Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-9 / HM LCI(L)-9 (history sourced to 'USS LCI "Landing Craft Infantry", Vol. II', Turner Publishing, 1995; ISBN 1-56311-262-0) - timeline, campaign list, specifications, and contemporaneous crew photograph series [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150009.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block, and photo captions 1015000902-1015000923
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI-1 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down September 1942 at New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N.J.; launched October 1942; commissioned USS LCI(L)-9, 23 October 1942. Assigned Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater, LCI Flotilla Two and Flotilla 11; campaigns: Tunisian operations 27 March - 9 July 1943 (first-wave 'Gaffi Attack Group' (Red) enroute photo caption; wounded German prisoners disembarking at Bone, Tunisia 13 May 1943; drydocked at Lake Bizerte for ramp repairs and fitted with extra radio equipment after the Tunisian campaign); Sicilian occupation 9-15 July 1943; Salerno landings 9-21 September 1943; Anzio-Nettuno advanced landing 22 January - 1 March 1944 (Pozzuoli Bay photo, February 1944); Invasion of Normandy 6-25 June 1944 - photographed in the front of the Sword Beach assault LCI wave under the Newhaven Group of American LCIs commanded by Captain Gotto RN, landing British troops on D-Day 6 June 1944. Decommissioned and leased to the United Kingdom 20 October 1944; returned to U.S. naval custody 28 May 1946; struck from the Naval Register 5 June 1946; five battle stars for WWII service; transferred to the State Department 13 February 1948 for disposal; final disposition unknown. Specifications: 236 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; 158' 5.5" x 23' 3"; complement 4 officers + 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; five single 20mm guns.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- NY Shipbuilding construction trades (1942); crew (1942-44 USN; 1944-46 RN); embarked troops, up to 188 per trip; German POWs carried May 1943
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history and specifications only; contains no asbestos or material content. NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation - its milestones generally track official records but laid-down/launch dates conflict with other secondary sources (see gaps). The 'transferred to the State Department' wording is carried verbatim from NavSource and is unusual for a Navy disposal - the underlying disposal authority document was not located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-9-lcil9-01
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[2]shipbuildinghistory.com, New York Shipbuilding (Camden NJ) hull list - yard contract record for the LCI(L) series (compiled yard production list, last update 22 October 2020) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com New York Shipbuilding page, hull 445 block (LCI(L) 1-30 rows)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The New York Shipbuilding yard list places this hull in builder's series hull 445 covering LCI(L) 1-30: 'LCI(L) 9, U.S. Navy, Landing Craft, 194d tons, 158 ft, delivered Nov-42; disposition: To Britain 1944, struck 1946.' Confirms builder, approximate size, delivery window, UK transfer, and 1946 striking - consistent with the NavSource timeline.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- NY Shipbuilding construction trades (1942)
- Limitations
- Secondary compiled yard list, not a primary contract document - 'delivered Nov-42' postdates the documented 23 October 1942 commissioning, a common pattern for mass-produced craft (commissioned before formal delivery) but unresolved here; see gaps. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-9-lcil9-02
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[3]Amphibious Forces Memorial Museum, Elsie Item / Deck Log joint issue (June 2023), LCI casualty memorial list; corroborated by USS LCI National Association, 'In Memorial' (usslci.org PDF) [museum_official]
- Locator
- 2023JuneElsieDecklog121.pdf memorial list; usslci.org 'In Memorial' PDF (usslci.org/fathom/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/In-Memorial.pdf)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The memorial list records: 'Aboard LCI(L) 9 - Sicily 07/10/1943 - KIA Ernest L. Fletcher.' A named crewman was killed in action aboard this hull on 10 July 1943 during the Sicilian occupation campaign (9-15 July 1943 per the NavSource campaign table). The same list independently appears in the USS LCI National Association memorial PDF ('LCI(L) 9 - Sicily - KIA Ernest L. Fletcher').
