Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 456-packet.md (6 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-668. Hull: LCI(L)-668. Designation: LCI(L) (Landing Craft Infantry (Large)). Type: Landing Craft Infantry. Class: LCI(L)-351 class (351-series hull; class attribution is mirror-sourced, not per-hull verified).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-668-lcil668-pkt-456-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-668 - construction milestones, campaign record, specifications, Project Hula transfer, awards (page live-verified 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150668.htm header block, campaign table, and specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 15 March 1944 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; launched 22 March 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-668, 29 March 1944 (LCI-351 class). Assigned to the Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater; campaign credit 'Invasion of Southern France, 15 August to 25 September 1944'; awarded one battle star for World War II service. Decommissioned and transferred under Project Hula to the Soviet Union at Cold Bay, AK, 10 June 1945, designated Soviet landing ship DS-41; as DS-41 participated in the Soviet invasion of the Japanese Kuril Islands 18 August - 1 September 1945; 'Returned to US Naval custody in 1955 and struck from the Naval Register. Final Disposition, fate unknown.' Spec block: 246 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; two sets of 4 GM diesels (4 per shaft), BHP 1,600, twin variable-pitch propellers; 2" plastic splinter protection on gun tubs, conning tower and pilothouse.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1956
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1944); commissioned crew (1944-45); embarked troops (Aug 1944 landings); Soviet crew (1945-56)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry; its history for this hull is credited to 'USS LCI Landing Craft Infantry, Vol. II' (Turner Publishing, 1995). Milestone dates agree with uboat.net and shipbuildinghistory (Colton). The 1955 return/striking statement conflicts with the NHHC-published Project HULA appendix ('1956-stricken') - see gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-668-01
-
[3]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LCI(L)-668 (LCI(L)-668) - ship record and Convoy UGS-41 event entries [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21733.html, 'Notable events' entries for 3 May 1944 (convoy UGS 41) and 24 May 1944 (arrived Bizerta)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Convoy record for this hull: LCI(L)-668 (Lt.(jg) J.B. Snapp, USNR) was one of the LCI(L)s of convoy UGS-41, which departed Hampton Roads 3 May 1944 escorted by Task Force 62, and arrived at Bizerta from convoy UGS-41 on 24 May 1944 - the passage that took this hull to the Mediterranean for the Southern France landings. Ship table: built by George Lawley & Sons, Neponset MA; laid down 15 Mar 1944; launched 22 Mar 1944; commissioned 29 Mar 1944; end service 10 Jun 1945; 'Transferred to the USSR 10 June 1945.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-05-03 to 1944-05-24
- Population
- Commissioned crew under Lt.(jg) J.B. Snapp, USNR (May 1944 crossing)
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a volunteer secondary compilation derived from convoy records (Arnold Hague database lineage); it names Lt.(jg) Snapp as the officer in command on the UGS-41 crossing - it does not establish his full command tenure. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-668-02
-
[4]NARA Special List 44, 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947' (Bradley, Kurtz, et al., 1978) - ship-number list, PDF page 27 [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 27, line 'LCI(L)-668 3/29/1944 6/8/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's finding aid lists deck-log holdings for LCI(L)-668: log coverage 3/29/1944 - 6/8/1945 - spanning the hull's entire U.S. commissioned career, from commissioning day to two days before the Project Hula transfer on 10 June 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-03-29 to 1945-06-08
- Population
- Commissioned crew (1944-45) - log-subject population
- Limitations
- Finding aid lists the existence and date-span of physical logbooks held at Archives II (College Park), not their contents; the logs themselves are not digitized in the National Archives Catalog (only one LCI entry, Kestrel/LCI-874, appears on the digitized-logs index). Log-coverage endpoints are not assumed to be commissioning/decommissioning dates, though here they bracket the documented dates within days. No asbestos content - logs are the undigitized lead for daily activity, drydock, and casualty entries.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-668-03
-
[5]Richard A. Russell, 'Project HULA: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan' (Naval Historical Center, Washington, 1997; ISBN 0-945274-35-1) - Appendix, 'U.S. Navy Combatant Ships Transferred to the USSR Under Project HULA, May-September 1945' [other_primary]
- Locator
- Russell, Project HULA (NHC 1997), appendix table, p. 39 of the PDF (printed pp. 38-39); program-level return narrative at PDF pp. 34-35 / Wikipedia-consistent text
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Naval Historical Center's official history of Project HULA lists in its transfer appendix: 'LCI(L) 668 - DS-41,' transfer date carried in the 10 June 1945 group, disposition '1956-stricken.' The same appendix records that five transferred LCI(L)s were 1945 combat losses (DS-1, DS-5, DS-9, DS-43, DS-47) - DS-41 is not among them, consistent with NavSource's report that she took part in the Kuril Islands operation and survived it.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-1956
- Population
- Soviet DS-41 crew (1945-56); U.S.-Soviet transfer personnel at Cold Bay (June 1945)
- Limitations
- The appendix's '1956-stricken' disposition conflicts with NavSource's 'returned to US Naval custody in 1955 and struck' - unresolved; the program-level history elsewhere records that only 15 of the 30 transferred LCI(L)s were physically returned in 1955, with non-returned hulls sold for scrap in the USSR or destroyed in Soviet waters under U.S. observation, some after merely administrative transfer to U.S. custody. The appendix's OCR in the hosted PDF is imperfect ('srricken'), but the table position and meaning are unambiguous. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-668-04
-
