Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]research packet 453-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: LCI(L)-651 (never named; no later name recorded)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-651-lcil651-pkt-453-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(R)-651 ex USS LCI(L)-651 (10/15/150651.htm) - construction, commissioning, reclassification, campaign assignments, awards, specifications, disposal (page history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150651.htm header block, campaign table, and specifications block (verified live 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 9 June 1944 at New Jersey Ship Building Corp., Barber, N.J.; launched 11 July 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-651 18 July 1944, J. W. Sullivan USNR in command; reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Rocket) LCI(R)-651 15 March 1945. Asiatic-Pacific Theater assignments: LCI Flotilla Sixteen (CDR C. E. Coffin USN), LCI Group Forty-Eight (LCDR F. Thompson Jr. USNR), LCI Division Ninety-Six. Campaigns: Iwo Jima operation (assault and occupation, 19-26 February 1945); Okinawa Gunto operation (26 March - 30 June 1945); Minesweeping operations-Pacific (Sasebo 9-13 September 1945, Arcadia 1-5 September 1945, Klondike 27-31 October 1945). Occupation duty in the Far East 2 September - 24 November 1945. Decommission and Naval Register strike dates not recorded ('date unknown'). Three battle stars for WWII service. Transferred to the Maritime Commission 12 May 1947 for disposal; final disposition fate unknown.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Construction trades (New Jersey Ship Building Corp., Barber NJ, 1944); crew 3 officers + 21 enlisted (LCI(L)) / 31 enlisted (LCI(R)); embarked troops up to 6 officers + 182 enlisted
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; contains no asbestos or material content. NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its LCI history derives from the Turner Publishing USS LCI volume (1995). Page photo captions caption her as 'LCI(R)-651' at the Maui rehearsal for the Iwo Jima landings while the timeline dates formal reclassification 15 March 1945 (after Iwo Jima) - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-651-lcil651-01
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[3]NavSource LCI(R)-651 page, embedded Task Group 52.20 target chart (image 1015102450) credited to LCDR Gary Frogner USN Ret. for ENS Louis Frogner USNR, Engineering Officer LCI(R)-1024 - Okinawa L-Day LCI(R) disposition [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150651.htm photo-caption block: TG 52.20.2 chart, Maui rehearsal photo 1015065102, NARA-image Okinawa photo 1015065101
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- A contemporaneous chart of LCI(R) rocket targets for L-Day of Operation Iceberg (invasion of Okinawa) places USS LCI(R)-651 in Task Group 52.20.2 on the South Flank, alongside LCI(R)-708, LCI(R)-1028, LCI(R)-1029, LCI(R)-1030, and LCI(R)-1078; the group belonged to Flotilla SIXTEEN (CDR C. E. Coffin Jr.), Task Group 52.20, 36 LCI(R)s total. Page photography also documents the hull with Pacific Fleet Amphibious Force units at Maui rehearsing for the Iwo Jima landings and off Okinawa (US National Archives image).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- LCI(R)-651 crew (3 officers, 31 enlisted) during Okinawa Gunto
- Limitations
- Operational-presence documentation only: places this hull in the Okinawa rocket-bombardment organization and at the Maui rehearsal; establishes no material or exposure fact. The Maui photo caption styles her 'LCI(R)-651' though the formal reclassification date on the same page is 15 March 1945, after the February Iwo Jima assault window - treated as a caption convention for the later designation, not evidence of earlier conversion.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-651-lcil651-02
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[4]ShipbuildingHistory (Tim Colton compilation), 'Landing Craft, Infantry (Large) LCI(L)' production table + New Jersey Shipbuilding yard page (navalmarinearchive.com mirror text): yard history and hull delivery/disposition row for 651 [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm row for hull 651 (verified live 2026-09-30); yard narrative at navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/shipyards/emergencysmall/newjersey.html
