Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
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[1]research packet 483-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-pkt-483-packet-md
-
[2]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office cutter file 'USS LCI(L)-91' (uscg.mil/hq/g-cp/history/WEBCUTTERS/LCI_91.html, added January 2004) - ARCHIVED COPY: the live history.uscg.mil LCI(L)-91 article page (Article 1830341) renders without body content to automated tools; text verified from the 10 August 2007 Wayback Machine capture, which also transcribes the CO's action report (10 June 1944) and loss-of-ship report (19 June 1944) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Full page: specifications block; 'History' narrative; transcribed action report (paras. 1-12) and loss-of-ship report (paras. 1-11); sources note ('LCI(L) file, Coast Guard Historian's Office'; The Coast Guard at War V Transports and Escorts Vol. 2 pp. 117-130)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office cutter file for USS LCI(L)-91: built by Consolidated Steel Corporation, Orange, Texas; commissioned 6 February 1943; lost in action on Omaha Beach 6 June 1944. Specifications: 158'6" oa, 23'3" beam; 216 tons light / 234 tons beaching / 389 tons full load; 8 GM diesels on twin shafts (4 per shaft), 1,600 hp, twin variable-pitch propellers; 15.5 knots top speed; range 4,000 miles at 12 knots; complement 3 officers, 21 enlisted; 188 troops; 4 x 20mm single mounts plus 2 x .50 caliber; 2-inch plastic splinter armor on gun shields, conning tower, pilot house. The file transcribes two official wartime reports verbatim: (1) Action Report of 10 June 1944, CO LTJG Arend Vyn Jr., USCGR to Commander Task Group 124.4 - departed Weymouth 1715 on 5 June 1944 with Convoy Group O-1 carrying 201 troops (Headquarters 116th Infantry, 147th and 121st Engineer Battalions, 7th Beach Battalion); beached on schedule at H-70 (0740) on Dog White Beach; troops disembarked under heavy machine-gun and rifle fire; while retracting, a teller mine exploded at the port bow (2-foot hole above the waterline); second beaching 100 yards west; an '88' shell struck the well deck and exploded in the fuel tanks; uncontrollable fire; abandon-ship ordered; all compartments checked for survivors; ship's records consumed by fire. (2) Loss of Ship report of 19 June 1944, CO to Secretary of the Navy via Task Group/FLT chain - same sequence, adding that later investigation supported mines rather than an 88 shell as the major damage, the hull was damaged beyond repair, all compartments below the main deck forward of the engine room flooded, and a salvage crew surveyed removable material. Service narrative: shakedown at Norfolk; North Africa via Bermuda; Lake Bizerte; Sicily (Licata) 9 July 1943; Salerno 9 September 1943; England (Falmouth maneuvers, Dartmouth from 15 January 1944, Slapton Sands rehearsals from 10 February 1944); Omaha Beach 6 June 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1944 (service); reports dated 1944-06-10 and 1944-06-19; page capture 2007
- Population
- USCG crew (3 officers, 21 enlisted complement) plus 201 embarked troops at loss; survivors and rescue craft
- Limitations
- Archived capture of an official USCG Historian's Office ship file, citing the Historian's LCI(L) file and published USCG histories; the reports are verbatim transcriptions of wartime Navy documents. Contains no materials or asbestos information. The file's statement that LCI(L)-91 'was commissioned ... under the command of LTJG Arend Vyn, Jr.' conflicts with NavSource's commanding-officer table (LTjg Robert Barbee, USCGR, at commissioning; Vyn from September 1943) - carried in gaps, not resolved. The loss report's casualty figure is explicitly provisional ('no accurate account of survivors is yet available').
