Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet 456-packet.md (4 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LCI(L)-672. Hull: LCI(L)-672. Designation: LCI(L) (Landing Craft Infantry (Large)). Type: Landing Craft Infantry. Class: LCI(L)-351 class (351-series hull; mirror-sourced).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-672-lcil672-pkt-456-packet-md
-
[2]NARA Special List No. 44, List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number PDF) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, p. 27, row 'LCI(L)-672 4/10/1944 7/28/1945' (pdftotext -f 27 -l 27 -layout verified 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official NARA inventory of Navy logbooks lists deck logs for LCI(L)-672 covering 4/10/1944 through 7/28/1945 (PDF page 27 of the by-ship-number list). The coverage window opens on her commissioning date (10 April 1944 per NavSource and uboat.net) and closes the day before her 29 July 1945 transfer to the Soviet Union - effectively the entire U.S. commissioned career of this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-04-10 to 1945-07-28
- Population
- wartime crew (1944-1945)
- Limitations
- Log-coverage dates are custody dates of the records, not content: they establish that logs exist and the window they cover, not what the logs record, and the coverage end is not itself the decommissioning date (transfer documented 29 July 1945 by other sources). The logs are RG 24 textual records at Archives II, College Park; they are not on NARA's digitized deck-log list (navy-online page checked 2026-09-30 - no LCI hulls digitized). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-672 (page 10/15/150672) - milestone timeline, campaign credits, spec block, and photo captions; page narrative credited on-page to 'USS LCI "Landing Craft Infantry", Vol. II, Turner Publishing Co., 1995' (USS LCI National Association volume) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150672.htm - class line, milestone chronology, EAME campaign table, awards block, photo captions (Bizerte c.May 1944; Naples 24 Jul 1944 III-SC-192675; Formia 31 Jul 1944 III-SC-192677), specifications block, call-sign line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 25 March 1944 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; launched 3 April 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-672 on 10 April 1944; assigned to the Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater with campaign credit for the Invasion of southern France, 15 August to 21 September 1944; decommissioned and transferred to the Soviet Union at Cold Bay, AK, 29 July 1945 under Project Hula as DS-1; 'earned one battle star for World War II service'; award block: American Campaign Medal, Europe-Africa-Middle East Campaign Medal (1), Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal. Photo captions document her moored at Bizerte, Tunisia, circa May 1944 and embarked 30th Infantry, 3rd Division troops for practice landings near Naples (24 July 1944, NARA III-SC-192675) and in the Formia area (31 July 1944, NARA III-SC-192677). Specs: 246 t light / 264 t landing / 419 t loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max / 14 kts continuous; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; 75 tons cargo; five single 20mm guns; '2-inch plastic splinter protection on gun turrets, conning tower and pilot house'; two sets of 4 GM diesels (4 per shaft), 1,600 BHP, twin variable-pitch propellers; call sign NPSS.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1944); ship's company 1944-45; embarked 30th Infantry/3rd Division troops (July-August 1944); Soviet DS-1 crew (July-August 1945)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates are corroborated by uboat.net and the Lawley yard table, and the campaign/award block tracks the Turner Publishing veterans'-association history credited on-page. Two claims on this page are contradicted or unverified: 'Returned to US Naval custody in 1955 and struck from the Naval Register / Final Disposition, fate unknown' conflicts with the NHHC Project Hula appendix ('1945-combat loss') - carried as a correction (ev-06); and the page's implied 1955 strike rests on that contradicted narrative rather than a documented Navy List entry. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships: USS LCI(L)-672 ship page (ship/21737) and LCI 351 class table (class/690); wartime-event order of battle for convoy UGS 42 [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/21737 (spec/date table, History line 'Transferred to the USSR 29 July 1945', UGS 42 event block including 'USS LCI(L)-672 (Lt. H.G. Hilton, USNR)' and the 1 June 1944 Bizerta arrival line); class/690 technical table (246 BRT, diesel, 1,600 bhp)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net's ship page independently confirms this hull: built by George Lawley & Sons (Neponset, Massachusetts); laid down 25 March 1944; launched 3 April 1944; commissioned 10 April 1944; end service 29 July 1945; 'Transferred to the USSR 29 July 1945'. Its wartime-event listing places her - commanding officer Lt. H. G. Hilton, USNR - among the LCI(L)s of convoy UGS 42, which departed Hampton Roads 13 May 1944; the convoy narrative records her arrival at Bizerta on 1 June 1944 alongside LCI(L)-587, -588, -589, -673, -943, -945, -946, -948, -949, and -950 (a group including five of her later Project Hula transfer sisters).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Lt. H. G. Hilton USNR (CO at Bizerta, June 1944); ship's company 1944
