Evidence
17 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-17).
-
[1]research packet 469-packet.md (2 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERDICT: VERIFIED (with redesignation note)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-pkt-469-packet-md
-
[2]U.S. Navy Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, NAVSHIPS 250-011, vol. II (15 April 1945), mirrored scan [other_primary]
- Locator
- printed p. 213, LCI(M) design characteristics table (PDF p. 10)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy Bureau of Ships LCI(M) design table describes the type as diesel powered: two propellers, two General Motors Diesel 6051 series 71 engines per shaft at 1,320 shaft horsepower with single G.M. main reduction gears, two diesel-drive 20 kW 120 V D.C. ship's service generators, 860-barrel diesel capacity; armament three 4.2-inch chemical mortars and one single 40-mm A.A. mount; accommodations 4 officers, 49 enlisted; trial displacement 381 tons, length overall 159 ft, extreme beam 23 ft 8 in.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Design-table specifications are type-level, not a survey of hull 760. Diesel propulsion does not prove presence or absence of asbestos. The 1,320 shp figure differs from the 2,320 shp in NavSource's LCI-351-class specification block - variance flagged in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-03
-
[3]NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(M)-760 ex USS LCI(G)-760 ex USS LCI(L)-760 page (history compiled from USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource archive page 10/15/150760 (ship entry, campaign table, ribbons block, and specifications block)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity, construction, conversions, and wartime record for this hull: LCI-351 class; laid down 24 April 1944 at Commercial Iron Works, Portland, Ore.; launched 14 May 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-760 on 26 May 1944; reclassified LCI(G)-760 on 31 December 1944 and LCI(M)-760 on 30 April 1945. Credited campaigns (two battle stars): Iwo Jima operation - assault and occupation 19-26 February 1945 (as LCI(G)-760); Okinawa Gunto operation - assault and occupation 26 March-14 June 1945 (as LCI(M)-760). Awards listed: Combat Action Ribbon (19-26 Feb 1945), American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (2), World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Medal with Asia clasp. Postwar occupation duty in the Far East 18 September 1945 to 2 April 1946. Decommissioned and struck, dates unknown; sold 20 January 1947; fate unknown.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Crew (LCI(L): 4 officers, 24 enlisted; LCI(G): 5 officers, 65 enlisted; LCI(M): 4 officers, 49 enlisted - class specification figures) and embarked troops as configured (up to 6 officers, 182 enlisted), 1944-1946
- Limitations
- NavSource is a compiled secondary reference (transcribing Turner Publishing's USS LCI volume and Navy records), not a contemporaneous log or action report. Campaign credits are official-list summaries; decommissioning and striking dates are not given. Contains no asbestos information whatsoever.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-02
-
[4]Naval History and Heritage Command photo catalog, 80-G-K-3528 (National Archives image), 'USS LCI-760' [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC photo catalog record 80-G-K-3528 (caption block; original date 1945-02-14)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official photo caption: 'En route to Iwo Jima, 14 Feb. 1945. A pc, acting as aircraft control boat, is at right, flying a green pennant to indicate no enemy aircraft are in sight. Photographed from USS HALLIGAN -DD-584. Note LCI's Camouflage.' This contemporaneous Navy photograph places this hull bound for the Iwo Jima operation five days before the initial assault.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-02-14
- Population
- Crew embarked, 1945-02-14
- Limitations
- Photo caption documents the hull underway en route to Iwo Jima on one date; it does not describe her configuration (gunboat vs. mortar fit) at that time. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-04
-
[5]Robert J. Cressman, The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II (Naval Historical Center / NHHC publication), mirrored at HyperWar/ibiblio - 25 February 1945 entry [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- USN-Chron-1945.html, '25 February, Sun.' Pacific section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Navy chronology records under 25 February 1945, Pacific: 'Japanese shore battery damages infantry landing craft LCI-760', in the Iwo Jima operations sequence (immediately following the Iwo Jima-area collision and friendly-fire damage entries at 24 46'N, 141 19'E).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-02-25
