Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 456-packet.md (5 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-671. Hull: LCI(L)-671. Designation: LCI(L) (Landing Craft Infantry (Large)). Type: Landing Craft Infantry. Class: LCI(L)-351 class (351-series hull; mirror-sourced).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-671-lcil671-pkt-456-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-671 - construction milestones, campaign record, Project Hula transfer, specifications, and NARA-captioned photographs (history credited to 'USS LCI "Landing Craft Infantry",' Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150671.htm - header block, campaign table, transfer narrative, specifications block, and photo captions (Bizerte May 1944; Naples 24 Jul 1944; Kodiak-Cold Bay 7 Jul 1945)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 24 March 1944 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; launched 30 March 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-671, 6 April 1944; international radio call sign NPSQ. WWII service in the Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater: 'Invasion of southern France, 15 August to 20 September 1944'; one battle star for WWII service; awards line shows American Campaign Medal, EAME Campaign Medal (1 star), Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal. Photographic record places this hull moored at Bizerte, Tunisia, circa May 1944; embarking 30th Infantry, 3rd Division troops for practice landings near Naples, Italy, 24 July 1944 (US Army Signal Corps photo III-SC-192675); and proceeding in column Kodiak-to-Cold Bay, Alaska, 7 July 1945 with LCI(L)-525 and LCI(L)-551, 'three of the LCI's slated for lend-lease to the Soviet Navy' (NARA photo via 'The Elsie Item,' Sept. 1999). Specifications: 246 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; 158' 5.5"; beam 23' 3"; 16 kts max; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; propulsion 'two sets of 4 GM Diesels, 4 per shaft, BHP 1,600, twin variable pitch propellers'; five single 20mm guns.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Lawley & Sons construction trades (Mar-Apr 1944); ship's company 4+24 (Apr 1944-Jul 1945); embarked troops (up to ~188)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestones generally track NVR/DANFS but its 'Returned to US Naval custody in 1955 / fate unknown' line for this hull is contradicted by the NHHC Project Hula monograph (see ev-05 correction). No asbestos content anywhere on the page.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-671-lcil671-01
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[3]National Archives, Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 - ship-number list, LCI(L) section [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, p. 27 of the ship-number PDF ('LCI(L)-671 ... 4/6/1944 ... 7/28/1945' row)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds deck logs for LCI(L)-671 covering 4/6/1944 through 7/28/1945 - a span matching her entire U.S. commissioned service (commissioned 6 April 1944; decommissioned/transferred to the Soviet Navy 29 July 1945). The logs are the surviving primary record of her operations including the southern France invasion and the Alaska transit; they are also the natural first place to check for any material/work documentation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-04-06 to 1945-07-28
- Population
- Ship's company recorded in logs (1944-45)
- Limitations
- Log-coverage endpoints are records-holdings dates, not commissioning or decommissioning dates (here they happen to align within one day with both). Special List 44 is a 1978-era finding aid; the logs are physical holdings not digitized online - LCI(L)-671 does not appear on NARA's digitized-deck-logs list. No asbestos content in the finding aid itself.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-671-lcil671-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LCI(L)-671 (LCI(L)-671) - milestone table and Convoy UGS-41 sailing record [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/21736.html - milestone table and 'Notable events' (3 May 1944 Convoy UGS-41; 24 May 1944 detachment listing)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net records this hull under Lt.(jg) J.H. Carmona, USNR, sailing in Convoy UGS-41 out of Hampton Roads on 3 May 1944 - a large convoy of merchant transports plus naval auxiliaries (Chepachet, Merak, Betelgeuse) and 16 LCI(L)s (LCI(L)-562, -563, -581 through -586, -664 through -671), escorted by Task Force 62 (USCGC Spencer, destroyers Paul Jones/Barker/Bulmer, and CortDiv 15 destroyer escorts). The LCIs detached to Bizerte on 24 May 1944 - consistent with the NavSource Bizerte mooring photograph (~May 1944) and subsequent staging for the southern France invasion. Milestone table: built by George Lawley & Sons, Neponset MA; launched 30 Mar 1944; commissioned 6 Apr 1944; end service 29 Jul 1945, 'Transferred to the USSR'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- May 1944
- Population
- Ship's company under Lt.(jg) J.H. Carmona USNR; UGS-41 convoy population
- Limitations
- Secondary specialist compilation (volunteer-maintained wartime-events database); convoy participation is well documented but uboat.net gives 'laid down 22 Mar 1944' vs NavSource's 24 March - variant carried in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-671-lcil671-03
-
[5]ShipbuildingHistory.com (T. Colton), Landing Craft Infantry LCI(L) production table - builder, location, delivery, disposition rows [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/lcil.htm - LCI(L) table rows 671-672
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent production-table corroboration: 'LCI(L) 671 | Lawley & Sons | Neponset MA | 6-Apr-44 | To the USSR 1945' - builder and delivery date match NavSource/uboat; 923 LCI(L)s built by ten shipyards. Sister hull LCI(L)-672 (Lawley, 10-Apr-44, 'to the USSR 1945') confirms the Neponset yard's late-March/early-April 1944 LCI(L) output block.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Lawley & Sons yard workforce (1944)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of builder records; the table's 'delivery' column tracks the commissioning date here (6-Apr-44). No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-671-lcil671-04
-
[6]Russell, Richard A., 'Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan' (Washington, DC: Naval Historical Center, 1997; ISBN 0-945274-35-1) - verbatim NHHC publication hosted on HyperWar/ibiblio; appendix transfer table and Shumshu narrative [other_primary]
- Locator
