Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(G)-78 ex USS LCI(L)-78 (history credited to Turner Publishing, USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page for USS LCI(G)-78 ex LCI(L)-78: unit history block, Asiatic-Pacific campaign table, specifications block, photo captions, awards/ribbon block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LCI-1-class Landing Craft Infantry (Large): laid down 1942-09-30 at Consolidated Steel Corp., Orange, TX; launched 1942-11-22; commissioned USS LCI(L)-78 on 1943-01-11, LTjg. R. O. Rogers USNR in command (May 1945); reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Guns) LCI(G)-78 on 1944-06-15; served in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater for the whole war (Aleutians: invasion of Kiska 1943-08-15; Marshalls: Kwajalein and Majuro 1944-01-31 to 02-08; Marianas: Saipan 1944-06-15 to 07-28; Tinian 1944-07-24 to 28; Western Carolines: southern Palaus 1944-09-06 to 10-14; Okinawa Gunto 1945-03-25 to 06-14); assigned to LCI(G) Flotilla Three, LCI Group One, LCI Division Fourteen; decommissioned 1945-12-15; stricken from the Naval Register 1946-01-08; transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 1948-05-03; earned six battle stars plus the Navy Unit Commendation as a member of LCI(G) Flotilla 3 (1944-01-31 to 07-28) for Kwajalein/Eniwetok and Saipan/Guam/Tinian. Photo captions place the hull at Amchitka in August 1943 (Kiska staging), providing rocket support for the 1st Marine Division at Peleliu on 1944-09-15, nested at Pearl Harbor July 1945, and at San Diego mid-October 1945. Class specifications: 216 t light / 234 t landing / 389 t loaded, 158'5.5" x 23'3", 16 kt max, propulsion two sets of four GM diesels (1,600 BHP), twin variable-pitch propellers; LCI(L) complement 3 officers + 21 enlisted, LCI(G) complement 5 officers + 65 enlisted, troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; LCI(L) armament four single 20mm + two .50cal; LCI(G) armament two 40mm, four 20mm, six .50cal, ten Mk7 rocket launchers.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Ship's crew (3+21 as LCI(L); 5+65 as LCI(G)) plus embarked troops (up to ~188)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation (Turner Publishing unit history via NavSource), not a primary Navy record - the canonical per-hull public reference for this craft type. LCI(G) conversion yard/scope unrecorded; final disposition after 1948 Maritime Commission transfer unknown. Crew figures are class specifications, not hull rosters. No asbestos or material-condition content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-78-lcil78-01
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[2]National Archives Catalog: ship-specific records for LCI(L)-78 / LCI(G)-78 - Saipan/Tinian action report (NAID 633400350), four monthly war diaries, and digitized muster rolls under both designations [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAIDs 633400350 (action report); 139785374, 77504529, 77553233, 77589985 (war diaries); 120160959, 120161019 (muster rolls); catalog searches "LCI(L)-78" (43 results) and "LCI(G)-78" (69 results)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds a ship-specific action report for this hull: 'LCI(G)-78 - Report of operations in support of the invasion of Saipan Island on 6/15/44 & Tinian Island, Marianas on 7/24/44' (NAID 633400350, RG 38 WWII War Diaries series, 5 images digitized via Fold3). Four monthly ship war diaries are cataloged: November 1944 (NAID 139785374), June 1945 (NAID 77504529), July 1945 (NAID 77553233), and August-November 1945 (NAID 77589985). Digitized muster rolls exist under both designations: 'LCI(L) 78 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120160959, RG 24, 59 images, earliest dated roll 1943-03-31) and 'LCI(G) 78 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120161019). Flotilla-level war diaries for COM LCI(G) Flotilla 3 (e.g., NAIDs 140064958, 83533591, 633450693) and its Okinawa operations report (NAID 83533421) are also cataloged.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06 to 1945-11 (diary/report coverage); muster rolls 1943-forward
- Population
- Ship's crew; embarked troops at the six documented amphibious landings
- Limitations
- Operational records document the vessel's combat activity and personnel - they establish service, dates, and organization but contain no material-condition or asbestos data. Report and diary contents largely not transcribed. The action-report title covers Saipan 1944-06-15 and Tinian 1944-07-24; the hull reclassified to LCI(G) on the Saipan landing date itself.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-78-lcil78-02
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[3]National Archives Catalog, file unit 'LCI(L)-78' (NAID 175662885), Record Group 19 (Bureau of Ships), series 'Microfilm of Ship Engineering Drawings' (1945-1955), creator: Bureau of Ships Ship Design Division, Preliminary Design Branch [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 175662885; copy: paper, National Archives at College Park - Cartographic
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds a hull-specific engineering-drawings file for LCI(L)-78 among the Bureau of Ships microfilm ship-engineering-drawings series: an unrestricted paper file unit at the National Archives at College Park (Cartographic), cataloged 'Not Yet Available Online.' Ship engineering drawings are the category of federal record most likely to document the hull's as-built arrangement, including insulation location for machinery and accommodation spaces.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- series coverage 1945-1955
- Limitations
- Unexamined paper record - existence verified, contents unknown. Engineering drawings may depict arrangement and systems but typically do not state insulation composition; any asbestos content would remain inference even if insulation locations are shown. Would require a College Park pull or reproduction request to evaluate.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-78-lcil78-03
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[4]Historic American Engineering Record (NPS) HAER OR-180, LCI(L)-713 written historical and descriptive data (2012); NavSource LCI-1-class propulsion specification (corroborating) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 data pages (propulsion, description sections); NavSource specifications block for LCI(G)-78
