrol vessel USS PCE(R)-849 (Lt. C. Sanders, USNR), USS LCI(L)-635 (Lt. H. Hopkins, USNR) and the small army cargo ship FP 47'; (4) Operation Oboe II, Balikpapan landings, 1 July 1945 - 'TG 78.2.16 was the Press Unit, made up of the USS LCI(L)-635 (Lt. H. Hopkins, USNR) and the small army cargo ship FP 47.' The flotilla flagship line in the Oboe I order of battle names USS LCI(L)-624 carrying 'COMLCIFLOT 24, Cdr. A.V. Jannotta, USNR' - corroborating the Flotilla Twenty-Four attribution NavSource carries.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- crew under Lt. H. Hopkins USNR; embarked war correspondents and press-unit companions PCE(R)-849/FP 47 (1945)
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a volunteer secondary compilation of official operational records (war diaries/operation orders) - the build dates and event transcriptions corroborate other sources but are not presented here as primary records. The page lists no commands and gives no end-service or disposal data for this hull. The 'Lt. H. Hopkins, USNR' commanding-officer naming rests solely on this transcription - no crew roster or muster corroboration located. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-635-03
-
[5]Australian War Memorial collection record, photograph 109777 - 'LUTONG, BORNEO. 20 JUNE 1945. TROOPS OF 2/13 INFANTRY BATTALION LANDED AT LUTONG...' [museum_official]
- Locator
- awm.gov.au/collection/109777 - description field, subjects 'Journalists'/'Landing craft infantry'; public-domain image
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The Australian War Memorial's official collection record for photograph 109777 documents this hull by number in her press-ship role: 'LUTONG, BORNEO. 20 JUNE 1945. TROOPS OF 2/13 INFANTRY BATTALION LANDED AT LUTONG, THEIR OBJECTIVE BEING THE CAPTURE OF OIL INSTALLATIONS AND REFINERIES. SHOWN, VIEW FROM THE "PRESS SHIP", LANDING CRAFT, INFANTRY (LCI) 635. NOTE OIL TANK BURNING FURIOUSLY ON MAINLAND.' The record's subject tags include 'Journalists' and 'Landing craft infantry'; places: Borneo, Brunei Bay Area, Lutong; Sarawak. This is a national-collection record - an official corroboration of the Press Unit assignment the uboat.net operational transcriptions describe.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-06-20
- Population
- crew and embarked war correspondents at Lutong, 20 June 1945
- Limitations
- Documents the press-ship role and Lutong presence on 20 June 1945 - a physical-presence and function record, not a construction, material, or exposure record. The photo is taken FROM LCI 635's deck, not OF her; it does not show the hull's material condition. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-635-04
-
[6]HyperWar/ibiblio transcription, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (NHHC online reading room document) [other_primary]
- Locator
- HyperWar PacFleet Org 1 May 1945, 'LANDING CRAFT FLOTILLAS, PACIFIC FLEET' / 'LCI FLOTILLA' sections - Flotilla 24 and Group 72 absent from all enumerations
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Pacific Fleet organization of 1 May 1945 does NOT enumerate LCI Flotilla Twenty-Four or LCI Group Seventy-Two - the LCI flotillas listed are 3, 5, 6, 13, 14, 16, 19, 21, and 23 - and hull 635 appears nowhere in the document. That absence is consistent with the theater boundary: on 1 May 1945 this hull was at Tarakan under the Seventh Fleet's amphibious force for Operation Oboe I (Rear-Admiral F. B. Royal's TG 78.1; Vice-Admiral D. E. Barbey's TG 78.2 held the Balikpapan attack group in July), per the operational records in ev-03 - Seventh Fleet landing craft were organized under the Southwest Pacific command, not Cincpac's Pacific Fleet.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Limitations
- Non-appearance is documented and explained only to the consistency level: the org doc is a Cincpac Pacific Fleet snapshot and Seventh Fleet amphibious units were outside it. Whether the NavSource/Turner 'Flotilla Twenty-Four / Group Seventy-Two' attribution held for the hull's whole Pacific service - or only the Borneo period - is not established by any located source. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-635-05
-
[7]Naval Marine Archive (shipbuildinghistory-derived), New Jersey Shipbuilding Corp., Barber NJ - yard delivery table [other_primary]
- Locator
- newjersey.html yard table, row 'LCI(L) | 635 | US Navy | Landing Craft | Jun-44 | Struck 1946'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The yard delivery table lists 'LCI(L) | 635 | US Navy | Landing Craft | Jun-44 | Struck 1946' - corroborating a June 1944 delivery (consistent with the 22 June 1944 commissioning). Its 'Struck 1946' entry conflicts with NavSource's 'date unknown' striking and predates NavSource's 5 November 1947 Maritime Commission transfer - a disposal-sequence tension carried in gaps.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944; 1946-1947
- Population
- NJ Shipbuilding construction trades (1944)
- Limitations
- Secondary shipbuilding-history compilation (Naval Marine Archive mirror of shipbuildinghistory-derived tables; the same row appears verbatim on shipbuildinghistory.com). A delivery-table row corroborates dates but is not a construction or material record; 'Struck 1946' may reflect the yard table's batch convention rather than a hull-specific striking date. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-635-06
-