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-01
-
[3]U.S. Coast Guard, 'The Coast Guard at War: Lost Cutters VIII' (1947), LCI(L)-91 section p. 22 (HyperWar transcription of the official USCG publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Section 'LCI(L)-91 - LCI(L)-91 ALSO MINED', printed page 22 (single-file HTML transcription)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official USCG wartime history 'The Coast Guard at War: Lost Cutters VIII' (Historical Section, Public Information Division, USCG Headquarters, 1 July 1947) carries a dedicated LCI(L)-91 section ('LCI(L)-91 ALSO MINED', p. 22): four Coast Guard-manned LCI(L)s - 85, 91, 92, and 93 - were lost in the Normandy invasion on 6 June 1944. For LCI(L)-91: approach to Dog White Beach, Omaha Assault Area; cleared-channel markers absent; beached on schedule at 0740; troops disembarked under heavy enemy fire; while retracting, struck a teller mine on the port bow which exploded, killing several men and tearing a two-foot hole in the bow just above the waterline; second beaching 100 yards west; a violent explosion forward followed by uncontrollable fire; damage made retraction impossible; abandon ship ordered.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06-06 (event); publication 1947
- Population
- USCG crew and embarked Army troops at loss
- Limitations
- Official postwar USCG-published history of the loss; no materials or asbestos information. Minor divergence from the CO's reports: the 1947 history says the teller mine 'kill[ed] several men', while the CO's 1944 reports attribute the mine to 'a few soldiers' injured and place fatal casualties at the later forward explosion/fire - noted in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-02
-
[4]U.S. Coast Guard, 'The Coast Guard at War: Transports & Escorts, Vol. II - Transports' (1949), LCI(L)-91 entry p. 121 (HyperWar transcription of the official USCG publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- LCI(L)-91 vessel entry, printed page 121 (single-file HTML transcription)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official USCG wartime history 'The Coast Guard at War: Transports & Escorts, Vol. II - Transports' (USCG Headquarters, 1 May 1949) carries an LCI(L)-91 entry (p. 121): 'The Coast Guard manned USS LCI(L)-91 was commissioned February 6, 1943. Her commanding officer was Lt. (jg) Arend Vyn, Jr., USCGR. She participated in the Sicilian occupation on July 9, 1943, and the Salerno landings on September 9, 1943. ... She was lost when mined in the Normandy invasion on June 5, 1944' - header: Flotilla 10, Group 29, Division 58.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1944; publication 1949
- Population
- USCG crew (class context)
- Limitations
- Official USCG-published service summary; no materials or asbestos information. Contains two internal defects: the loss date is printed 'June 5, 1944' (all other sources, including the CO's contemporaneous reports, give 6 June 1944), and it names Vyn as commissioning CO where NavSource's CO table lists Barbee first - both variants logged in gaps, not resolved.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-03
-
[5]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'D-Day, June 6, 1944, Normandy' commemorative page (verified live 2026-09-30) [museum_official]
- Locator
- Omaha Beach assault narrative, LCI(L)-91 and CGC-1 paragraphs
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office D-Day commemorative narrative (live page) recounts the loss of LCI(L)-91 at Omaha: the craft grounded and the troops disembarked; moving forward with the rising tide she struck a mined obstacle; the commanding officer backed off and beached again 100 yards west; the ship was then repeatedly hit by 88mm artillery fire; one shell exploded in the forward troop compartment and killed everyone there; the ship caught fire and the crew abandoned; the beached LCI(L)-91 'burned all morning.' The narrative records seven Coast Guard crew killed and eleven wounded, and separately that USCGC CGC-1 (a cutter) recovered 19 survivors from LCI(L)-91, 14 of them Coast Guard crew.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06-06
- Population
- USCG crew and embarked troops; CGC-1 rescue crew
- Limitations
- Official commemorative narrative, not a primary document; casualty figure (seven Coast Guard crew killed) conflicts with the five named LCI(L)-91 dead on the same office's D-Day KIA list - carried in gaps, not merged. No materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-04
-
[6]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'D-Day KIA' list (verified live 2026-09-30) [museum_official]
- Locator
- KIA table, 'Unit Assigned' column = USS LCI(L)-91 (5 rows)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office D-Day killed-in-action list (live page) names five Coast Guardsmen of USS LCI(L)-91 killed at Normandy on 6 June 1944: Atterberry, James E. (Gunner's Mate 1/c); Fritz, Leslie (Seaman 1/c); Johnson, Ernest (Seaman 1/c); Wilczak, Stanley (Radioman 3/c); Wolfe, Bernard L. (Seaman 1/c, KIA - body not recovered).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06-06