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a volunteer secondary compilation of official records - credible on dates/designations but not a primary registry. The UGS 42 roster lists Lt. Hilton as commanding officer in June 1944; the 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet roster lists Lt.(jg) N. W. Macnichol - a command change during the interval, not a conflict. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-03
-
[5]United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945 (NHHC document, HyperWar/ibiblio transcription) - Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet; LCI(L) Flotilla 36, Group 108, Division 215 [other_primary]
- Locator
- ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/OOB/PacFleet/Org-450501/index.html - Amphibious Forces section, 'LCI(L) FLOTILLA THIRTY-SIX' / 'LCI GROUP 108' / 'LCI DIVISION 215' row 'LCI 672 | Lt. (jg) N. W. Macnichol (USNR)'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization roster lists 'LCI 672' under Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet - LCI(L) Flotilla THIRTY-SIX, LCI Group 108 (ComLCIGrp 108 Lt. Cdr. E. H. Draine USNR), LCI Division 215, with 'Lt. (jg) N. W. Macnichol (USNR)' as the named officer. Her division mates were LCI 669 (M), LCI 670 (M), LCI 671, LCI 672, LCI 673 (M), and LCI 674 (M); adjacent Division 216 carried LCI 951, 551, 554, 557, 945, and 946 - a concentration that matches the Project Hula transfer list (671/DS-47, 672/DS-1, 551/DS-48, 554/DS-9, 557/DS-10, 945/DS-6, 946/DS-49 all went to the USSR at Cold Bay).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Lt.(jg) N. W. Macnichol USNR (CO of record, 1 May 1945); ship's company 1945
- Limitations
- A HyperWar transcription of the NHHC wartime organization document; the roster establishes assignment as of 1 May 1945 - three months before the Cold Bay transfer - and names the officer of record at that date. It does not describe operations between May and the July transfer. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-04
-
[6]Russell, Richard A., Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan (No. 4, The U.S. Navy in the Modern World Series; Naval Historical Center, Washington DC, 1997) - full text via HyperWar/ibiblio mirror of the NHC PDF [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- HyperWar mirror of NHC PDF: appendix row 'LCI(L) 672 | DS-1 | 29 Jul. | 1945-combat loss' at book p. 40 (PDF p. 45); 'Attack on Shumshu' narrative book pp. 30-31 (PDF pp. 35-36); epilogue returns summary (15 LCI(L)s returned); appendix key 'DS (desanriye suda) - landing ship'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The NHHC-published monograph names this hull in its appendix table 'U.S. Navy Combatant Ships Transferred to the USSR Under Project HULA, May-September 1945': 'LCI(L) 672 -> DS-1', transfer date '29 Jul.' (the second transfer batch), disposition '1945-combat loss'. Its narrative documents the loss context: at the 18 August 1945 Soviet landing on Shumshu Island, sixteen American-built LCI(L)s recently acquired at Cold Bay spearheaded the second wave, and 'Japanese shore batteries destroyed five of the vulnerable LCI(L)s.' The epilogue records that of the 149 vessels delivered at Cold Bay the Soviet navy returned 27 frigates and 15 LCI(L)s - the appendix shows the returned group excluded DS-1 and the other four combat losses (DS-5, DS-9, DS-43, DS-47).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Soviet DS-1 crew and embarked troops at Shumshu; Project Hula Detachment 3294 instructors/trainees (Cold Bay, July 1945)
- Limitations
- NHHC official-history monograph (secondary synthesis of primary records, published by the Naval Historical Center); the appendix table carries transfer date and disposition without a per-ship loss narrative beyond the aggregate 'five destroyed' Shumshu account - the identification of DS-1 as one of the five rests on the appendix '1945-combat loss' marking read with the narrative. Soviet-side details (crew, beaching position, individual ship fate description) are not documented here. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-05
-
[7]Correction source: Russell, Project Hula (NHC 1997) appendix '1945-combat loss' disposition for LCI(L) 672/DS-1, read against NavSource 10/15/150672.htm lines 'Returned to US Naval custody in 1955 and struck from the Naval Register' and 'Final Disposition, fate unknown' [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Russell appendix book p. 40 (PDF p. 45) and epilogue; NavSource 10/15/150672.htm narrative lines; Lawley yard table row 1473