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- The LCI-1 class is diesel-powered - eight General Motors 6-71 diesel engines (two banks of four, four per shaft), 1,600 bhp, twin variable-pitch propellers - with no boilers or steam plant. Asbestos-relevant applications for a small welded-steel diesel craft of this era concentrate in engine and exhaust lagging, machinery gaskets and packing, thermal/acoustic insulation in accommodation spaces and the deckhouse, deck coverings, and brake linings on the bow-ramp winch. The LCI(G) gunboat conversion (this hull carried the designation 1944-06-15 to decommissioning) added armament and interior rework scope.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (construction era and conversion)
- Population
- Construction trades (Consolidated Steel Orange yard, 1942-43); engine-room crew; LCI(G) conversion-yard workers (conversion site unrecorded)
- Limitations
- Class/design-level inference only - no material schedule or asbestos survey for the LCI-1 class was located, and HAER OR-180 itself does not mention asbestos. Establishes no asbestos aboard this hull, no quantities, and no exposure for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-78-lcil78-04
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[5]Historic American Engineering Record (NPS) HAER OR-180, LCI(L)-713, Amphibious Forces Memorial Museum, Portland, OR (Justine Christianson, HAER historian, 2012) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 written data, Description/Historical Information sections; museum: amphibiousforces.org
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NPS HAER documentation describes the last surviving LCI of the wartime family in original configuration: welded 1/4-inch steel plate, two decks, engine room on the lower deck containing four pairs of GM 6-71 diesels, deckhouse with mess/wardroom/galley, approximately 1,051 vessels of the type built in ten shipyards during WWII. The surviving sister (LCI(L)-713, an LCI-351-class vessel restored by the Amphibious Forces Memorial Museum in Portland) is the type's physical-evidence track for interior material condition.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944 construction; 2006-present restoration
- Population
- Museum restoration volunteers (contemporary, sister vessel)
- Limitations
- Sister-vessel and later-subclass documentation - LCI(L)-713 is an LCI-351-class hull built at George Lawley & Son, Neponset, MA, not Consolidated Steel Orange, and the 351 class introduced configuration changes over the LCI-1 class. The HAER narrative contains no asbestos discussion and establishes neither presence nor absence of era materials aboard this or any hull; the museum's restoration records are an unexamined lead.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-78-lcil78-05
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[6]NHHC DANFS, LCI(L)-777 (sister LCI-351-class vessel) - via Wayback Machine capture 2024-05-26 (live NHHC page returned 404 on 2026-09-30, the standing NHHC link-rot defect) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LCI(L)-777 entry, 1945-1946 service narrative (drydock and overhaul passages); Wayback capture 20240526115756
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The DANFS operational history of sister vessel LCI(L)-777 documents the maintenance events typical for this craft type in Pacific service: floating-drydock periods (ARD-12, 1945-07-04 to 06, with zincs replaced, rudder posts repacked, bottom scraped and painted; ARD-30, March-April 1946), main-engine and generator overhauls, machinery repairs, and recurring 'minor repairs' - the era's disturbance pathways for machinery insulation and packing materials aboard this vessel type.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Ship's crew and floating-drydock/repair crews (class pattern)
- Limitations
- Sister-vessel record - documents the LCI family's maintenance pattern, not LCI(L)-78's materials. The DANFS entry contains no asbestos reference; disturbance events are an exposure-relevant pathway only insofar as era insulation materials were present. LCI(L)-777 was one of few LCIs with a DANFS entry (longer postwar career as LSIL/AMCU Dunlin). Live NHHC URL 404ed on 2026-09-30; archived Wayback capture cited and labeled.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-78-lcil78-06
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[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942-43) and service era (1943-45).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-78-lcil78-07
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[8]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'U.S. Coast Guard-Manned LCI(L)s' - roster of the 28 Coast Guard-manned LCI(L)s (hulls 83-96, 319-326, 349, 350, 520, 562, 581, 583) [other_primary]
- Locator
- USCG Historian's Office USCG-Manned LCI(L)s page, 'List of LCI(L)s' section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- LCI(L)-78 does not appear on the USCG Historian's Office roster of the 28 Coast Guard-manned LCI(L)s - the list begins with the adjacent Consolidated-built hulls LCI(L)-83 through -96. This hull was Navy-crewed (consistent with the USNR commanding officer NavSource records); crew of record would come from the Navy muster rolls (NAIDs 120160959, 120161019), not Coast Guard records.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Limitations
- Roster-based negative on manning only - establishes crewing service (Navy), not any material or exposure fact. The roster page does not discuss hull materials. NavSource's CO note ('LTjg. R. O. Rogers USNR in command (May 1945)') is consistent but is a secondary compilation detail.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-78-lcil78-08
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[9]Batch-5510 search ledger (this record): NARA catalog (43 + 69 + 94 hull-name results across designation variants); NavSource; NHHC/DANFS (sister hull via Wayback); NPS HAER OR-180; CourtListener API v4 (opinion and docket); USCG Historian's Office roster; shipbuildinghistory.com; uboat.net; usslci.org; live-web hull+asbestos searches; GAO product page [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-78-lcil78-01 through -15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum material documentation, or docketed case naming LCI(L)-78 or LCI(G)-78 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned zero hits on five completed queries (opinions: "LCI(L)-78", "LCI(G)-78"; dockets: "LCI(L)-78", "LCI(G)-78", "LCI-78"); one opinion query ("LCI-78") could not be completed - the fleet-wide pacing budget was repeatedly exhausted this session and it is logged as blocked, not as a negative result.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era-consistent inference stands (see ev-04). The strongest unexamined leads are the Bureau of Ships engineering-drawings file unit (NAID 175662885) and any paper deck logs at College Park (no deck-log file units surfaced in catalog searches). One CourtListener opinion query remains unrun (fleet pacing). Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-78-lcil78-09