- Population
- USCG crew of LCI(L)-91
- Limitations
- Official casualty tabulation by named individual; conflicts with the same office's narrative figure of seven crew killed - logged in gaps. Roster supports the crew's wartime presence aboard this hull; no materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-05
-
[7]U.S. Coast Guard, 'Cutter Losses' compilation PDF, entry 106 (media.defense.gov, verified live via fetch 2026-09-30; the CDN 403s plain curl but serves the document) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Cutter Losses list, entry 106
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official USCG cutter-losses compilation hosted on the DoD media CDN lists, as entry 106: 'LCI(L)-91; [US Coast Guard-manned Navy infantry landing ship] 6 June 1944; Mined' - alongside sister hulls LCI(L)-85 (105), LCI(L)-92 (107), and LCI(L)-93 (108), all mined the same day at Normandy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-06-06
- Limitations
- One-line loss register entry corroborating date and cause (mined); contains no casualty detail, no materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-06
-
[8]Naval History and Heritage Command, National Museum of the U.S. Navy - 'Landing Craft Infantry (Large)-10 (USS LCI(L)-10)' photography and class-description page (verified live 2026-09-30) [museum_official]
- Locator
- Page lead paragraphs (class description) beneath the LCI(L)-10 entry
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC's National Museum of the U.S. Navy describes the LCI(L) type: Navy-designed craft launched by the hundreds; approximately 157 feet long, speeds up to 14 knots, crew of 24 officers and men, four 20mm guns; the first version debarked troops by catwalks and ramps while later versions used bow doors; the same hull was modified into mortar, gunboat, and rocket versions and flotilla flagships.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- WWII (class description)
- Population
- LCI(L) crews and embarked troops (class context)
- Limitations
- Class-level description published on a sister hull's page, not LCI(L)-91-specific. Rounded class figures (157 ft, four 20mm guns, crew of 24) differ slightly from this hull's documented specifications (158'6", 4x20mm + 2x.50cal, 3 officers + 21 enlisted per the USCG cutter file) - variant not reconciled. Contains no materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-07
-
[9]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) - DOI verified via Crossref 2026-09-30 (publisher page 403s automated fetches) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed scholarship documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during World War II - the era and program under which this 1942 naval landing craft was built - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in ship construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or the LCI(L) type and does not establish that asbestos was aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-08
-
[10]USCG Historian's Office cutter file spec block ('8 x GM diesels; twin shafts') + NavSource USS LCI(L)-91 spec block ('two sets of 4 GM Diesels, 4 per shaft, BHP 1,600') + CO action report machinery detail (fuel tanks, engine room) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Cutter file 'Propulsion' line; NavSource 150091.htm 'Specifications - Propulsion'; action report paras. 7-9 (fuel tanks, engine room)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- The LCI(L) was a diesel-powered beaching craft: both the USCG cutter file and the NavSource spec block record eight GM diesel engines in two 4-engine sets (four per shaft) driving twin variable-pitch propellers - no boilers and no steam system; the CO's action report corroborates a diesel machinery plant (fuel tanks under the well deck exploded into flame when hit; engine room aft). The era's dominant shipboard asbestos applications (boiler and steam-line lagging) were therefore absent by design on this craft type; residual era-typical candidate materials on a diesel landing craft (engine-exhaust/muffler lagging, gaskets, packing, electrical insulation, joiner and deck materials, coatings) are not documented for this hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Population
- Engine-room crew; construction trades (Consolidated Steel, Orange TX, 1942-43)
- Limitations
- The diesel configuration is documented for this hull; the asbestos-relevant material content aboard is not. Absence of boilers/steam removes the largest era-typical asbestos mass, but era-typical smaller applications (exhaust lagging, gaskets, electrical insulation, coatings) are plausible and undocumented - this row bounds the inference, it does not establish presence or absence. No BuShips materials list for this hull was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-09
-
[11]Naval History and Heritage Command, Underwater Archaeology Branch - Sunken Military Craft Act policy page (Pub. L. 108-375, title XIV; 32 CFR 767) - ARCHIVED COPY: live NHHC URL returns 404 as of 2026-09-30; verified from the 8 December 2025 Wayback capture [other_primary]
