Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet 457-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-pkt-457-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-678 hull page (history compiled from USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995, ISBN 1-56311-262-0) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Hull page, history text, awards ribbon table, specifications block, and image table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LCI-351-class Landing Craft Infantry (Large): laid down 13 April 1944 at George Lawley & Sons, Neponset, MA; launched 21 April 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-678, 28 April 1944, LT. W. C. Anderson USNR in command. During World War II assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCI Flotilla Thirteen (CDR. W. B. Brown USN), LCI Group Thirty-Seven (LCDR. P. W. Howard), LCI Division Seventy-Three. Following the war assigned to occupation service in the Far East 12 September 1945 to 8 February 1946. Decommissioned, date unknown. Struck from the Naval Register 12 March 1946. Final disposition: destroyed 13 February 1946. Awards displayed: American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal; World War II Victory Medal; Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp) - no campaign table and no battle stars listed. Hull-page photographs show the craft grounded at Okinawa following Typhoon Louise, October 1945 (US Navy photo; a second taken by a USS Typhon (ARL-28) crewman; a third shows LCI(R)-771, LCI(G)-470 and LCI(L)-678 grounded at Buckner Bay, 9-10 October 1945).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Crew (4 officers / 24 enlisted); embarked troops (up to 6 officers / 182 enlisted)
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary history (Turner Publishing) hosted by NavSource, not an official Navy record - no individual DANFS entry exists for this hull. The decommissioning date is unrecorded there, and the mechanism of the 13 February 1946 'destroyed' disposition is not stated. The listed wartime unit assignment (Flotilla 13 / Group 37 / Division 73) conflicts with the contemporaneous NHHC 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization roster (Flotilla Five / Group 14 / Division 27 - see ev-04); the discrepancy is carried in gaps. Photograph captions are privately-sourced submissions, not official photo-catalog records. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-01
-
[3]NARA Special List 44, 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947' - ship-number sequence, PDF page 27: 'LCI(L)-678 4/28/1944 6/30/1945' [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, PDF page 27, 'LCI(L)-678' row (verified against extracted text)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official NARA logbook inventory lists Navy deck logs held for this hull covering 28 April 1944 - 30 June 1945 (RG 24, Bureau of Naval Personnel logs, Entry 118). The coverage start coincides exactly with the commissioning date (28 April 1944, per NavSource), corroborating the hull's in-service window from commissioning.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-04-28 to 1945-06-30
- Population
- Ship's officers and crew maintaining logs, 1944-45
- Limitations
- Establishes that deck logs exist at NARA and their coverage dates only - it is an inventory record, not the logs' contents. Coverage ends 30 June 1945, before the documented Far-East occupation service, the October 1945 typhoon grounding, and the February 1946 destruction: the endpoint reflects which logbooks were turned in and retained, not the end of operations. Per batch rule, log-coverage endpoints are not treated as commissioning/decommissioning dates - the 4/28/1944 start matching the commissioning date is reported as corroboration, not derivation. Does not establish asbestos content, locations served, or any individual exposure. The hull's logs do not appear in NARA's published digitized-logs index (see search_ledger sl-06).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-02
-
[4]HyperWar (ibiblio) mirror, 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 - Landing Ships and Craft', LCI(L)-351 class roster [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-lc.html, LCI(L)-351 class roster line 'LCI(L)-676-683'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official-era ship list (HyperWar mirror) rosters LCI(L)-678 within the 'LCI(L)-676-683' line of the LCI(L)-351 class listing (commissioned 1943-44 block), corroborating the hull's existence and designation in the wartime-era record.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940-1945
- Limitations
- Transcription mirror of an official-era compilation; roster entry only - gives designation grouping and commission-year range, no hull-level detail, no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-03
-
[5]NHHC, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (online reading room transcription of the official fleet organization publication) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- us-pacific-fleet-organization-1may1945.html, LCI Flotilla Five > LCI Group 14 > LCI Division 27, 'LCI 678' row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Pacific Fleet organization roster as of 1 May 1945 lists 'LCI 678 - Lt. W. C. Anderson (USNR)' under LCI FLOTILLA FIVE, LCI GROUP 14 (ComLCIGrp 14 Lt. H. M. Mattson), LCI DIVISION 27. This contemporaneous record corroborates the commanding officer (matching NavSource's commissioning entry) and places the hull in a different flotilla/group/division chain than the NavSource/Turner listing (Flotilla Thirteen / Group Thirty-Seven / Division Seventy-Three).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Ship's officers and crew as of May 1945