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943
- Population
- Crew (KIA Ernest L. Fletcher, 1943-07-10)
- Limitations
- Casualty documentation only - not an exposure or material record. Veteran-association memorial compilations are secondary sources; the underlying action report or deck-log entry was not located. Establishes a combat death aboard, not asbestos content. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-9-lcil9-03
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[4]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI(L)-9 specifications block (eight GM diesels in two quad sets, no steam plant); USS LCI National Association LCI facts page (158-ft diesel beaching craft, quarter-inch steel plate, 8 GM 6-cylinder diesels); shipyard-exposure-map/client/src/data/shipyards.json documented asbestos product list for new-york-shipbuilding (see ev-05) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/150009.htm specifications block; usslci.org LCI facts page; shipyards.json yard_id new-york-shipbuilding
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered landing craft built in 1942 at New York Shipbuilding sits inside that yard's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a small diesel amphibious craft of this period were: thermal insulation around engine and exhaust runs in the confined machinery space, flange and machinery gaskets, valve and pump packing, electrical wire insulation, and winch brake linings; asbestos-cement panel products (e.g., Transite) were in the yard's documented product set. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; the dominant pathway would be machinery-space insulation and gaskets/packing in a 158-ft hull, plus construction-period exposure aboard and alongside the hull during fitting-out.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- NY Shipbuilding construction trades (1942); crew (1942-44 USN; 1944-46 RN); Bizerte drydock repair crew (mid-1943); UK dockyard trades during any lease-period maintenance; post-war disposal workforce
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or plan located for LCI(L)-9. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials aboard this hull; no quantities; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. LCI(L) design documents (BuShips) were not retrieved - applications are generalized from the type and the yard's documented products, not from a type-specific material schedule.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-9-lcil9-04
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[5]shipyard-exposure-map Atlas yard record new-york-shipbuilding (shipyards.json), with underlying citations: PMID 7342758 (~86% asbestosis in ship repair workers cohort); PMC6280925 (electricians' mesothelioma risk ~16x general population, 2018); U.S. Maritime Commission 1944 report to Congress on asbestos risks in shipbuilding (fmc.gov PDF); Navy 'Minimum Requirements for Safety' 1943 (DOI 10.3109/08958378.2011.643417) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyards.json yard_id new-york-shipbuilding (evidence items ev-new-york-shipbuilding-05/-07/-08/-11/-12; product_normalized list)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The builder yard's documented asbestos environment: the Atlas yard record for New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden NJ (operated 1899-1967, WWII peak employment ~30,000) documents asbestos products in yard use including Pabco Six-Ply Super Caltemp block (15% chrysotile), Ehret Magnesia 85% magnesia insulation, Bakelite panels (30-40% asbestos), Johns-Manville Transite asbestos cement panels (10-30%), asbestos gaskets and packing, asbestos-coated welding rods (5-15%), wire insulation (75-85% chrysotile), and felt insulation (5-50%) - supported by cohort literature and 1943-44 federal risk documents.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942 (construction); underlying studies span 1943-2018
- Population
- New York Shipbuilding construction trades, WWII peak ~30,000 (1940-45)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation, not a hull record - documents asbestos products at New York Shipbuilding generally; does not establish materials installed aboard LCI(L)-9, individual exposure, quantity, or present-day presence. Yard record's own underlying citations were taken from the dataset record; the PMID/PMC and FMC documents were not re-extracted this session.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-9-lcil9-05
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[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942) and service era (1942-46), and the subsequent disposal.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, a standing limitation since Batch 01) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-9-lcil9-06
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[7]Batch-5583 search ledger (this record): NavSource page (live-verified); shipbuildinghistory.com NY Shipbuilding list; AFMM/usslci.org memorial lists; CourtListener API v4 (type=o and type=r, hull-number queries); NVR; NHHC DANFS (URL probes + index); NARA catalog and digitized deck-log index; secondary web sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-9-lcil9-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-9-lcil9-14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, material schedule, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-9 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener hull-number queries returned results, but all reviewed hits were name collisions (LCI Communications and unrelated 'LCI' corporate litigation) - no qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull surfaced. No law-firm or marketing page naming this specific hull was found either - numbered LCIs are largely absent from asbestos-ship listicles. No DANFS entry exists for this hull (NHHC publishes craft narratives for only a handful of LCI(L)s).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - construction-era and yard-level documentation make era-consistent presence a reasonable inference, not a ship-proven fact. CourtListener quoted-phrase refinement queries were fleet-paced at research time and remain an open check (see gaps). Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-9-lcil9-07
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[8]Archival leads: NARA RG 24 deck logs for LCI(L)-9 (1942-44) and HM LCI(L)-9 return documentation; UK National Archives (TNA) records for the October 1944 - May 1946 lease period; NHHC amphibious force / LCI Flotilla 2 and Flotilla 11 records; Turner Publishing 'USS LCI, Vol. II' (NavSource's stated history source) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA RG 24 deck logs (digitization status unverified); TNA (unsearched); NavSource source line 'USS LCI, Vol. II, Turner Publishing 1995'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Unresolved archival leads for this hull: (1) WWII deck logs for LCI(L)-9 should exist in NARA RG 24 (College Park) - digitized-deck-log index lists no LCI(L)-9 and the catalog search was not retrievable this session (JS-rendered API); (2) the October 1944 lease and May 1946 return of HM LCI(L)-9 will be documented in UK National Archives series and U.S. lend-lease records; (3) NavSource's history derives from Turner Publishing's 1995 'USS LCI Vol. II' crew-association compilation - its underlying action reports and flotilla records sit in NHHC/NARA amphibious-force files.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Crew (1942-44 USN; 1944-46 RN)
- Limitations
- Leads only - none of these records was retrieved or verified this session. No asbestos content; deck logs and lease files are history/operations records, not material records, though a deck log could document shipyard availabilities and damage repairs relevant to insulation disturbance.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-9-lcil9-08