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- CORRECTION: NavSource's page for this hull states 'Returned to US Naval custody in 1955 and struck from the Naval Register' and 'Final Disposition, fate unknown.' The NHHC-published Project Hula appendix instead records this hull's disposition as '1945-combat loss,' and its returns accounting (15 of 30 LCI(L)s returned in 1955) excludes her. The correct record: destroyed as Soviet DS-1 at Shumshu on 18 August 1945, never returned to U.S. custody. A 1955 striking year appears in the Lawley yard table ('To the USSR 1945 as DS 1, struck 1955') and is consistent with administrative write-off during the 1955-56 Soviet return-settlement period, not physical return.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-1955
- Limitations
- The correction resolves disposition (combat loss vs. return), not the administrative strike date - no Navy List/NVR page was located to fix when the U.S. formally struck the hull; 'struck 1955' remains a secondary-source claim. NavSource's error pattern likely propagates to other Hula-transfer hull pages and should not be relied on unexamined for any DS-designated LCI(L).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-06
-
[8]ShipbuildingHistory.com, 'George S. Lawley & Sons, Neponset MA' yard history and construction table (yacht/small-craft yard section) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/yachtsmall/lawley.htm - 'Contract Award 30-Jun-43' block, row '1473 | LCI(L) 672 | ... | 10-Apr-44 | To the USSR 1945 as DS 1, struck 1955'; yard-history header paragraphs
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Lawley yard table carries the row '1473 | na | LCI(L) 672 | US Navy | Landing Craft | 216d | 158 | 10-Apr-44 | To the USSR 1945 as DS 1, struck 1955' under the 'Contract Award 30-Jun-43' block - corroborating builder, contract, and delivery date (delivery date equals the documented commissioning date). The same page documents the yard itself: George S. Lawley Sr.'s yachtbuilding firm at Point Norfolk, Neponset (the former Putnam Nail Works), builder of the Navy's first airship DN 1, which closed in 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1944)
- Limitations
- A compiled yard table, not a primary registry - 'struck 1955' is the table's claim and is not verified against the Navy List (carried as an unverified lead in gaps); the 'To the USSR 1945 as DS 1' disposition agrees with the NHHC appendix. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-07
-
[9]Historic American Engineering Record (Library of Congress), HAER No. AK-52, M/V Husky II (USS LCI(L) 653 / USS Avocet) - official documentation of a same-class hull [haer]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 data pages (ak0557data.pdf): 'LCIs in World War II' / 'Original plans' sections, significance statement, principal-dimensions block, post-Navy conversion section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official HAER documentation of LCI(L) 653, a sister LCI(L)-351-class hull, establishes the class type's construction record: designed at British instigation as an ocean-going troop carrier landing about 200 assault troops via bow gangways; over 900 built in U.S. emergency yards; diesel engines driving twin screws; 'intended for landing fully equipped assault troops' per the Navy's specification, able to 'beach with a draft forward not in excess of 30 inches' and retract under her own power. The report notes the post-LCI(L)-351 deckhouse/enlarged-hatch changes and that most hulls built after 1 June 1944 received centerline bow-door ramps - a transition this hull (launched April 1944) predates.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (wartime program); HAER documentation 2000s
- Population
- class context - not this hull
- Limitations
- Sister-hull documentation, not this hull: LCI(L) 653 is a different vessel (built June-July 1944; later AMCU-16/MHC-16; scrapped 2010). The report's spray-on insulation references concern the post-Navy refrigerated-hold conversion of Husky II, not wartime construction - no wartime material content is documented for the class here. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-08
-
[10]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications for this hull (GM diesel propulsion, '2-inch plastic splinter protection' armor note); uboat.net LCI 351 class table (diesel engines, 2 shafts, 1,600 bhp); HAER AK-52 class documentation; GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy asbestos-use era) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150672.htm specifications block; uboat.net class/690 technical table; HAER AK-52 class context; GAO HRD-80-2 era window