- Population
- Crew under fire, 1945-02-25
- Limitations
- A chronology line establishes the damage event and date, not severity detail, casualty count, or her configuration at the time. The chronology calls her 'LCI-760' without the (M) suffix; NHHC's Iwo Jima damaged-ships table uses LCI(M)-760. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-05
-
[6]Naval History and Heritage Command, Battle for Iwo Jima (online reading room), table 'US Navy Ships Sunk or Badly Damaged By Enemy Action at Iwo Jima' [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Battle for Iwo Jima page, 'US Navy Ships Sunk or Badly Damaged By Enemy Action at Iwo Jima' table, 25 Feb row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The NHHC table of U.S. Navy ships sunk or badly damaged by enemy action at Iwo Jima lists: '25 Feb | LCI(M)-760 | Coastal battery | 0 | 2' - i.e., on 25 February 1945 this hull was damaged by a coastal battery with zero killed and two wounded.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-02-25
- Population
- Crew: 2 wounded, 0 killed, 1945-02-25
- Limitations
- The table uses her later LCI(M) designation although the administrative reclassification to LCI(M) is recorded as 30 April 1945 (Bureau of Ships grouping and NavSource) - at 25 February she was administratively LCI(G)-760; whether the mortar conversion physically preceded paperwork is undocumented. Casualty figures are the table's; the underlying action report was not reviewed. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-06
-
[7]Naval History and Heritage Command, United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945 (contemporaneous fleet organization listing) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945, 'LCI FLOTILLA TWENTY-ONE' section: LCI GROUP 61, LCI DIVISION 121 (M), row 'LCI 760 - Lt. L. A. Nolen, Jr. (USNR)'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy's own fleet-organization list of 1 May 1945 places 'LCI 760' in LCI DIVISION 121 (M) - a mortar division - under LCI GROUP 61 (ComLCIGrp 61: Lt. Cdr. W. T. Dom, USNR), LCI FLOTILLA TWENTY-ONE (Capt. E. C. Rook / Comdr. L. M. Bailliere, USNR), with 'Lt. L. A. Nolen, Jr. (USNR)' listed as her commanding officer. Division 121 (M) comprises LCI 630 (FF), 631 (GF), 638, 756, 757, and 760. The listing is consistent with the recorded 30 April 1945 reclassification to LCI(M)-760.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Crew, May 1945
- Limitations
- A point-in-time administrative listing (1 May 1945); it confirms unit assignment and commanding officer on that date, not before or after. No asbestos, material, or condition information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-07
-
[8]National Archives and Records Administration, Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (by ship number) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, p. 18, row 'LCI(L)(M)-760 | 5/26/1944 | 6/30/1945' (verified by pdftotext -layout extraction of the live NARA PDF, 2026-09-30)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Special List 44 inventory (by ship number, p. 18) lists Navy deck logs for 'LCI(L)(M)-760' covering 26 May 1944 through 30 June 1945 - log coverage beginning on her commissioning date and spanning her entire combat career (Iwo Jima, Okinawa) plus the first postwar months. These are the primary daily records of this hull's service, held in Record Group 24.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (log coverage)
- Limitations
- The entry is an inventory record only - it establishes that NARA holds logbooks for this hull for the stated span, not their contents. The deck logs themselves were not opened for this record. Logs after 30 June 1945 (through the 1947 sale) are outside this inventory listing. No asbestos or condition information is contained in the listing.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-08
-
[9]Library of Congress, Historic American Engineering Record HAER AK-52, M/V Husky II (USS LCI(L) 653) - LCI(L) design history and documentation [haer]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 written history, 'LCIs in World War II' section (pp. 8-10) and principal-dimensions/propulsion block (p. 1); NavSource and Bureau of Ships specification data for engine fit
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- LCI(L)s were diesel-powered landing craft of a utilitarian wartime Bureau of Ships design (designed May 1942; over 900 built by ten yards; ~158 ft, twin-screw, four General Motors diesel truck engines per shaft). As an all-diesel craft with no boilers or steam system, the asbestos-relevant applications aboard are the era-standard diesel-craft items: engine exhaust and muffler lagging, thermal/acoustic insulation in the engine room and accommodations, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Construction trades (Portland OR, 1944); wartime crew in confined engine-room and accommodation spaces