- Limitations
- Establishes administrative organization and commanding officer as of 1 May 1945 only - assignments changed over the war, so the two listings may reflect different dates rather than a contradiction; the discrepancy is flagged in gaps rather than resolved. No asbestos content. history.navy.mil served empty 404s to plain fetches this session; content verified via Firecrawl render.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-04
-
[6]NHHC, 'Typhoons and Hurricanes: Pacific Typhoon at Okinawa, October 1945' - extract from Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas report on the Surrender and Occupation of Japan, with Appendix III 'Typhoon Damage at Okinawa (Based Upon Progress Reports to 19 November)' [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- pacific-typhoon-october-1945.html, Appendix III table, 'LCI 678' row; narrative paragraphs on the 9 October storm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The CINCPAC report's Appendix III damage table names this hull: 'LCI 678 - Refloated 11/3/45' - documenting that LCI(L)-678 went aground at Buckner Bay (Nakagusuku Wan), Okinawa, during Typhoon Louise on 9-10 October 1945 and was refloated 3 November 1945. The report records the storm as a whole: the center passed Buckner Bay about 1600 on 9 October with steady winds of 100 knots gusting to 120, barometer 968.5 mb; across the fleet 12 ships and craft were sunk, 222 grounded, and 32 severely damaged, with 36 dead and 47 missing.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-10-09 to 1945-11-19 (progress reports to 19 November)
- Population
- Ship's crew during grounding/refloat; salvage forces at Buckner Bay
- Limitations
- Official contemporaneous damage accounting naming the hull and its refloat date; it does not record damage severity for this hull beyond the grounding/refloat outcome, nor explain the later 'destroyed 13 February 1946' disposition (NavSource). No asbestos content. history.navy.mil served empty 404s to plain fetches this session; content verified via Firecrawl render.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-05
-
[7]University of Memphis Libraries, Special Collections, World War II collection (MSS0502), 'USS LCI (L)-678 grounded in Okinawa, Japan, 1945', identifier sc.0502.003_002.001 [museum_official]
- Locator
- digitalcommons.memphis.edu/speccoll-mss-wwtwo3/1/, item description and preview
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Institutionally-held photograph of this hull grounded at Buckner Bay, Okinawa, following Typhoon Louise in October 1945; the image was taken by a USS Typhon (ARL-28) crewman. Corroborates the NHHC damage-table entry and the NavSource photograph set.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-10
- Population
- Ship's crew at grounding
- Limitations
- A photograph record in a university special collection - establishes the hull's grounded presence at Buckner Bay in October 1945, nothing further (no damage assessment, no dates beyond '1945 October', no work records). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-06
-
[8]Historic American Engineering Record (NPS), HAER No. OR-180, 'LCI(L)-713' written historical and descriptive data (2012) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 data pages (description, measurements, historical information)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- HAER documents the LCI-351 class design - a Bureau of Ships standard design built of welded 1/4-inch steel plate, powered by eight General Motors 6-71 diesel engines, built to discharge a company of troops directly onto beaches - using LCI(L)-713, a sister hull built at the same George Lawley & Son yard, Neponset, MA, as the recorded example. Approximately 1,051 ships of the type were built at ten different shipyards during World War II.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946 (class)
- Limitations
- Sister-hull documentation: HAER OR-180 names LCI(L)-713, not this hull, and contains no asbestos information. It establishes class design and the shared builder (all-diesel propulsion, no steam plant or boilers) only - material composition aboard LCI(L)-678 specifically is not documented by this source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: HAER OR-180 class design (welded steel hull, all-diesel plant - no boilers); NavSource specifications block (two sets of 4 GM 6051-series-71 diesels, 4 per shaft, 2,320 shp, twin variable-pitch propellers); GAO HRD-80-2 (asbestos use in Navy ships; selective substitution policy as late as 1975-79 - see ev-09); NAVSEA qualified-products asbestos categories (see ev-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 class record; NavSource specifications block; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; NAVSEA asbestos QPL table
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A 1944-built welded-steel landing craft of this class carried an all-diesel plant - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of larger combatants does not apply. Era-standard applications aboard a small diesel warship of this period were diesel-exhaust and muffler/manifold lagging, machinery-space thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets and valve/flange packing, electrical insulation, and deck covering.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- George Lawley & Son construction trades (1944); wartime crew; embarked troops; occupation-service crew; salvage personnel during the 1945 grounding/refloat and 1946 destruction