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Yard and disposition corroboration: New Jersey Shipbuilding at Barber NJ (Arthur Kill; site later absorbed into Perth Amboy as the Maurer section) was an assembly-line yard for LCIs, managed by Todd Shipyards from 1942 at the Navy's request and closed after the war. The production table row for hull 651 lists builder New Jersey SB, Barber NJ, delivery 18-Jul-44 (the commissioning date), and disposition 'To NDRF 1947' - i.e., the National Defense Reserve Fleet, consistent with NavSource's 12 May 1947 Maritime Commission transfer.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding construction trades (1944); NDRF fleet maintenance/custody crews (1947+)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation, not a primary registry; corroborates the builder, delivery date, and 1947 fleet transfer. 'To NDRF 1947' and the Maritime Commission disposal cannot both be fully resolved from these sources alone - the NDRF was operated by the Maritime Commission, so the rows are consistent but the hull's fate after NDRF entry is unrecorded. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-651-lcil651-03
-
[5]Historic American Engineering Record, LCI(L)-713, HAER No. OR-180 (National Park Service, 2012; historian Justine Christianson) - documentation of the preserved LCI-351-class sister hull [haer]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 written data pages 1-3 (Description, Historical Information)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Class documentation for the LCI-351 type: Bureau of Ships design; welded 1/4-inch steel plate construction; two decks with troop compartments forward and an engine room containing four pairs of General Motors 6-71 diesel engines (eight total) coupled to two shafts and variable-pitch propellers; 158'5.5" x 23'3", 387-389 tons loaded, 16 knots; approximately 1,051 ships of the type constructed in ten different shipyards during WWII. LCI(L)-651 is one of the class built at the New Jersey Shipbuilding yard, Barber NJ.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944 design era; HAER documentation 2012
- Population
- LCI-351-class crews and builders generally (context)
- Limitations
- Class-level record for a sister hull (LCI(L)-713), not this hull: establishes the type's design, construction method, and diesel propulsion plant; contains no asbestos or insulation-materials content and names no ship-specific material for hull 651. Does not establish materials aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-651-lcil651-04
-
[6]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block (eight GM diesels, no steam plant); HAER OR-180 class documentation (welded steel, diesel plant); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-program coverage (see ev-06) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; HAER OR-180 description; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A welded-steel diesel landing craft built June-July 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era (GAO: asbestos insulation used extensively aboard Navy ships until substitution began in the early 1970s). Era-standard asbestos-relevant applications aboard a small diesel craft of this type and period were engine-exhaust lagging, machinery-space thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation. As a diesel craft she carried no boilers - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- New Jersey Shipbuilding trades (1944); crew (1944-46); NDRF/disposal workers (1947+)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LCI(L)-651, and the HAER class documentation does not address insulation materials. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution. LCIs were austere wartime-expedient construction; the scope of any insulation aboard is undocumented.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-651-lcil651-05
-
[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403, 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and service era (1944-46) plus its 1947 disposal pathway.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed again 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-651-lcil651-06
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[8]Batch-5377 search ledger (this record): NavSource; uboat.net; ShipbuildingHistory live + Naval Marine Archive yard mirror; HAER OR-180 (LCI(L)-713); NARA deck-log index; NHHC DANFS URL check (no entry); CourtListener authenticated opinion search (0 results); CourtListener RECAP docket search (blocked); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-651-lcil651-01 through -09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed/opinion-level case naming USS LCI(L)-651 / LCI(R)-651 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion index returned zero results across all name variants (authenticated, 2026-09-30). CAVEAT: the RECAP docket index could not be queried this session - repeated fleet-wide pacing responses; logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result. The only 'asbestos aboard LCI' material found is law-firm marketing content asserting asbestos on landing craft generally without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. The RECAP docket index is a genuine open gap (blocked, not negative). NARA deck logs for this hull are undigitized; Maritime Commission/NDRF disposal records and any scrapping-contract records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-651-lcil651-07