- Locator
- SMCA policy summary
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- Under the Sunken Military Craft Act of 2004, sunken U.S. military craft remain U.S. Navy property regardless of location or passage of time and may not be disturbed without authorization; NHHC notes sunken military craft can contain oil or other hazardous materials. Whether the LCI(L)-91 wreck - documented as a burned hulk on Omaha Beach in June 1944 photographs - remains in place or was removed during postwar beach clearance is not established by any source located; no survey, condition assessment, or materials record for this wreck was found.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2004-present (statutory regime); wreck since 1944-06-06
- Limitations
- Legal-status framework only; the CO's loss report records salvage survey activity and stripped fittings but the hulk's later disposition (in-place remnant vs. postwar removal) is undocumented in located sources, so whether any wreck subject to SMCA persists is unknown. No hull condition or hazardous-material record exists for this site.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-10
-
[12]CourtListener API v4 search via cl-auth-search.py (authenticated, fleet-paced): opinion queries 'LCI(L)-91', '"LCI(L) 91"', '"landing craft" asbestos' and docket query 'LCI(L)-91' (type=r) - all attempts blocked by fleet pacing, 2026-09-30 [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-14 through -17
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener API v4 (authenticated) searches were attempted on 2026-09-30 but could not complete: the fleet-wide request budget (shared ~114/hr pacing across all batch sessions) was spent at every attempt across the session and the helper returned stand-down guidance, which was obeyed. No CourtListener result - positive or negative - was obtained for this hull; the sweep is an open item, not a negative finding.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- accessed 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- The sweep never executed - this row records an unperformed search, not a negative result, and establishes nothing about litigation naming this hull. Sunken 1944 hull with no postwar service; any crew exposure claims would name defendants (builders, manufacturers, operators), not the hull number, and RECAP/docket coverage of wartime-era litigation is inherently thin, so even a completed hull-name negative would not establish that no claims were filed. A rerun would close the ledger cleanly.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-11
-
[13]Batch-5585 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS URL-pattern check; HyperWar DANFS mirror; NavSource Amphibious Photo Archive; NVR detail-page check; USCG Historian pages; CourtListener sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-08 and -09 (DANFS/NVR negatives) and -14 through -17 (blocked litigation sweep)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located. No DANFS entry exists for this hull (the NHHC DANFS URL pattern and the HyperWar DANFS mirror both return 404 for LCI(L)-91; NavSource attributes this hull's history to Turner Publishing's USS LCI volume, not DANFS). No asbestos survey, abatement contract, or hazmat disclosure can exist from the usual channels - the ship was lost in 1944, before such documentation regimes, and the hulk's postwar disposition is undocumented. The CourtListener litigation sweep did not complete (fleet pacing blocked all queries - see litigation_sweep row), so litigation coverage is an open item.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull burned and was abandoned on the beach in 1944 and its later disposition is undocumented. A negative finding is a documentation result, not evidence of absence of exposure or of eligibility/ineligibility for any claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-12
-
[14]National Archives and Records Administration record groups RG 38, RG 19, RG 24 (mapped, not retrieved) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger row sl-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-18
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival path for any deeper record: NARA RG 38 (wartime action and loss reports - the CO's 10 June 1944 action report and 19 June 1944 loss-of-ship report survive in USCG transcription, and originals plus Commander Task Group 124.4 and LCI(L) Flotilla 10 war diaries are of this record group), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships records - LCI(L) design and construction correspondence and any materials specifications), and RG 24 (deck logs for the pre-loss period, if surviving). None of these holdings is digitized for this hull; no retrieval was performed.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping is a research path, not evidence about this hull; holdings' contents were not examined and their coverage of this specific craft's materials is unknown.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-91-lcil91-13