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific material list, survey, or work package located for this craft. Small diesel landing craft carried far less installed insulation than steam vessels; era-standard applications are named, not confirmed installed aboard this hull. No quantity.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO's review covered the use of asbestos in Navy ships (with shipyard fieldwork at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards) and documented that Navy policy substituted nonasbestos material only selectively: the 1975 policy was to remove and replace insulation with nonasbestos materials only where damaged or where removal was needed for repairs, modified in 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas. No general asbestos substitution existed during this hull's construction (1944) and service era (through destruction in February 1946).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull, and the fieldwork yards did not include this hull's builder. Product-page highlights retrieved via Firecrawl render (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetch); the 26-page full report PDF was not retrieved, so findings beyond the highlights are not asserted.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-09
-
[11]Naval Sea Systems Command FOIA Reading Room, 'Asbestos Related Files' - Navy qualified-products lists (QPLs) for asbestos material categories [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVSEA FOIA Reading Room > Asbestos, QPL subject table
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- The Navy's own posted asbestos reading room lists qualified-products specifications covering asbestos insulation felt (thermal, asbestos fiber), metallic-asbestos spiral-wound gaskets, asbestos rod packing (high pressure, symbol 1100), compressed asbestos gasket sheet, thermal-insulation pipe covering, insulation block, deck covering materials, and cable stuffing-tube packing - the Navy-specified asbestos product categories of the fleet era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1949-1996 (posted QPL dates)
- Population
- Navy-wide (context)
- Limitations
- Program-level document list: no hull is named and no product is tied to LCI(L)-678. Nearly all listed QPLs postdate this hull's 1944-1946 service (earliest posted listing dated 1949-01-01, most 1951-1996), so the page demonstrates Navy-specified asbestos product categories across the period rather than installation aboard this craft. Page blocks direct automated fetch (HTTP 403); content retrieved via Firecrawl scrape 2026-09-30.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-10
-
[12]U.S. National Archives, 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961' (research guide to RG 19, Bureau of Ships records) [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov guided-topic page, RG 19 correspondence series listing (Entries A1 1266-A through -N, P; UD series 1947-61)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's official guide for documenting asbestos aboard U.S. naval vessels (1941-1961) routes hull-level research to Record Group 19 (Bureau of Ships) correspondence filed by ship designation and hull number - for this hull, LCI(L) 678 / class correspondence - and to builder-yard files under the 'QM' private-contractor filing code (QM/George Lawley & Son).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1941-1961
- Limitations
- Research pathway only: the guide identifies where hull-specific asbestos documentation would sit but contains no data on this vessel. The RG 19 hull-designation correspondence for LCI(L)-678 has not been examined - it is not digitized in public sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-11
-
[13]Batch-5406 search ledger (this record): NavSource hull page and LCI index; NHHC/DANFS for this hull and sister LCI(L)-713; NARA SL-44 logbook inventory and digitized-logs index; HyperWar official-list mirror; NHHC Pacific Fleet 1 May 1945 organization roster; NHHC CINCPAC Typhoon Louise damage appendix; University of Memphis Special Collections photo record; HAER OR-180; NAVSEA FOIA asbestos reading room; GAO HRD-80-2; NARA asbestos research guide; CourtListener opinion and docket search; shipyards.json yard dataset; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, crew exposure study, or docketed case naming LCI(L)-678 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion and RECAP docket searches across all name/hull variants returned zero results (authenticated queries completed 2026-09-30 after earlier fleet-pacing delays) - a completed negative on the litigation check. The hull was destroyed in Navy custody in February 1946, so no extant-vessel survey or museum disclosure exists to draw on.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - wartime construction at a civilian yard inside the Navy's documented asbestos era is consistent with at least era-standard materials (gaskets, packing, localized insulation) aboard Navy craft of the period including small diesel landing craft. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. CourtListener coverage is limited to its indexed opinions and RECAP dockets - unfiled, settled, or non-federal matters would not appear.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-678-lcil678-12