[6]U.S. National Archives photo III-SC 192652 (Box 222, U.S. Army Signal Corps collection) and NARA NAID 24198 / local ID 111-ADC-10436 (film 'Invasion of Southern France'), transcribed in NavSource photo captions [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150668.htm image captions 1015066801/1015066802 (NARA III-SC 192652; NAID 24198 / 111-ADC-10436)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA-held photography documents this hull in action: U.S. Army Signal Corps photo III-SC 192652 shows 'USS LCI(L)-668 and USS LCI(L)-592 along with other LCIs disembark[ing] US Army Third Division troops across Red Beach during the initial landings of the Invasion of Southern France, 15 August 1944'; footage from NARA film NAID 24198 (111-ADC-10436) shows LCI(L)-592 with other LCIs at Red Beach (Cavalaire-sur-Mer) the same day. Physical-presence documentation placing the hull on Red Beach on D-Day of Operation Dragoon.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-08-15
- Population
- Commissioned crew (~28) plus embarked U.S. Army 3rd Division troops (up to ~188) at the Red Beach landing
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the NARA catalog is JS-rendered and could not be fetched directly this session; photo identifiers and captions are transcribed from the NavSource page. Photographs establish presence and operation, not materials or conditions aboard. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-668-05
-
[7]MIT Museum, McInnis-Lawley Collection - George Lawley & Son shipyard history and plans archive (archived copy; live page rate-limited automated fetch, HTTP 429, 2026-09-30) [museum_official]
- Locator
- Wayback capture 2025-02-08 of mitmuseum.mit.edu/collections/collection/mcinnis-lawley-collection (live page HTTP 429 to automated fetch); corroborating org page mitmuseum.mit.edu/collections/organization/1754
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- MIT Museum documents the builder: George Lawley & Son operated at Neponset, MA from 1909 until closing in 1946 after producing 'hundreds of ships for the World War II effort'; the museum's organization page adds that the yard built both wood and steel vessels, including 'dozens of World War II landing craft.' The McInnis-Lawley collection holds ~1,700 plan sheets covering ~150 Lawley designs (plus a small Lawley-family photo/document collection) - the extant design archive for the yard that built this hull and is credited in secondary literature as the LCI(L) program's primary design yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- George Lawley & Son construction trades (1942-45 LCI(L)/LCS(L) production)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation: MIT's page does not name LCI(L)-668 or any individual hull, and the collection's design-number catalog was not checked hull-by-hull - whether Lawley's own LCI(L)-351-class plans survive there is an open archival lead. The 'primary design yard' characterization rests on secondary literature (Wikipedia's George Lawley & Son article); MIT confirms the landing-craft production and the plan archive. No asbestos content - the collection documents design/construction, not materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-668-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire 1944 construction and 1944-45 U.S. service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (report); 1944 construction era referenced
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull - and the era program speaks principally to steam-plant and pipe insulation on larger vessels, while this diesel landing craft's asbestos-relevant systems were smaller-scale. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-668-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI(L)-351-class spec block (twin GM diesel banks, no steam plant); Wikipedia/shipbuildinghistory LCI(L) class data (923 built by 10 yards; Detroit Diesel 6051 quad-71 plant); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-use era documentation [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150668.htm specifications block; shipbuildinghistory lcil.htm (Wayback capture 2010-05-27); GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A 158-foot diesel-powered landing craft built March 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a diesel craft of this type and period were diesel-exhaust and engine-silencer lagging, machinery thermal insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and winch/windlass brake linings - all in a small, poorly ventilated hull. As a diesel vessel she carried no boilers or steam plant: the boiler/turbine lagging pathway that dominates steam-ship exposure does not apply, and total asbestos tonnage aboard would have been far below that of a combatant steam vessel.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1956
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Mar 1944); commissioned crew (1944-45); embarked troops (transient); Soviet crew (1945-56); disposal workers (c.1955-56)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or test record located for LCI(L)-668, and no asbestos-specific construction data for the LCI(L)-351 design was located at all. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution, no fiber-content verification for this hull or its class.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-668-08
-
[10]Batch-5395 search ledger (this record): NavSource hull page; uboat.net convoy record; NARA Special List 44 ship-number PDF (p.27); NHHC Russell Project HULA appendix; NARA photo captions (JS-gated catalog); shipbuildinghistory via Wayback; MIT Museum; DANFS index; CourtListener API v4 (opinion and docket indexes); secondary web sweep; GAO product page [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-668-01 through -18
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, material list, or docketed case naming LCI(L)-668 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener returned zero results for 'LCI(L)-668', 'LCI-668', 'LCI(L) 668', and 'LCI 668' in the opinion index, for 'LCI(L)-668' and 'LCI-668' in the docket (RECAP) index, and for 'George Lawley' asbestos in opinions (builder-yard context); no DANFS entry exists for this hull (only later-named LCIs received entries); the NARA deck logs (1944-03-29 to 1945-06-08 coverage) are undigitized. The only 'asbestos aboard LCI(L)' material on the open web is law-firm marketing content (mesotheliomaguide.com, asbestos-ships.com, mesotheliomaveterans.org) asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy. Two residual spaced-variant docket queries could not be run this session - fleet-wide pacing budget spent; logged as blocked in the search ledger, not as negative results.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull's short wartime career, numbered-craft status, Soviet transfer, and undocumented disposal leave thin record coverage. Two spaced-variant docket queries remain unrun (paced, not negative); hull-name coverage is otherwise complete on both indexes. Deck logs at NARA College Park and the McInnis-Lawley plan archive at MIT are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-668-09