- Limitations
- Class/design inference only - HAER AK-52 documents a sister LCI(L)-351-class craft (LCI(L) 653) and the LCI(L) design generally; it does not name this hull and does not itself assert asbestos content. No ship-specific material list exists for this hull; asbestos presence aboard is era- and design-level inference, not ship-proven. Does not establish quantity, products installed, or present-day presence (hull fate unknown since the 1947 sale).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-09
-
[10]War Production Board, General Limitation Order M-79, Federal Register 7 FR 4568-4569 (19 June 1942) [federal_register]
- Locator
- pp. 4568-4569, amosite-fiber provisions
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- A 1942 War Production Board rule reserved specified grades of amosite asbestos for defense orders, including ship insulation products such as blankets, pipe covering and flexible insulation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942
- Limitations
- Wartime shipbuilding-policy context only. The rule does not identify LCI craft, Commercial Iron Works procurement, or any asbestos product installed aboard hull 760.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-10
-
[11]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, Highlights text
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, covering use of asbestos in Navy ships, removal costs, and disability compensation; it records the Navy's 1975 policy of removing/replacing asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs, modified in 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - Navy-wide confirmation that asbestos insulation was standard aboard Navy ships of this era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull or this craft type (HRD-80-2 fieldwork concerned large Navy shipyards, and the report does not discuss landing craft). Product page retrieved via Firecrawl 2026-09-30 (gao.gov blocks direct automated fetch, HTTP 403 - standing issue since Batch 01); full 26-page PDF not reviewed for this record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-11
-
[12]Owens-Illinois, Inc. supplemental answers to second interrogatories, Heathman v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. et al., No. 87-C-1934 (Dist. Ct. Brazoria County, Tex.) - defendant's inventory of shipyard industrial-health documents (mirrored via ToxicDocs document archive) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ToxicDocs document 4ayjMMY2q6pqomB4eDk5Nq9op, interrogatory A.9 document list, item 22
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A defendant's interrogatory answer filed in asbestos litigation inventories wartime government industrial-health documents including: 'Industrial Health and Safety Re-Survey Commercial Iron Works, Portland, Oregon at 13 (March 16-19, 1945)' - establishing that a U.S. government industrial-health re-survey of the yard that built this hull was conducted in March 1945 and was used in litigation concerning Navy/shipyard knowledge of asbestos hazards in shipbuilding. The Commercial Iron Works survey itself is the retrievable primary record behind this reference.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945 (survey); 1990 (filing)
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works yard workforce, March 1945 survey period
- Limitations
- The cited item is a defendant's litigation exhibit list, not the survey - it attests that a March 1945 industrial-health re-survey of Commercial Iron Works exists in the documentary record, not what it found. Discovery-stage material filed by a defendant; classified as an archival lead, not a finding about conditions at the yard or aboard this hull. No hull is named.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-12
-
[13]Oregon Public Broadcasting, 'Portland's Toxic Graveyard For World War II Ships' (Cassandra Profita, 1 Dec 2016; Battle Ready series) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- OPB article text (Zidell/Commercial Iron Works lease, asbestos-contaminant passages, 1986 DEQ flagging, 1994 voluntary cleanup, cost figures)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- OPB documents that after the war, Zidell leased a portion of the former Commercial Iron Works shipyard - the yard that built this hull - for what became the nation's largest shipbreaking operation; ship insulation, wiring, and other materials stripped there contained asbestos and PCBs; Oregon DEQ flagged the property as potentially hazardous in 1986; the company entered a voluntary cleanup in 1994 covering 30 acres and a half-mile of Willamette riverbank, a 20-plus-year, $20-million-plus remediation (DEQ ECSI site no. 689).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1946-2016
