Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
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[1]research packet 469-packet.md (2 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERDICT: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-761-lcil761-pkt-469-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-761 - construction, commissioning, theater assignment, occupation service, and disposal timeline (history credited to 'USS LCI "Landing Craft Infantry", Vol. II', Turner Publishing Co., 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150761.htm header block, awards block, and specifications block; live page verified 2026-09-30
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 24 April 1944 at Commercial Iron Works, Portland, OR; launched 14 May 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-761, 31 May 1944. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater in World War II; postwar, assigned to Occupation Service in the Far East, 23 December 1945 to 25 June 1946. Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; transferred to the State Department, 28 August 1946; final disposition unknown. Ribbon display: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Medal (Asia clasp) - no battle stars listed. NavSource holds no images of this hull. LCI-351-class spec block: displacement 236 t light / 264 t landing / 419 t loaded; length 158'5.5"; beam 23'3"; speed 16 kts max; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; propulsion two sets of 4 General Motors 6051-series-71 diesels (4 per shaft), GM reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works construction trades (1944); commissioning and wartime crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation transcribing the Turner Publishing LCI history, not a primary registry - milestone dates are consistent with the builder's table (shipbuildinghistory.com) but 'decommissioned/struck date unknown' leaves the inactivation record open. No asbestos or material content. The spec block describes the LCI-351 class, not a hull-specific survey; the wartime recognition stub for this hull prints different figures (see ev-03 and gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-761-01
-
[3]David McKay (AFMM Historian), 'The UPS of the Pacific: A Brief History of the LCI(X) Express', The Elsie Item No. 96 (USS LCI National Association, March 2017), pp. 4-5 - citing US Pacific Fleet Organization, May 1945 (NHHC) and NARA RG 38 Box 1061 war diaries [museum_official]
- Locator
- Elsie Item No. 96 (March 2017), pp. 4-5, 'The UPS of the Pacific' - ServRon 8 roster, cargo-run narrative, footnotes 2-6; PDF verified live 2026-09-30
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- This hull was one of twelve LCIs assigned to Service Squadron Eight (Service Force, Pacific Fleet) per the US Pacific Fleet Organization document of May 1945, under Lt. (jg) J. D. Ferguson. The twelve were converted for cargo duty beginning December 1944 (bunks removed from troop compartments 1-2, two cargo hatches cut between frames 16-36 on the well deck, derrick boom installed, well-deck wings cut back) and hauled spare parts and equipment - a few tons to nearly 100 tons per trip - from the Pearl Harbor supply depot toward forward distribution centers. 'LCI 761, like LCI 989 was assigned to transport spare parts from Pearl Harbor to the forward area. In early June, this ship along with LCI(X)-640 departed Pearl Harbor enroute to Apra Harbor, Guam. After unloading its cargo, it then proceeded on to San Pedro Bay, Leyte Island, the Philippines.' Eleven of the twelve were originally part of LCI Flotilla Sixteen (CDR Clarence Coffin USN).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-12 to 1945-08
- Population
- Crew of LCI(L)-761 under Lt. (jg) J. D. Ferguson (May 1945); ServRon 8 logistics crews
- Limitations
- Secondary veterans-association publication whose author quotes primary documents (NHHC Pacific Fleet Organization May 1945; NARA RG 38 Box 1061 war diaries for LCI 629, 761, 784, 989, 993, 997, March-May 1945). The December 1944 conversion description is program-level - this hull's presence on the May 1945 ServRon 8 roster is the ship-specific fact; her individual conversion date is not given. 'LCI(X)' was an informal role designation, not an official reclassification - NavSource carries no LCI(X) designation for this hull. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-761-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(R)-762 - photo caption documenting a training collision with USS LCI(L)-761 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150762.htm, image caption block; live page verified 2026-09-30
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- A ship-specific casualty event: the NavSource-captioned photograph records 'USS LCI(L)-762 stranded on Coronado Strand, 8 July 1944, while conducting training. LCI(L)-762 was rammed by USS LCI(L)-761, causing the anchor chains to foul the screws. The anchors were cut loose and lost. An attempt was made to recover the anchors but to no avail.' The caption places this hull conducting amphibious training off Coronado (San Diego) five weeks after commissioning.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-07-08
- Population
- Crews of LCI(L)-761 and LCI(L)-762 (July 1944)
- Limitations
- Family-contributed photo caption on a sister craft's archive page (credited to Mark C. Lea in honor of his grandfather LTjg Keith F. Lea, LCI(L)-762), not an official casualty report - the event is plausible and consistent with the known timeline but unverified against a primary source. Places the hull in California training in July 1944; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-761-03
-