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered amphibious landing craft built March-April 1944 at a wartime yard sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a diesel amphibious craft of this type and period were engine and exhaust lagging, machinery insulation, gaskets and flange/valve packing, electrical insulation, deck mastic coatings, paint, and winch brake linings. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply. The documented '2-inch plastic splinter protection' on gun turrets/conning tower/pilot house is a bituminous armor-type material of the era; its asbestos content is unverified (see gaps).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (1944); ship's company 1944-45; embarked troops; Soviet DS-1 crew 1945
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or underway-maintenance record exists for LCI(L)-672 (hull destroyed in Soviet service 18 August 1945, never returned to U.S. custody; no postwar US survey or disposal record was ever generated). Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity, no manufacturer attribution.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-09
-
[11]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (abstract text; direct fetch blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure and documented the use of asbestos in Navy ships: the Navy's 1975 policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for necessary repairs, modified in 1979 to include selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - a program window postdating this hull's entire career and destruction (1944-1945).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull - which was destroyed in Soviet service two decades before GAO's review and before the substitution era began. GAO's fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards - neither is this hull's builder. Product page retrieved via Firecrawl 2026-09-30; direct curl fetch returns HTTP 403 (standing access defect).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-10
-
[12]Old Dominion University Libraries Special Collections, Heflin & Williams Naval Engineering Reference Collection (MG 138) - 'Volume 02: LCI(L)-351 - LCI(L)-1098 (Landing Craft Infantry, Large)', ship data files organized by hull number; plus the undigitized NARA RG 24 deck logs inventoried by Special List 44 [other_primary]
- Locator
- archivesguides.lib.odu.edu archival object 88476 (Binder Case 23, Volume 02); NARA SL44 p. 27 and navy-online digitization list (absent)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- ODU holds a ship-data file collection (Heflin & Williams) whose Volume 02 spans hulls LCI(L)-351 through LCI(L)-1098 - a range including this hull - with files organized by ship class, hull designation, and hull number. Together with the undigitized NARA RG 24 deck logs (coverage 4/10/1944-7/28/1945 per Special List 44), these are the located archival paths most likely to hold ship-specific files for this hull.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (log window)
- Population
- N/A - record-location lead
- Limitations
- Archival leads only - the volume's title establishes hull-range coverage, not that an LCI(L)-672 file actually exists inside it or what it contains; undigitized. Deck-log inventory coverage establishes existence, not content. NARA catalog (catalog.archives.gov) is JS-rendered and was not queried directly this session. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-11
-
[13]Batch-5400 search ledger (this record): NARA Special List 44; NavSource; uboat.net; NHHC (DANFS slug candidates; Operation Neptune sunk/damaged table; Pacific Fleet organization 1 May 1945 via HyperWar); Russell Project Hula monograph (HyperWar NHC PDF + generalstaff.org mirror); HyperWar LCI rosters; Lawley yard table; HAER AK-52; GAO HRD-80-2; ODU special collections; usslci.org; Amphibious Forces memorial list; CourtListener opinion + docket searches; secondary web asbestos sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-672-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-672-17
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record exists to locate: no asbestos survey, insulation material list, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming LCI(L)-672/DS-1 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger) - unsurprising given destruction in Soviet service on 18 August 1945, twenty days after transfer, with no return to U.S. custody and therefore no postwar survey or disposal record ever generated. CourtListener authenticated API v4 searches completed 2026-09-30 returned zero opinion hits for both the exact-designation query ('LCI(L)-672') and the variant-spelling query ('LCI 672', 'LCIL-672', 'LCI(L) 672', 'LCIL 672'), and zero docket hits for 'LCI(L)-672'/'LCI-672'/'LCIL-672'. The only 'asbestos aboard' material surfaced is generic law-firm marketing content for the LCI type - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - it reflects the hull's 1945 destruction in Soviet service and the thin documentary trail of unnamed landing craft generally. The undigitized RG 24 deck logs (4/10/1944-7/28/1945) and the ODU Heflin & Williams Volume 02 range are open archival leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-672-12