- Population
- Shipbreaking and remediation workforce, 1946-2010s
- Limitations
- Site-level environmental history of the builder yard's postwar reuse as a shipbreaking scrapyard - it does not document conditions during this hull's 1944 construction, does not name this hull, and concerns scrapping of many different vessels. Reputable journalism citing state records; the underlying DEQ ECSI page (legacy URL) now redirects to the DEQ welcome page and was not directly retrievable this session.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-13
-
[14]National Archives, Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Bureau of Ships General, Confidential, and Secret Correspondence; ship engineering drawings sections
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA directs researchers of asbestos aboard pre-1961 U.S. Navy vessels to Bureau of Ships Record Group 19 correspondence and ship engineering drawings, organized in part by ship designation and hull number.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940-1961 records guidance
- Limitations
- Research guide only. No RG 19 correspondence or drawing for LCI-760 was retrieved or reviewed, and the guide states no hull-specific asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-14
-
[15]Amphibious Forces Memorial Museum (USS LCI 713 restoration project, Portland, Oregon), memorial-donor list (27 November 2024 web list PDF) [museum_official]
- Locator
- 20241127WebList.pdf, 'Holland, Harrison - LTJG Harrison Holland LCI-760' entry
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The Amphibious Forces Memorial Museum memorial lifejacket inscription list carries 'LTJG Harrison Holland LCI-760' - a named officer associated with this hull and a lead to first-person/family wartime records.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Individual crew member (Holland), 1940s
- Limitations
- Private museum/association donor material, not an official record; it attests an association between a named officer and this hull but no service detail or contents were reviewed. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-15
-
[16]Batch-5489 search ledger (this record): NavSource hull page; Navy Bureau of Ships NAVSHIPS 250-011; NARA Special List 44; NHHC fleet-organization document, Iwo Jima damaged-ships table and photo catalog; official Navy chronology (HyperWar mirror); uboat.net warship record; Colton production table; LOC HAER AK-52; GAO HRD-80-2; Federal Register M-79; ToxicDocs exhibit list; OPB; AFMM memorial list; CourtListener API v4; banned-source web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum record, or docketed case naming LCI-760 / LCI(L)-760 / LCI(G)-760 / LCI(M)-760 was found in the sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion searches for 'LCI(L)-760', 'LCI-760', 'LCI(G)-760', 'LCI(M)-760' and 'LCI 760' + asbestos each returned zero results, and the RECAP docket-index query for all four designations returned zero results - opinion and docket coverage both verified-nil. A live-web sweep for asbestos/mesothelioma claims naming this hull returned no results. No individual DANFS entry exists for this numbered landing craft (candidate NHHC URLs 404, verified 2026-09-30).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - as a 1944 combat-built Navy craft the hull sits inside the documented Navy asbestos era. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present, and does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. CourtListener opinion and docket coverage is verified-nil as of 2026-09-30; filings made later, under different name forms, or in systems outside CourtListener coverage are not ruled out. The vessel was sold in 1947 with fate unknown, so no modern survey can exist unless the hull is identified.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-16
-
[17]U.S. Navy Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, NAVSHIPS 250-011, vol. II (15 April 1945), mirrored scan [other_primary]
- Locator
- printed p. 214, LCI(M)760 row (PDF p. 11)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy Bureau of Ships lists LCI(M)760, ex-LCI(L)760 and ex-LCI(G)760, built by Commercial Iron Works, Portland, Oregon; keel laid 24 April 1944; launched 14 May 1944; first commissioned 26 May 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- The table establishes identity, designations, builder and dates. It gives no redesignation dates, decommissioning, striking or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-760-lcil760-01