[5]HyperWar transcription of 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-45' wartime recognition compilation - USS LCI(L)-761 stub entry [other_primary]
- Locator
- HyperWar USN/ships/LCIL/LCIL-761.html stub entry; live page verified 2026-09-30
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The wartime Navy recognition-data stub for this hull reads: 'LCI(L)-351 class Infantry Landing Craft (Large): Displacement: 216 tons (light), 234 tons (landing); Length: 158'6"; Beam: 23'3"; Draft: 3'2" (mean); 2'8" forward, 4'10" aft (landing); Speed: 12 knots (std), 16 knots (maximum); Armament: 7 20mm, 2 .50-cal mg; Complement: 3 officers, 21 enlisted; Capacity: 32 tons of cargo; Troops: 6 officers, 182 enlisted; 2 sets G.M. diesel engins; twin variable-pitch screws, 1600 BHP; Built at __________, and commissioned 1944.' The builder field is blank in the wartime compilation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (publication era)
- Population
- Crew (wartime recognition era)
- Limitations
- Wartime-recognition spec block, not a service history - it carries generic early-production LCI(L) figures that conflict with the LCI-351-class block NavSource/Turner prints for this hull (displacement 216/234 t vs 236/264/419 t; complement 3+21 vs 4+24; armament 7 x 20mm vs 5 x 20mm; 1,600 BHP vs 2,320 shp). Both conflicts are carried in gaps; neither figure set is asserted as resolved. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-761-04
-
[6]shipbuildinghistory.com (Tim Colton), Commercial Iron Works production table - yard hull no. 136 [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/small/commercial.htm, header + hull table row 136; live page verified 2026-09-30
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The builder's production table confirms the construction attribution: hull no. 136 = 'LCI(L) 761', US Navy, Landing Craft, 246 LDT, 159 ft, delivered May-44, disposition 'Struck 1946'. The yard history header records that Commercial Iron Works was founded November 1916 on a 30-acre site just south of the Ross Island Bridge, closed in 1946 after building 188 boats during WWII, and was sold to Zidell Marine as a ship-dismantling facility.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works trades (1944)
- Limitations
- Reputable secondary reference work (Colton's shipbuilding-history compilation), not a primary yard ledger - 'Struck 1946' narrows NavSource's 'date unknown' but is not itself a Navy Register entry. Yard asbestos history is documented separately at site level (ev-07); this row addresses identity/construction only. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-761-05
-
[7]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI-351 spec block (all-diesel GM plant, no steam system); ONI 226 'Landing Craft Types' wartime recognition manual (ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/ONI/ONI-226/ONI-226.pdf); GAO HRD-80-2 program context (ev-09) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource LCI-351 spec block; ONI-226 recognition manual LCI(L) entry
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A landing craft built in mid-1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos era, but this hull's diesel-electric propulsion (eight GM 6051-series-71 diesels, no boilers, no steam plant) forecloses the boiler/turbine lagging pathway that dominates steam-vessel exposure. Era-standard small-craft applications aboard an amphibious craft of this type and period were engine-exhaust lagging, machinery and exhaust-flange gaskets, valve packing, electrical wiring insulation, and brake linings on winch/windlass gear; accommodation and galley spaces aboard 158-ft craft carried limited thermal insulation relative to steam vessels.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46); any foreign/disposal crews post-1946
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, builder's spec, or work package was located for LCI(L)-761. Small landing craft carried substantially less asbestos-bearing material than steam combatants, and no source quantifies or confirms any installed asbestos product on this hull. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no manufacturer attribution.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-761-06
-
[8]Oregon DEQ, 'Zidell Waterfront Property Cleanup' (NW Region Cleanup Program public document, 2012) - remediation history and contaminant list for the former Commercial Iron Works site; corroborated by USCG Regulated Navigation Area, 77 FR 1953 (2012-04-02, govinfo FR-2012-04-02 doc. 2012-7784) [other_primary]
- Locator
- oregon.gov/deq/FilterDocs/ph-ZidellCAG.pdf - 'Background', 'Site Contaminants', 'Summer 2010: Upland Remedial Action' slides; FR doc. 2012-7784
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Oregon DEQ documents the builder's site: 'Ironworks shipyard before WWII; Building, repair and salvage of Victory Ships during WWII; Purchased by Zidell in 1946: 336 ships dismantled over 30 years - scrap sold, waste used as site fill.' The contaminants list includes 'Asbestos' among site contaminants in upland soil and riverbed sediment, and the 2010 upland remedial action included an 'Asbestos abatement project - all workers certified, air monitoring, bulk ACM disposal.' The DEQ site summary (ECSI 689) records 'Asbestos is also prevalent in upland and bankline soil.' The 2012 USCG Regulated Navigation Area (77 FR 1953) protects the engineered sediment cap at the same site.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1987-2012 (assessment and remedy); site history 1916-1991
- Population
- Commercial Iron Works / Zidell site workers (1916-1991 uses); 2010-11 abatement and remediation crews
- Limitations
