Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]research packet 458-packet.md (11 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-681-lcil681-pkt-458-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-681 - construction, commissioning, unit assignments, awards, specifications, disposal (history credited to USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150681.htm header block, awards display, specifications block, disposition lines
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource documents for this hull: LCI-351 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 21 April 1944 at George Lawley & Son, Neponset, MA; launched 29 April 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-681 on 6 May 1944, LT. W. R. Miller Jr., USNR, in command; assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater with LCI Flotilla Five (CDR. H. V. Milton), LCT Group Thirteen (LCDR. N. Nash Jr.), LCT Division Twenty-Five; occupation service in the Far East 21-24 October 1945; decommissioned - date unknown; struck from the Naval Register - date unknown; transferred to the Maritime Commission 9 May 1947; final disposition - fate unknown. International radio call sign NPWA. Awards displayed: American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal; World War II Victory Medal; Navy Occupation Medal (Asia clasp). Spec block: displacement 236 t. light / 264 landing / 419 loaded; length 158'5.5"; beam 23'3"; speed 16 kts max, 14 continuous; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; armament five single 20mm guns; propulsion 'two sets of 4 General Motors 6051 series 71 Diesel engines, 4 per shaft' (8 engines total) with GM main reduction gears and twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; two diesel-driven 30kW 120V D.C. ship's-service generators.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Apr-May 1944); crew (1944-47); embarked troops in transit
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - dates track but are not themselves DANFS/NVR records; the page credits its history text to Turner Publishing's USS LCI Vol. II (1995). Decommissioned and struck dates are not published. No asbestos or material content. Occupation-service window (21-24 Oct 1945) is carried as printed - a 4-day span, likely port-call dates. Live page verified 2026-09-30 (navsource.net; the former .org domain is dead).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-681-lcil681-01
-
[3]NARA, Special List 44 - List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number listing) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, page 27 (LCI(L)-681 row, between LCI(L)-680 and LCI(L)-682)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Special List 44 records NARA-held Navy deck logs for LCI(L)-681 covering 5/6/1944 through 6/30/1945 (PDF page 27). The coverage begins on her documented commissioning date; the 6/30/1945 end date is the list's wartime cutoff, not a service-termination date - the hull remained in service into 1946 (see ev-05), so later logs exist in post-SL44 holdings.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (coverage window)
- Limitations
- A finding aid, not the record itself: it indexes logbook holdings and their date spans; the logs are not digitized and were not reviewed. Coverage endpoints are NOT commissioning/decommissioning dates (the begin date coinciding with commissioning is coincidental but consistent). Establishes that primary deck logs exist for the hull - nothing about their content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-681-lcil681-02
-
[4]Historic American Engineering Record (NPS), HAER No. OR-180, LCI(L)-713, Amphibious Forces Memorial Museum, Portland, OR (Justine Christianson, 2012) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 written historical and descriptive data, pp. 1-3 (Type of Craft, Description, Historical Information)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NPS HAER documentation of the LCI-351 class through the surviving sister hull LCI(L)-713 - built at the same yard (George Lawley & Son, Neponset) to the same Bureau of Ships design: welded 1/4-inch steel plate construction; two decks with troop compartments and crew space on the lower deck; engine room containing four pairs of General Motors 6-71 diesel engines connected to two shafts and variable-pitch propellers; deckhouse with officers' accommodations, mess, wardroom, and galley; enclosed foredeck ramp and well deck with ramp winch; troop capacity 182 enlisted and 6 officers; five single 20mm Oerlikon guns (later marks). Approximately 1,051 LCI(L)s built at ten shipyards during WWII.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944 (class design/construction)
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (class-wide, 1944); crews and embarked troops (class-wide)
- Limitations
- Documents the class through sister hull LCI(L)-713 (Sept 1944 build), not this hull - a same-class, same-builder proxy only. The report contains no insulation, lagging, or asbestos content whatsoever: it is construction/arrangement documentation. Cannot establish materials aboard LCI(L)-681.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-681-lcil681-03
-
[5]U.S. Navy photo 80-G-313358 (10 March 1945), credited by NavSource to the U.S. National Archives, College Park, MD - USS Miami (CL-89) crew members boarding LCI(L)-681 from Miami's stern for a recreation trip to Mog Mog island, Ulithi [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150681.htm photo caption; photo 80-G-313358, NARA College Park
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A dated, official U.S. Navy photograph (80-G-313358) documents this hull alongside USS Miami (CL-89) at Ulithi, Caroline Islands, on 10 March 1945 - physical-presence documentation placing her in the forward Pacific fleet anchorage during the Okinawa campaign staging period.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-03-10
- Population