- Project Hula monograph, appendix 'U.S. Navy Combatant Ships Transferred to the USSR Under Project HULA, May-September 1945' (LCI(L) 671 / DS-47 row) and pp. 30-31 (Shumshu narrative)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The NHHC-published appendix table lists 'LCI(L) 671 | DS-47 | 29 Jul. [1945] | 1945-combat loss' - i.e., transferred at Cold Bay 29 July 1945 and LOST in Soviet service in 1945, NOT returned. The narrative records that 16 American-built LCI(L)s recently acquired at Cold Bay landed the second wave on Shumshu on 18 August 1945, and that 'Japanese shore batteries destroyed five of the vulnerable LCI(L)s'; the lost hulls were DS-1 (ex-LCI(L)-672), DS-5 (ex-LCI(L)-525), DS-9 (ex-LCI(L)-554), DS-43 (ex-LCI(L)-943), and DS-47 (ex-LCI(L)-671). CORRECTION: NavSource's line 'Returned to US Naval custody in 1955 and struck from the Naval Register / Final Disposition, fate unknown' is boilerplate that conflicts with the NHHC record for this hull - Russell's table gives combat losses where the returned hulls show '1955-returned' dispositions (secondary corroboration: Wikipedia's Project Hula article counts 15 surviving LCI(L)s returned in 1955). NavSource's own pages for combat-loss sisters LCI(L)-525 (DS-5) and LCI(L)-554 (DS-9) correctly say 'destroyed during the Soviet invasion ... 18 August 1945' and carry NARA photos of the burned-out wrecks on Shumshu.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Soviet DS-47 crew; Soviet naval infantry landed at Shumshu (18 Aug 1945)
- Limitations
- Russell's sources include NAVSHIPS 250-012 (Ships Data: U.S. Naval Vessels, 1 Jan 1949) and Berezhnoi's Soviet lend-lease reference - post-Soviet-access research superseding older compilations. The precise U.S. Navy strike date for a hull lost in foreign service is not separately stated; 'struck from the Naval Register' per NavSource attaches to the erroneous 1955-return claim. Does not document the exact beaching point of DS-47 on Shumshu or any crew-loss figure for this hull specifically.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-671-lcil671-05
-
[7]NPS, National Register of Historic Places nomination, USS LCI-713 (listed 2007; the last surviving LCI-351-class ship in original configuration) + HAER No. OR-180 (NPS/HAER data pages, 2012) [nps]
- Locator
- NPS NRHP nomination Section 7 (vessel description) via npgallery asset; HAER OR-180 data pages via tile.loc.gov .../or0606data.pdf
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Government class documentation for the LCI-351 type: welded 1/4-inch steel plate hull built for rapid assembly-line production; lower deck holds three ~60-man troop compartments, a 24-rack crew compartment, and an engine room that held eight General Motors 6-71 diesel engines in two banks of four (4 per shaft) driving variable-pitch propellers; dual above/underwater exhaust systems (underwater mode to lessen noise during landings); deckhouse with officer staterooms, radio room, galley, mess; five single 20mm guns in circular steel tubs; 130 tons diesel fuel. These documents describe materials and layout for the class - and contain no asbestos or insulation-material statement whatsoever.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2006-2012 (documentation); 1944 (construction era described)
- Population
- LCI-351 class construction and crew populations generally
- Limitations
- Class-level documentation prepared on sister hull LCI-713 (built by the same yard ~4 months later); LCI(L)-671 is the earlier configuration (commissioned April 1944, before the 1 June 1944 'modified design' with cylindrical pilothouse/centerline ramp). Neither document mentions asbestos - absence of mention is not absence of material.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-671-lcil671-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NPS NRHP/HAER class construction description (welded steel hull, 8 x GM 6-71 diesel plant, dual exhaust systems); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy program-level asbestos documentation (see ev-08); NavSource specifications block for this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- NPS NRHP nomination Section 7 + HAER OR-180 (construction description); GAO HRD-80-2 product page; NavSource specifications block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A welded-steel diesel-powered amphibious ship built March-April 1944 sits squarely inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a landing ship of this type were thermal insulation in the engine-room compartment, diesel-exhaust lagging (including the underwater exhaust system's hot runs), gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and fireproofing/insulation in accommodation spaces and the galley. As a diesel ship she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Lawley & Sons construction trades (Mar-Apr 1944); ship's company (Apr 1944-Jul 1945); Soviet crew (Jul-Aug 1945)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or construction work package located for LCI(L)-671; the NPS/HAER class documents mention no insulation materials at all. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-671-lcil671-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (March-April 1944) and U.S. service era (1944-45).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-671-lcil671-08
-
[10]Batch-5399 search ledger (this record): NavSource; uboat.net; NARA Special List 44 PDF; NARA digitized-logs list; Russell/NHHC Project Hula monograph; NPS NRHP nomination + HAER OR-180; shipbuildinghistory.com LCI(L) table; GAO product page; CourtListener API v4 (opinions searched - 0 hits; docket search blocked by fleet pacing); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-671-lcil671-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, material list, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed/opinion-level litigation naming USS LCI(L)-671 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion search for hull-name variants returned 0 hits; the RECAP docket search could not be completed this session (fleet pacing budget spent) and is logged as blocked, not as a negative result. The hull's loss in combat on 18 August 1945 forecloses postwar survey/abatement documentation - there is no museum, no demolition record, and no surviving hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the ship was built in the documented asbestos era and sunk in Soviet service with no postwar material accounting. The NARA deck logs (4/6/44-7/28/45) are undigitized and remain the open archival lead. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-671-lcil671-09