- Site-level environmental record for the parcel where this hull was built, not a hull record. The documented asbestos burden reflects the site's whole industrial history - including 30 years of postwar ship dismantling by Zidell (1946-c.1976) and non-shipyard uses - and cannot be apportioned to LCI(L)-761's 1944 construction. The legacy ECSI detail page (deq.state.or.us/lq/ECSI) redirects to the DEQ homepage as of 2026-09-30; the citable artifact is the live DEQ PDF and the Federal Register notice (govinfo, doc. 2012-7784, which lists metals/PAHs/PCBs/TBT but does not name asbestos). Does not establish materials aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-761-07
-
[9]FRUS 1946 vol. X - August 1946 announcement of the U.S.-China bulk-sale agreement for surplus property in the Western Pacific and China (Office of the Foreign Liquidation Commission, Department of State); cf. U.S.-Philippines surplus-property agreement of 11 September 1946 (Philippine Republic Act No. 33) [other_primary]
- Locator
- FRUS 1946 v10 d782 (announcement text); Philippine RA 33 (en.wikisource.org / elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The 'Transferred to the State Department, 28 August 1946' line in this hull's record corresponds to the Foreign Liquidation Commission surplus-disposal channel: in August-September 1946 the State Department's FLC executed bulk sales of U.S. surplus property - explicitly including 'small ships' in the China agreement ($90,000,000 original cost of small ships among the property transferred) and surplus property in the Philippine Islands - covering material located across the Western Pacific theater where this hull ended occupation service on 25 June 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1946
- Limitations
- Context only: explains the disposal mechanism named in the NavSource/Turner timeline. No document located assigns this hull to a specific FLC sale, foreign navy, or scrap lot - her presence in any of the 1946 bulk sales is inference from timing and theater, and NavSource lists her fate as unknown. ROC Navy Lian-series ex-LCI lists (secondary) do not include LCI(L)-761. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-761-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and U.S. service era (1944-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-30) - content via product-page description, consistent with prior batch treatment.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-761-09
-
[11]NARA archival leads: Elsie Item No. 96 footnote 6 cites 'US National Archives, Records Group 38, Box 1061 - War Diary - LCI 629, 761, 784, 989, 993, 997' (i.e., a war diary for this hull covering the March-May 1945 ServRon 8 window); the parent digitized series are 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018, RG 38) and 'Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, 1941-1992' (NAID 594258, RG 24); plus Historic Photo Archive (Vintage Roadside) catalog image I0000zKt9Oetre3w captioned 'Hull #136 LCI(L) 761. 14 May 1944. Commercial Iron Works, Portland, Oregon' [other_primary]
- Locator
- Elsie Item No. 96 footnote 6 (RG 38 Box 1061); catalog.archives.gov series NAID 4697018 and 594258 (catalog JS-rendered, unreachable for item verification)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A war diary for LCI(L)-761 exists in NARA RG 38 Box 1061 (covering the March-May 1945 window per the Elsie Item citation) - the primary source behind the ServRon 8 cargo-service narrative. Deck logs for this hull would fall in RG 24 'Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, 1941-1992' (NAID 594258). The NARA catalog is a JS-rendered single-page application and none of its public search endpoints returned machine-readable results from this environment, so hull-level items could not be independently verified or NAID-resolved this session. A Commercial Iron Works builder photograph of this hull - captioned 'Hull #136 LCI(L) 761. 14 May 1944' (launch day), taken at the yard site south of the Ross Island bridge - is cataloged by Historic Photo Archive (historicphotoarchive.net), providing independent photographic confirmation of the builder attribution.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945 (diary window)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the RG 38 Box 1061 citation is secondhand (a newsletter footnote), and the live catalog could not be queried - the war diary's existence is probable but its digitization status and NAID are unverified. War diaries are operational narratives, not material records; no asbestos content is expected or claimed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-761-10
-
[12]Batch-5490 search ledger (this record): NavSource 150761/150762; HyperWar wartime stub; Elsie Item No. 96 (USS LCI National Association); shipbuildinghistory.com; Oregon DEQ + Federal Register; FRUS; CourtListener API v4 (opinion + docket); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-761-01 through -10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LCI(L)-761 (any designation) was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener returned zero opinions (type=o) and zero dockets (type=r) for "LCI(L)-761"/"LCI-761"/"LCI(L) 761" on 2026-09-30 - a clean no-result, not a throttle. The only 'asbestos aboard' material encountered is law-firm marketing content for the builder yard (mesowatch.org and similar exposure-site lists for Commercial Iron Works) asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 Navy craft carried era-standard materials and the builder's site is DEQ-documented as asbestos-contaminated. Numbered landing craft generated thin paper trails: no DANFS entry exists for this hull (DANFS covers named vessels), no NVR record survives (struck ~1946, decades before the modern register), and no images are on file at NavSource. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-761-11