[8]HyperWar/ibiblio, 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 - Landing Ships and Craft' (LCI(L)-351 class roster and class specification block) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-lc.html - 'LCI(L)-351 Class' section, class spec bullets and roster row 'LCI(L)-610-664'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The HyperWar LCI(L)-351 class roster lists hull 635 inside its generic 'LCI(L)-610-664' range row, commissioned 1942-44, no notes - a bare listing corroborating that the hull number belonged to the LCI-351 production series. Its class block documents the type: 385 t. full load, 160'4", 23'3" beam, 15.5 kts, 5x20mm, complement 4 officers/25 enlisted, capacity 9 officers/200 enlisted or 75 tons cargo, 2 sets G.M. diesel engines, twin variable-pitch screws, 1600 BHP.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- HyperWar is a transcription/compilation host; the roster row is a range listing, not a hull-specific entry. The class block's displacement (385 t), length (160'4"), speed (15.5 kts), complement (4+25), troop capacity (9+200), and power (1600 BHP) differ from NavSource's hull-specific figures (419 t loaded, 158'5.5", 16 kts, 4+24, 6+182, 2,320 shp) - spec variance noted in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-635-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications for this hull (two sets of 4 GM 6051-series-71 diesels, 4 per shaft, 2,320 shp, twin variable-pitch screws - diesel plant, no steam); HyperWar LCI(L)-351 class block; uboat.net LCI 351 class table; GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy asbestos-use era, see ev-09) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150635.htm specifications block; uboat.net ship/21700; HyperWar ships-lc.html LCI(L)-351 class block; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered landing craft built May-June 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a craft of this type and period were diesel engine and exhaust lagging, machinery-space thermal insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and winch brake linings. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- NJ Shipbuilding construction trades (1944); crew 1944-on; embarked war correspondents (1945); postwar disposal workforce (1947)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, conversion record, or underway-maintenance record located for LCI(L)-635. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution, no statement about what (if anything) remained aboard at disposal. The 1944 build at a small emergency landing-craft yard (not a Navy shipyard) may carry a different material profile than major-yard combatants - direction of difference unestablished.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-635-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (abstract text; direct fetch blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships; its 1975 policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for necessary repairs, modified in 1979 to include selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. GAO's fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards - neither is this hull's builder (a civilian emergency landing-craft yard). Product page retrieved via Firecrawl 2026-09-30; direct curl fetch returns HTTP 403 (standing access defect, same as Batches 01 and 98).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-635-09
-
[11]Batch-5359 search ledger (this record): NARA Special List 44; NavSource; uboat.net; Australian War Memorial; NHHC (DANFS absent; Pacific Fleet organization 1 May 1945); HyperWar roster + PacFleet org transcription + CTF-122 Normandy casualty table; Naval Marine Archive yard table; U.S. Navy Memorial Navy Log; CourtListener opinion + docket searches; secondary web asbestos sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-635-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-635-14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming LCI(L)-635 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener authenticated API v4 searches for 'LCI(L)-635' OR 'LCI-635' OR 'LCIL-635' returned zero hits on both the opinion side and the docket/RECAP side on 2026-09-30 - a clean negative, not a blocked query. The only 'asbestos aboard' material surfaced is law-firm marketing content for the LCI/amphibious type generally, asserting asbestos on Navy ships without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era inference is consistent with retained era materials during service, and the undigitized RG 24 deck logs (6/22/1944-6/30/1945) are an open archival lead. A clean CourtListener result covers only cases the repository has indexed; pre-digitization-era or unindexed maritime/state filings would not appear. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-635-10
-
[12]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-635 (LST-542 class) page - same-number collision documentation; NARA Special List 44 same-number rows [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160635.htm (LST-635 history and CO table); HyperWar PacFleet Org 1 May 1945 'DE 635 ENGLAND' row; sl-44-ship-number.pdf rows for LST-635 (p. ~34), SC-635, YP-635; CTF-122-Damages.html casualty table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- CORRECTION: '635' collisions are real and materially different hulls. LST-635 (LST-542-class tank landing ship, Chicago Bridge & Iron, Seneca, IL; commissioned 26 August 1944) also served in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater with one battle star, then occupation and China service, decommissioned 7 June 1946 and transferred to the State Department 19 July 1946 - a different builder, disposal path, and end-date from this hull's 5 November 1947 Maritime Commission transfer. DE-635 (USS England, Buckley-class destroyer escort) appears in the 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization document; SC-635 (logs 10/23/1942-9/30/1945) and YP-635 (logs 5/3/1945-11/30/1945) share Special List 44 with this hull. Any China-service, occupation-duty, or 1946 State Department disposition attribution to bare '635' absent an LCI(L) qualifier is a hull-number collision, not this vessel.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Limitations
- Collision-disambiguation finding only. The CTF-122 Operation Neptune sunk-and-damaged casualty table (HyperWar transcription) contains no '635' of any type (checked 2026-09-30) - no Normandy-loss misattribution exists for this number. Both LCI(L)-635 and LST-635 carried one Asiatic-Pacific battle star - the highest collision risk is Pacific-side award attribution. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-635-11