- Crew at Ulithi anchorage, March 1945
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the photo establishes presence at Ulithi on a date, not operations or work performed there. Photo number and NARA College Park holding are carried on NavSource's caption authority; the NARA catalog is JS-rendered and the record could not be independently fetched this session (OpaAPI media URL returned an HTML error page, not the image).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-681-lcil681-04
-
[6]NavSource photo caption (contributed by Marilyn Lillibridge, family of CO Arthur Hewes Lillibridge), reverse-side note on 'Homeward Bound' pennant photograph [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150681.htm second photo caption (Lillibridge contribution)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A family-supplied photo-reverse caption records that Arthur Hewes Lillibridge was commanding officer of LCI(L)-681 from 3/31/46 to 6/19/46 and 'took ship from San Francisco, CA. to Charleston, S.C. for decommissioning' - indicating a post-war return to the U.S. West Coast and a final transit to Charleston for inactivation around June 1946.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1946-03 to 1946-06
- Population
- CO Arthur H. Lillibridge and skeleton crew on the San Francisco-Charleston transit (spring 1946)
- Limitations
- Family-supplied provenance, not an official record: no decommissioning document, order, or yard availability record was located. 'Charleston, S.C.' is not further specified - Charleston Naval Shipyard performed LCI inactivations in 1946 (consistent, not confirmed). The 6/19/46 CO-tour end date is the closest thing to a decommissioning date available anywhere; NavSource itself prints 'date unknown.'
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-681-lcil681-05
-
[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979; publicly released Oct 22, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented Navy asbestos practice across this hull's entire era: the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s; its 1975 policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for repairs, modified in 1979 to include selective replacement in high-maintenance areas. GAO's fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979 (review); Navy asbestos-use era spanning 1940s-1970s
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (program review); class-era context for 1944-47 vessel construction
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull - 681 was out of Navy hands two decades before the review. Product-page highlights used; full 26-page report linked on the page but not extracted this session (gao.gov previously blocked automated fetches; product page itself fetched cleanly 2026-09-30).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-681-lcil681-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI(L)-681 spec block (8 x GM 6-71-series diesels, diesel ship's-service generators - no steam plant); HAER OR-180 class construction documentation (welded steel BuShips design, same builder); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block (propulsion); HAER OR-180 description; GAO HRD-80-2 highlights
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered amphibious landing craft built April-May 1944 to a wartime Bureau of Ships design sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-insulation era. Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a diesel vessel of this type and size: thermal insulation and lagging on exhaust manifolds, mufflers, and engine-room hot surfaces; flange and machinery gaskets; valve packing; electrical insulation; brake linings on the bow-ramp winch and deck machinery. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, and total installed insulation aboard a 158-foot landing craft was modest by fleet standards.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Lawley construction trades (Apr-May 1944); engine-room crew (1944-47); any inactivation trades at Charleston (1946)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, work package, or survey was located for this vessel or the LCI-351 class; HAER OR-180 (the best class construction document) contains no insulation or asbestos detail. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution. Does not establish individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-681-lcil681-07
-
[9]Batch-5410 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NHHC DANFS (no entry); NARA Special List 44 (ship-number + named listings); NARA catalog photo lead; LOC HAER OR-180; GAO HRD-80-2; MARAD vessel-history database; CourtListener API v4 (opinion + RECAP/docket indexes, both searched); NVR (not applicable, pre-1987 disposal); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-681-lcil681-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, government document, or qualifying court record naming LCI(L)-681 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion-index sweeps returned only 'LCI International' telecom name collisions and a clean zero on the quoted hull string, and the RECAP/docket index returned count 0 on both designation strings; no Wikipedia article, no DANFS entry, and no MARAD vessel-status card exists for this hull. The only asbestos-related material surfaced anywhere is law-firm marketing content about the builder yard (mesowatch.org and similar George Lawley & Sons pages) - banned-source class, asserting asbestos without primary sourcing, excluded.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 wartime build sits squarely inside the documented Navy asbestos era, and deck logs (NARA holdings, undigitized) plus Maritime Commission disposal papers remain unexamined primary leads. CourtListener coverage at record date: opinion and RECAP/docket indexes both searched clean on the primary designation and the loose hull string (see ledger). Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-681-lcil681-08